New positive psychology. Martin Seligman, founder of positive psychology. Financial investigation of honesty

This Agreement falls within the scope of IP Smigin Kostyantin Igorovich, named hereinafter “Service Administration” and any person who becomes a correspondent when registering on the Service website http://site/ (hereinafter referred to as the Service), hereinafter name “Koristuvach”, following the text Please call them “Parties”, and call them “Parties”.

1. Foreign regulations

1.1. Tsya Ugoda is sent to the station. 435 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is a huge offer. By denying access to the materials of the Service, Koristuvach is respected in such a way that, having reached this Agreement, he or she accepts this offer and provisions of the Agreement (acceptance).

1.2. The immediate acceptance of this offer is subject to registration on the Service website.

1.3. This Agreement, determined by the acceptance of this offer, will not require bilateral signature and is valid in electronic form.

1.4. The use of materials and functions of the Service is governed by the norms of the official legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Item Please

2.1. The subject of this is the transfer by the Administration of the Service of non-exclusive rights to the Service by giving access to the Service on the server, which belongs to the Administration of the Service.

2.2. This service is extended to all future updates and new versions of the Service. In compliance with the latest new version of the Service, the Customer accepts the agreement for the latest updates and new versions of the Service, since the update and/or new version of the Service is not accompanied by another please.

2.3. The Service is the result of the intellectual activity of the Service Administration and is protected by the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of intellectual power and the norms of international law, all rights to the Service, It is the responsibility of the Service Administration to accompany your materials and any copies of them. The right to use the Service is granted to Koristuvachev inclusively in the minds and in connection with this Agreement.

3. Umovi vikoristannaya Service

3.1. To begin working with the Koristuvacheva Service, you must go through the registration procedure by providing a unique name (Login) and password. After completing the registration process, Koristuvach becomes the holder of the regional registration. From the moment you log in to your account, Koristuvach is independently responsible for the security of the data you enter, as well as your login and password.

3.2. After completing the work with the Koristuvach Service, the work will automatically complete under its own account by pressing the “Login” button.

3.3. From the moment of registration in the Koristuvachev Service, there is a special requirement for which Koristuvachev has the right to deposit a penny sum. A penny sum is specially used to pay for a subscription for the next calendar period (6 months, 12 months and 24 months) for a paid service to the Service. Payment for paid services is made by way of unprepared transfer of costs in the form of a 100% prepayment and is debited from the special account of Koristuvach.

3.4. Cost-free services are provided to Koristuvachev without any guarantees, insofar as these functional capabilities exist in the service warehouse. This means that Koristuvach has no right to make claims for availability, serviceability, efficiency or functional ability to obtain cost-free services and claims them, taking on all the risks and reliability associated with and koristannym of such costless services.

3.5. Paid employees are respected for those who have been duly employed and accepted by Koristuvach under full obligation, since during the 5 (Five) working days of their employment as a type of paid service, the Administration of the Service did not reject motivation letters from Koristuvach x claims.

3.6. The Administration of the Service provides technical support to Koristuvach, including those related to the functionality of the Service and the services that are provided, as well as the peculiarities of operating the Service.

4. Rights and obligations of the parties

4.1. Koristuvach's rights and obligations

4.1.1. The lawyer undertakes not to go into actions that may be considered to violate Russian legislation or the norms of international law, including in the sphere of intellectual power, copyright and/or proprietary rights, as well as whatever actions they take or can cause the normal operation of the Service to be disrupted.

4.1.2. The customer undertakes not to give (transfer) in full or often to third parties the right to be taken away from him for the benefit, not to sell, replicate, or copy materials of the Service, in general or often, not to alienate in any other way, including free of charge, without reversal of overinsurance assets forward letter to the Service Administration.

4.1.3. The Client undertakes not to disclose to third parties the passwords and logins used to access the Service, to ensure their confidentiality. If you have unauthorized access to the login and password and/or cloud account of the Koristuvach, please inform the Service Administration about it.

4.1.4. The customer agrees not to use a software program that will ensure automatic downloading and processing (parsing) of web pages for the Service to extract the required data.

4.1.5. The correspondent is responsible for the replacement and reliability of the data submitted at the time of registration on the Service. The Koristuvach determines the preservation and processing of the personal data of the Koristuvach by the Administration Service.

4.1.6. The client has the right to access the Service at any time, except for the time of carrying out preventive work.

4.1.7. The customer has the right to participate in the Service within the boundaries of his functional capabilities and on the minds established by this Pleasure.

4.1.8. The customer has the right to deposit a penny amount equal to the amount of subscription for the same calendar period, for further payment of Paid Services to the Service.

4.1.9. The customer has the right to independently change the password without informing the Service Administration.

4.1.10. The customer has the right at any time to submit an application for a deleted cloud record and the information of the customer that is stored by the Service. The deleted cloud record and Koristuvach information that is saved on the Service must be processed within 7 days from the date of cancellation of the application. If the account has been deleted, the amount of money spent on a subscription to Paid Services to the Service will not be extended to a private or permanent representative.

4.1.11. Costs transferred as payment for prepayment of services to the Service will not be extended and may be used to pay for paid services to the Service.

4.2. Rights and obligations of the Service Administration

4.2.1. The Administration of the Service is required to provide Koristuvach with access to the Service no later than 5 (Five) business days from the moment Koristuvach completes the registration procedure on the Service.

4.2.2. The Administration of the Service is committed to ensuring that the work of the Service is consistent with the minds of this service for a total of 7 (seven) days per week, including weekends and holy days, subject to the hour of preventive maintenance tichnykh robіt.

4.2.3. The Administration of the Service is committed to ensuring the safety of Koristuvach’s data placed with the Service for a period of 90 (Ninety) calendar days from the moment of the remaining use of Koristuvach for any of the paid services to the Service.

4.2.4. The Administration of the Service undertakes not to transfer personal data of Koristuvach to third parties.

4.2.5 The Service Administration has the right to subrogate the Service to carry out necessary scheduled preventive and repair work on the technical resources of the Service Administration, as well as scheduled work in emergency situations , informing about this Koristuvach, as technically possible, for the additional placement of such information on the site.

4.2.6. The Administration of the Service has the right to interrupt the work of the Service, which is due to the impossibility of the use of information and transport channels, which does not have the power resources of the Administration of the Service, or the activity and/or inactivity There are three problems that directly affect the work of the Service, including during an emergency situation .

4.2.7. The Administration of the Service has the right to update the changes, functionality and user interface of the Service at any time for the authority to decide.

4.2.8. The Administration of the Service has the right to change the availability of paid services unilaterally.

4.2.9. The Administration of the Service has the right to block and/or delete the cloud record of Koristuvach, including all information contained in Koristuvach without informing Koristuvach and explaining the reasons for the destruction of the minds of Koristuvach.

5. Type of parties and order of priority of disputes

5.1. The service is provided by Koristuvache “as it is” in accordance with the principle generally accepted in international practice. This means that through the problems that arise during the process of updating, support and operation of the Service (including problems with incompatibility with other software products, as well as the inconsistency of the results of using the Service, yum Koristuvach too), the Administration of the Service is not responsible.

5.2. For violation of obligations, the Parties shall be liable in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation. In this case, the responsibility of the Administration of the Service to Koristuvach, in any case, the payment of cash is bounded by the size of the cost of Paid Services paid by Koristuvach.

5.3. Each of the Sides does not bear any resemblance to the outside or the frequent inconsistency of any of its obligations, as it is unconventional of the conditions of uncontrollable force that arose after the laying of the Land and independent views will of Storin. In any situation of insurmountable force for 3 (three) months, either Party has the right to unilaterally withdraw from its demands for this Pleasance (to dissolve the Pleasure).

5.4. Since the Service is subject to the intellectual power of the Administration of the Service, liability for copyright infringement is subject to the strict legislation of the Russian Federation.

5.5. The Administration of the Service is not responsible for illegal or improperly victorious demands for this benefit, as well as for direct and indirect violations of Koristuvach, including the wasted benefit and possible harm that occurred, among other things. or as a result of illegal actions of the internet network, directly resulting in violation of information security whether the Service is functioning normally; There is an Internet connection between the Koristuvach’s computer and the Administration Service server; carrying out by state and municipal bodies, as well as other organizations, within the framework of operational and sound approaches; the establishment of sovereign regulation (or regulation by other organizations) of the sovereign activity of commercial organizations near the Internet and/or the establishment by designated subjects of one-time exchanges, which complicate or make it difficult to conquer tsієї Please; and other issues related to the actions (negligence) of the Internet network and/or other subjects, directly affecting the underground situation of the Internet network and/or computer equipment that existed at the time of installation of the property.

5.6. If there is any dispute or disagreement between the Parties that arises from or is connected with it, the Parties will make their best decisions regarding negotiations between each other.

5.7. If it is not possible to resolve disputes and/or differences that arose between the Parties during negotiations, then such disputes are resolved in the Arbitration Court of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

6. Different minds

6.1. This Agreement gains rank from the date of acceptance until the Parties completely terminate their obligations.

6.2. This Ugoda can be terminated ahead of time for the mutual benefit of the Parties, as well as with the initiative of the Service Administration once the Koristuvach has destroyed the minds of this Ugoda without reversing the remaining costs.

6.3. As a result, this Agreement is an offer, and by virtue of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation, the Administration of the Service has the right to make an offer in accordance with Art. 436 Central Committee of Ukraine. Whenever you click, the price of the term is valid from the moment you click. Clicking here is done by posting relevant information on the site.

6.4. The Parties have agreed that, at the time of the final price, it is permitted to obtain the signatures of the Parties' representatives, as well as their seals, by means of fax, mechanical or other copying, electronic digital printing Signature or other analogue of handwritten signature of ceramics and seals of the organization.

6.5. The Administration of the Service has the right to unilaterally make changes to the minds of the services provided to the Service by posting information about it on the website for public access and making changes for this purpose.

6.6. Significant changes in the minds of these items are based on the date of their publication, unless otherwise indicated in the other publication. Continuation of the service by Koristuvach after changes and/or additions have been made to the Site means that Koristuvach will accept such changes and/or additions.

7. Warranties

7.1. Apart from the guarantees expressly stated in the text of this agreement, the Service Administration does not provide any other guarantees.

7.2. Having agreed with the minds and minds of the valid offer and acceptance, Koristuvach sings to the Administration of the Service and guarantees that:

• concludes this agreement voluntarily;
• having become familiar with the entire understanding of this agreement;
• it fully understands and confirms the subject of the offer and the contract;
• Volodya has all the rights and new rights necessary for the establishment of this contract.

Martin Seligman

New positive psychology: A scientific view of the happiness and sense of life

I dedicate this book to my friend, Mandya McCarthy Seligman, whose love gave me happiness that I could not even die.

Peredmova

Transcendence

Without us this whole world is simple,
Subject to prison rules.
The galaxies turn around according to a given stake,
And the lights go out at the singing hour,
The crows turn away for the day,
And zgrai Mavp enter the love race.

Ale mi, who are the millions of fates for that
There are creations behind this very eye, -
We know what the deal is.
And we can change it for ourselves
I, stretching my arms across the street,
One of one pleases in full.

And stop the whales from eating fried fish,
Imprisoned in the depths of the seas,
We rise on the ridge of the hills
I look down from the gloom.

Marvin Levin, from collections

The rest of psychology, in essence, dealt with one single problem - mental disorders of people. And I need to say, I have achieved great success along this path. No psychologists and psychiatrists have heard about depression, schizophrenia, and alcoholism. We were able to understand why these illnesses arise and how they develop, what biochemical processes take place when depression plays a role in the body. Methods of celebration have been found. In my experience, at least fourteen mental disorders are amenable to medication and psychotherapy, and two of them are cured outright.

Unfortunately, this miraculous progress was achieved at a high price. While busy treating the sick, psychotherapists have completely forgotten that their help is also necessary for the healthy. Even if people want to avoid illness, they need to know the meaning of their life. Like before me, at night you dream about those who seem to figuratively rise from level plus two to plus that, instead of finding a way from minus five to minus three and then you want a little bit less for the unlucky ones, - I'm afraid that traditional psychology will disappoint you. The time has come to create a new science that embraces positive feelings in order to help people develop positive character and achieve what Aristotle called “good lives.”

The Declaration of Independence states that every American has the right to happiness. At any police bookstore you will find hundreds of books about methods of self-improvement. Proteus, according to scientific data, everyday people cannot make themselves happy. On the right it looks like this, the skin of our skin is set between us, everything behind is important and insured. Just as those who sit on a diet gain vagus again, unhappy people can only become happy for a short time, and happy people can become unhappy for a short time.

Fortunately, new scientific research shows that the severity of happy periods can be significantly increased. And here we are approaching what positive psychology deals with. The first part of this book is devoted to the analysis of positive emotions and ways to consolidate them.

Widener reconstitution, neither happiness nor streamlined, is the first step to the path to scientific developments (and, of course, practical results) in this galusi. Another and more serious mistake is the fact that happiness and other people’s attitudes are actually deceptive. This pardon has been widened - the dogma is completely rotten, which my reader, I am sure, will soon convert himself.

In addition to such rotten dogmas, there is, for example, the postulate about the original sin, which is still found in our democratic, secularized state. Freud brought elements of this theory to the psychology of the 20th century, managing to identify all the essential values ​​of civilization - including morality, science, religion and technological progress - as a result of the individual in child sexuality and aggression. We are trying to stifle these manifestations, which do not transform them into energy, which becomes the engine of progress. Like Freud, I sit at the computer and write series on and off in order to stifle my anger to chatter and hammer in, as well as to awaken other primary instincts. However, Freudian philosophy, although it looked strange in a simplified summary, is still popular among psychologists and psychiatrists, who still irritate patients to delve into the past, the perceived negative ideas that have pressed into the special warehouse. Freud's followers explain the successes of Bill Gates with jealousy towards their father, and the enormous position of Princess Diani - hostility towards Prince Charles and other members of the royal family.

“Rotten dogma” has become widespread in the mystical and spiritual sciences. I will point one butt out of a thousand. A documentary book, No Ordinary Time, has recently appeared - the suspenseful story of Benjamin Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, written by the famous political scientist Doris Kearns Goodwin. It turns out that Roosevelt’s squad helped blacks, poor and disabled people simply because in this way they “compensated for their mother’s self-destruction and their father’s alcoholism.” It seems that the authors did not think that Eleanor Roosevelt could have been extremely kind and spontaneous. Such motivation of our leaders, such as kindness and a feeling of obligation, many psychologists, and after them scribes, have decided not to take into account: in my opinion, in the context of obedience there is a kind of obscene and hisistic meta.

I think we can say without further ado that, for all the popularity of this dogma, there is still no compelling proof that the basis of a good thing is always a bad one. It is believed that the process of evolution, however, has brought about the emergence of both advantages and disadvantages, so that people of high morality, kindness and knowledge will help their neighbors in the same way as those who have been killed , steal it or live only for yourself. This subservience of human nature is dedicated to another part of the book. In fact, we often find ourselves developing positive qualities in ourselves, developing them and actively pursuing our work, love and everyday life.

Positive psychology rests on three stages: the first is the development of positive feelings, the second is the identification of positive characteristics of the character and such basic features as intelligence and physical development, the third is the investigation of positive manifestations and attitudes in marriage (such as democracy and family), how to harness the development of the greatest human powers. Hope, love and trust are especially needed at important times. At such moments, the support of positive institutions - democracy, family, free press - is simply invaluable. Every year people try to demonstrate their greatest integrity: courage, integrity of nature, justice, dedication, etc.

On June 11, 2001, fate made me think especially seriously about the significance of positive psychology. Is it more important to relieve suffering than to make people happy? In my opinion, just like that. Living in poverty, falling into depression or stumbling upon self-destruction, people are still in great pain, but will simply endure their torment. Such a person strives - and often with his whole soul - to the point of honesty, integrity and the sense of life. On the other hand, we hope that positive feelings arise, which are responsible for causing ills and ills from our lives. As we like to see on the pages of this book, they take on the role of a buffer between us and our troubles. The stench itself gives us resilience, so all good psychotherapists not only rejoice, but help people discover and develop their own songs of excellence.

Of course, positive psychology matters that it comes out in the future - when life has become boring and seems hopeless. The way to salvation lies through the valleys of joy to the heights of honesty.

Part 1. POSITIVE FEELINGS

Chapter 1. Positive character

In 1932, Cecilia O'Payne took monastic vows in Milwaukee: she decided to dedicate her life to the beginning of her children. Before I was tonsured, Cecilia, like other novices of the School of the Sisters of Our Lady, was asked to write a short autobiography.

“God sent me priceless grace at the beginning of life... The rest of my life at the School of Our Lady became especially happy for me. And now I look forward with joyful anticipation to the day when I will wear black clothes and live in unity with Divine Love.”

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

WHAT MAKES US HAPPY, OPTIMISTIC AND MOTIVATED

Thanks go to Guli Bazarova for his assistance in scientific editing of the book.

© Pearson Education Limited 2011

© Studio Art. Lebedev, cover design, 2012

Peredmova before the Russian version

In a situation of uncertainty in our skin, anxiety naturally increases, and uncertainty can lead to severe stress. Considering your worthlessness - the right way to the bottom. This does not reflect self-indulgence and awareness of fatal addiction. But isn’t the people of the people married for happiness? How can the daily cries of the building spoil the wrath of people to the point of insanity? Test your nutritional information – no matter. It’s almost a call to positive thinking, development of emotional intelligence, and kindness. Few people indicate that there is power on the head. How can I achieve harmony, kindness, and happiness myself? The value of the book's price lies not in the completed lessons given, but in the specific lessons that you need to supply yourself. Only if you pay attention to them, you can truly change your self-esteem, evaluate your place in life and understand your level of happiness.

The fundamental principles of positive psychology increase respect for those given to each person. And this, of course, is his strong side. “Great to the one who respects his wealth,” wrote Virgil. It is important in the mundane and messy everyday life to reveal those that are in each of us - talents, the energy of kindness and love, the desire to be dear to others. And this is a good place and a real joy in human life.

“Which is better to develop in yourself - weak or strong sides?” - This nutritional problem has plagued every reader more than once. After reading this book, you will be able to reveal your own testimony. I am especially convinced that the strategy of self-development by investing in the strengths of power is not reduced not only by the sophistication and paradoxicality, but also by the pragmatism that it creates.

Enjoy your reading, and let each one of you be happy, and the will to happiness is invincible.

Takhir Bazarov,

Doctor of Psychology,

Professor at MDU im. M. V. Lomonosova,

Scientific researcher of the Institute of Practical Psychology of the Higher School of Economics

Chapter 1
Positive psychology is needed

“Surely, there is nothing in the world that is so often condemned and so poorly understood, how to live happily.”

Seneca (bl. 4 BC – 65 AD)

Positive psychology teaches what is effective. These are all aspects of life, thoughts and behaviors that contribute to our well-being. Positive psychology, based on scientific research, shows which skills and habits are most important for self-realization, maintaining health and prosperity. It is necessary not to become “positive”, but to reveal your best sides. This also helps you enrich all areas of your life.

The most significant and current results indicate the extraordinary effectiveness of such things as kindness, kindness, positive thinking, generosity, kindness and comradeship.

Positive psychology clearly examines the numerical factors that influence self-realization and unlocking potential. Adherents of positive psychology talk about prosperity and success.

Positive psychology advocates the following nutrition:

What do you need to feel motivated?

Why is it that true optimism does not mean more than a good bet?

How to live a longer life and less illness?

How important and bright are your hundreds?

Why do you need diversity and testing?

Why do you value what you are doing?

Why is it important to accept yourself as you are?

Why is it important to consider mothers and sons of life?

Why is awareness of power’s advantages and the ability to overcome them important for your happiness?

How to achieve happiness and contentment in life?

Investigations have shown that pennies do not make us happy. As long as we can pay off the bills, our satisfaction with life is not in sight; In essence, the more you earn for a song, there is less happiness.

In this case, if you give money for those who pay, and even donate money for these and other purposes, this can truly bring you happiness!

BUTT

Recent studies have shown that if you give people pennies, those who are willing to donate them are happier than those who allow them to be spent on the authorities.

History of nutrition

The science of psychology, although from the very beginning it was called upon to engage in investigations of the human mind, has focused mainly on identifying and correcting the fact that there are violations and deviations from the norm. “Positive” psychology is the return of psychology to its roots, the pursuit of a mindset oriented towards prosperity and success.

The development and understanding of the principles of achieving happiness is not new in psychology. The left side of humanistic psychology extends to the achievements of Gordon Allport, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. The recent popularity of cognitive behavioral therapy and the developments over the past 25 years such as coaching and neurolinguistic programming have become practical examples of eliminating some of the concerns of positive psychology. There are a lot of principles that are powerful in coaching and the practice of self-development, such as rethinking, visualization, setting meaningful and achievable goals, respect, changing your mind, and exploring strengths - revolve around the achievements of psychology and psychology. philosophy.

Positive psychology is like a new, new and direct way to set a song in front of you. It includes sociology, anthropology, clinical psychology, genetics, biology, humanistic psychology, philosophy based on a healthy mind. First, underground scientific research began to be carried out, aimed at identifying all the factors that influence the prosperity of people - on the individual and cultural level.

Bookstores are filled with literature that promises to make us happy. What is behind these “works” is less advertising than serious investigations. Positive psychology accumulates facts that confirm the effectiveness of specific methods and principles of behavior that truly make life easier. Within the framework of this new concept, all the concerns about the possibilities of human prosperity were first united.

The results of the study show that most often the strategies used by mentally healthy people for further self-development are in contrast to the many popular approaches that give priority to professionals in the area of ​​psychological health and well-being. Those that are effective for people with these and other psychological treatments (and it is important for psychology to deal with the remaining fates) differ from the principles that both primary and non-primary people follow when dealing with the positive and negative sides of life. The strategies for transforming healthy people closely resemble the key principles of positive psychology.

The reach of positive psychology is supported by lawyers, investors, health professionals, business partnerships, the public sector, etc. There is no such thing as activity that could not eliminate measles from the adoption of the principles of human color.

Yak vinikla positive psychology

Positive psychology was born on one of the beaches of New Mexico. Here, Dr. Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihaly quickly clashed: the doctor vryatuv Mihaly, who almost drowned at the sea. After this unexpected development, the stinks revealed that they were working in the same direction: they were engaged in learning the basic components of a healthy, prosperous life. Csikszentmihaly worked on the concept of “flow,” and Seligman explored the problem of the hopelessness of people in order to better understand those who face difficult times. Thus, a new scientific discipline was born - positive psychology, based on many other directives from psychology.

Let's list the key concepts of positive psychology:

Optimism;

Voice on strengths;

Subjectively, especially well;

Psychological goodness;

Happy;

Podyaka;

Timhour perspective;

Positive emotions;

Emotional intelligence;

Reach mark;

Accept yourself as you are, and self-esteem;

Nadiya;

Durability;

Sens life;

Wisdom;

Spiritual practice.

This book will cover all the concepts in an accessible form with a practical explanation. First of all, it is important to clarify what we mean by well-being and how to overcome it, as well as briefly report the results of the study and look at the most important difference between positive psychology – choice.

Wake up happy and prosperous

Being happy is a much broader concept than happiness, although people often pretend to be happy. Happiness, kindness and “satisfaction with life” are intertwined in an attempt to describe a “functional”, effective life. “Subjective” well-being is the furthest term that relates to both cognitive and emotional criteria of “happiness” and well-being – but the most important criterion for the extinction of positive emotions.

How to live in happiness and prosperity

Positive psychology suppresses everything that contributes to the joy of life, health and longevity. From a sense of humor to the perception of facing problems and steadfastly enduring difficulties. In fact, there are hundreds of evaluation criteria and a variety of ways that can be used to evaluate and level up surveillance data, to bring back the truth of the past to people. All investigations, direct to the observation and assessment of what flows into our happiness and well-being, are based on positive psychology. Positive psychology is the result of these numerical studies that analyze how we react to other situations and what influences and factors influence our choices.

BUTT

Positive psychologist Ed Diner conducted a wide-ranging study that produced results on over a million people from 45 countries, and measured all levels of happiness and satisfaction in life. I realized that the average level of happiness on a scale from 0 to 10 becomes 6.75.

The most authoritative and most popular method for the rapid assessment of subjective well-being is the “Life Satisfaction Scale” ( Diener et al., 1985), which is made up of five firmaments (div. below). Before speaking, you can immediately evaluate your joy, focusing on this:

1. In my opinion, my life is close to ideal.

2. I have a miraculous living mind.

3. I am happy with my life.

4. I have the most important things I need in life.

5. If I could live my life anew, then I might not change anything.

Sum up the numbers that you calculated in five firmaments.

31–35. The greatest world of contentment.

26–30. Satisfaction.

21–25. Contentment with the insignificant world.

20. Average result.

15–19. Dissatisfaction with an insignificant world.

10-14. Dissatisfaction.

5–9. End of dissatisfaction.

What to talk about investigation

The research results showed that our genes themselves indicate how happy we are in life. We are innately blessed with happiness, and some lucky people have more of it than others. However, at the same time you can get stuck. After reading this book, you will discover that the best people and how positive psychology can help you create a life that reveals more possibilities for joy and happiness.

Happiness is the basis of prosperity, which is why it is a universal term to describe joy and positive emotions, without which kindness it is simply impossible. Prote trace, scho shchastya – a companion “product”; It comes to us that we need to actively begin to engage in his searches or that we gradually analyze how happy we are. And there is no difference between different types of “happiness”.

Everything is interconnected

There is no single right path to prosperity. In essence, the research shows how interconnected everything we know and think about is. But there is one problem: a lot of officials contribute to our well-being, and we can ignore some of them, if one turns out to be effective.

In almost all situations, happiness and prosperity allow connections between the mind, emotions, body and “soul”. In addition, as we expect well-being in one area of ​​our life, we also experience prosperity in others.

This relationship is above all, so that we can begin with what is best suited for us. Let's point out a number of butts of bonds:

The training is applied to the physical body, as well as to the mind and emotions;

Joy flows into our thoughts and health;

Emotions stimulate various mental faculties;

Thoughts pour in slowly;

The addition of new skills brings in both emotions and mental development;

Those who were lucky enough to live in Auschwitz had little to show for everything, not physical, but psychological resilience;

Spiritual well-being flows into physical well-being;

How to engage the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual levels to achieve one goal, which is related to the development of our characteristics.

RIGHT

Try a little bit to the right. Try NOT to think about that slice of delicious lemon pie. For a couple of minutes, don’t think about those things that happened in your mouth. Go out?

The mind can play an evil fire on us: since we know that there is no harm in thinking about something, then we are caught in the loop of the gateway, which strengthens the defense of the image in place of its weakening. Could you not think about lemon pie because your slinkies were leaking? If we are talking about something negatively, but we want to get busy with something that creates a lot of difficult things (for example, gluttony and chicken), or if we are simply confused and need to be felt, we are in control of ourselves mo taku pastku - a loop of a collar link.

It is very important to overcome strong emotions that can weigh heavily on our thoughts; however, it’s not surprising that these very thoughts, perhaps, evoked such emotions. If you don’t want to think about those that evoke negative feelings, you can further strengthen such thoughts and feelings, as shown by the butt of lemon pie.

Positive psychology helps with understanding by stimulating positive thoughts and positive feelings so that they don’t turn into fighting. To fight and overcome weaknesses and fears, or to discover that we no longer perceive negative emotions and anger, leads to even more negativity.

Knowing your strengths and channeling your emotions in a positive way allows you to enjoy life in what you do - in the short and long term. We can live fulfilling lives, accepting both the “good” and the “bad.”

Significance of choice

Everything that is the subject of positive psychology is related to our way of living and, in our minds, how we live we collect way of living.

Next, we will point out a number of examples of how we gather our evidence of well-being; This is one of these factors, which influences those that we choose and in essence, as we understand and perceive. All these factors are partly your complex, richly-sided features, and only you can change or strengthen those that flow into your choice.

1. What do you require and what do you value? You choose the ones you need. Your main needs may be completely individual; Those are the ones that mean the most to you that you value.

2. Similar reaction. You choose how you react to the behavior of other people and in the environment. Someone else's behavior infuses your choice.

3. So as not to be seen by aphids in groups. You make a choice, because this is what matrimony dictates. You are afraid of those who are afraid of the thoughts of those who are absent. You choose cultural and social norms of behavior.

4. Preserving independence. You choose freely, without any restrictions. You choose a new, bright, wilting and sometimes doubtful one - which is why you should bring mitta malt.

5. Be careful with your mind. You make a logical choice because it seems reasonable to you.

6. Due to the sound. When choosing, you make a lot of noises. You choose mechanically, those who were afraid before, without hesitation.

7. For reasons. You choose those that you understand and that make sense to you. When you understand, why Do you want something, enough of it, to make a choice?

ROZDUM

Positive psychology will tell you what choice most people make and why.

What are you robbing now?

Are you awake and ready for the change?

Are you satisfied with what you are doing, and why do you want more?

Do you live “your” lives or those of others, and have you made such a choice yourself?

Do you have any problems or solutions?

Are you starting to get started and feel like you're in trouble?

Are you so surprised that the next day won’t let you go?

Do you give preference to safety and advantage?

Do you generously “give away” your talents to those who are absent, and do you save your best parts only for those who deserve it?

Do you judge yourself by others and focus your respect on the deepest merciful things in yourselves?

Let's continue.

Section 2 We will also talk about those who are happy and psychologically good and why setting the principles of choice before the hour contributes to your happiness.

Section 3 We understand why it is so important to feel good, why it is necessary to actively seek out positive emotions and how to begin our path to happiness – the sad and the ever-fading. In addition, you will learn to derive more joy and fulfillment from today.

Section has 4 We will explain how to discover your strengths and how to motivate yourself and set goals that truly mean to you.

Section has 5 We have a flexible emotional intelligence, we think about emotions and how we interact with other people from an emotional point of view.

Section has 6 We know how positive psychology is rooted in resilience. You might wonder how changing your way of thinking and how optimism and other strategies help you better cope with minor difficulties and major problems.

Section has 7 We will discuss why people who have a passion and purpose are more satisfied with their lives, and we will learn how to find their purpose and sense of life.

Section has 8 We point out the basic qualities of wise people, and it is also clear why believers are among the happiest, and through spiritual practice you could try to become truly happy.

Section has 9 Let's talk about physical well-being. A healthy mind requires a healthy body.

Section has 10 We know about the ambushes of positive psychology on robots.

Section 2
Happiness and psychological goodness

“If we stopped chasing happiness, then we could enjoy life in a proper way.”

Edith Warton (1862–1937)

In this section, we will look at what really makes us happy and why, for happiness and well-being, we need more rich, short-term nourishment. We will look at the most important factors of well-being and show that happiness and prosperity lie among the six basic psychological needs. In addition, we understand how our soul flows into happiness and well-being and why we need a great choice not to make us happy, but the axis of choice for the benefit of a happy life is to give up.

Those who keep us happy and who we respect under this word, even individual. Happiness is the accompanying “product” of our actions, and it is true that if we are happy, we will achieve greater success in a happy life and at the end of our lives. Let's be so happy. There is a trace of this to understand what it is.

ROZDUM

Once you realize that making you happy will bring you more happiness, do not try to eliminate any more contentment in your life, which, in fact, can actually make you unhappy.

Who thinks it’s lucky to bring such speeches:

A lot of pennies;

Garniy booth;

String figure;

New car;

Nova robot;

New love.

Although all these speeches can be poured into your happiness, their influx is most often short-lived. The right ones are happy and prosperous, richly thinner, their traces are joked by yours in the chinksі thoughts.

Martin Seligman is the president of the Association of American Psychologists and a leader in the scientific field of positive psychology.

Based on the results of extensive research, Martin Seligman presents a modern and practical answer to one of the most ancient and eternal principles: “What is a happy life?”

• Why do we feel positive? What is her role, if not to take into account the fact that the stench brings us a sour mood?
• Which people often and “suffocately” revel in pleasant sensations, and which ones do not? What should you strengthen and what should you weaken?
• How can we expand the spectrum and triviality of such experiences?

The nutritional evidence is endless, and people turn to psychologists after them. Perhaps you are happy if I say that until now psychology has given very little respect to the accepting sides of our life. For every hundred articles about depression, there is only one about happiness. That’s why I put myself under the heading of scientifically supported types of nutrition. Unfortunately, in view of, say, depression, our knowledge about those who become happy is still fragmentary. In some aspects, I can confirm the information with facts, but sometimes I can also refer to recent investigations and dates for the future. So anyway, I will try to inform the readers what I know for sure, and what is missing as a result of my guesses and thoughts. The main purpose of the book is to renew the broken symmetry, combining the widespread knowledge about mental and mental disorders with information about positive emotions and the living virtues of human specialness.

Why do we need to know our advantages and strengths? What better book than a book dedicated to positive psychology, telling readers about hedonics? The hedonist wants his life to have the most happy things and the least unpleasant ones. His happiness revolves around a simple formula: a number of positive moments – minus a number of negative ones. And it’s not just an attempt to get a grip on the ivory: obviously, quite a lot of people approach life this way. I’m fighting, the stench is still pleasing: it is impossible to convict about that one -in -one life - Chi that is at Kino, Chi Vid Start, Chi Odruzhennya - for the sum of Vyprevani Vidchuttiv, and Tim more than Robiti Tsu Miril Tsilogi.

Daniel Kahneman, a renowned psychologist and scholar at Princeton University, is a leading exponent of hedonism, having shown the shortcomings of this theory. The study monitored the psychological reaction to colonoscopy. This low-tech procedure looks like this: a guard device (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum, and then the intestines are moved up and down. The investigation will take a lot of time, and although it takes every bit of money, the patient feels as if eternity is passing. At the hour of one of the experiments, Kahneman assigned some patients (from a total of 682 individuals) to a primary colonoscopy, and to others, adding a statement - however, the colonoscope at that time became indestructible. Without collapsing, the colonoscope works far less than the sick patients, and the patient is guilty of enduring a whole lot more pain than during the initial colonoscopy. However, the number of patients who were ill during the hour of such a procedure gradually subsided, the underlying illness in the last few became less severe, and repeat colonoscopy, not surprisingly, caused less pain in them than in patients first group.

The answer suggests itself: the final part of this and every other episode of our life is especially important, since it itself means a guess about those who were with us, crying out for the vidva to repeat the truth. Below I will try to explain why the theory of hedonism is so kind, and what its implications are.

Well, positive psychology recognizes the happy and unhappy moments of our life, the chimerical mischief they create, as well as the achievements that manifest themselves in people under their influx and signify their share.

The great Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein was, without a doubt, unhappy. I collect your image, but still don’t put it in every photograph, so that the people would laugh (in Dushenov’s style, but I would like it to be different). Wittgenstein was melancholy, quarrelsome, constantly criticizing others and, even more so, himself. During the hour of the seminars, which took place in a cold and sparsely furnished apartment in Cambridge, the philosopher began to move around the room from one place to another, sometimes muttering to himself: “Wittgenstein, Wittgenstein, what a bastard you are.” y vikladach! Prote, the remaining words of the philosopher revealed the main principle of the theory of hedonism. Dying in the attic of the town of Ithaca (New York), he finally said to the masters of the apartment: “Tell everyone that I have lived a wonderful life.”

Find out that you could be connected to any device, for the rest of your life, call you as if you will receive it in advance. Most of those to whom I didn’t preach, I think they were convinced. On the right is that we want not only to feel positive emotions, but to earn their right. And yet, people never cease to come up with a lot of tricks that create a paradise: drugs, chocolate, sex without food, shopping, masturbation and TV - just to name a few. (Just don’t think that I’m telling you to get away, just be convinced that you’re happy with all these things.)

Believe in those that, with the help of such cunning things, it is possible to easily and simply, without much effort, achieve happiness, joy and comfort, to bring down to one thing: thousands of people, who live in our camp, cannot overcome spiritual hunger. Undeservedly Nadlishkov, the superfluous of the inside, the violence of siblings, depressions of I (near the elder) of the priests of the USS: MIRMIAM, so I did not ring the NAYGOLOLL.

The right thing to do is to bring a positive feeling that depends on the results of showing our character, and not on the help of fancy tricks. I myself actually recognized three risks to this when I started reading a course of lectures on positive psychology at the University of Pennsylvania (among others, it turned out to be more useful, not to mention mental disorders, not to mention having taken up the front twenty rocks).

I think I told the students the story of John Haidt, a young and gifted scholar at the University of Virginia. We began our scientific research by studying the physiological reaction of the body, based on our experience with, say, lubricated conics. Then Haidt took up moral investigations, keeping an eye on those who were wearing, say, Hitler's T-shirt. You will find yourself, tired of the negativity, having become increasingly angry, until you feel like you are just sick, then you will be presented with it. Now Haidt is collecting information about how people accept the manifestations of the deepest powers of human nature - as it happens, if they want to do good in their presence. Like a butt, I told the story of a 18-year-old freshman student at the University of Virginia: “As if on a snowy winter night, our car turned home after the beneficial work at the entrance of the Army. Walking along the street, we heard an elderly woman clearing the road to the booth with a shovel. One young man from our company asked the water to stand up and get out. Everyone believed that he just wanted to cut the roads. And the boy immediately caught sight of grandma’s shovel and started helping her clear the snow! My chest rose to my throat and tears welled up in my eyes. I would like to hear about this incident. I didn’t have a lot of fun with this guy.”

My students were seriously tsking, but maybe it’s true that people should pay good attention to happy people instead of contentment? After a loud dispute, the skins were torn away until

for the upcoming seminar: do something for the sake of happiness and happiness for others, and then describe your feelings.

The results turned out to be disappointing: the basic joys of life (bathing with friends, going to the cinema or ice cream parlor) faded away from the quiet feelings that the boys knew, having made a good business. Moreover, while the rest were spontaneous, the students sensed the specialness of the present. One girl grew up when her little nephew called her and asked for help with her arithmetic problems. Having worked with him for a year, the girl, behind her words, was a mystery all day, and people were better than her. Another classmate of his learned that he entered the University of Pennsylvania in order to learn how to earn money and become happy, but now he is in the mood to develop a mind that will help people in his better, lower and new things in stores.

Good accomplishments are accompanied by satisfaction, which is not expected, since we are too timid for satisfaction. As difficult as it is, we reveal the greatest challenges to our character. If we feel happy, having discovered the best nuts, life begins to feel right.

An act of true kindness is not accompanied by any obvious expression - for example, I am happy. Well, at such moments there is a place of self-surrender and self-forgetfulness. The hour is ticking by.

“To understand how happiness comes about, it is necessary to give joy to the powers of human nature. Part of the book is dedicated to a friend. They themselves will feel better about speaking about our camp, without upsetting the authorities. At the end of the day, there are differences in character - both positive and negative qualities that constantly appear in various situations. The peculiarities of the character of the building will be awakened from time to time every day. For example, paranoid behavior can give rise to jealousy and arrogance, which seems to give humor the ability to laugh in the soul. Honesty and achievements of power are entirely positive, and they evoke satisfaction and promote a somber mood. In their opinion, the same kind of character, such as optimism, is depicted in the autobiographies of fortune-tellers, meaning their long life. Optimists respect the dashing appearance of the past, the right and the powerful regardless of the current situation. The sadness is that there will be no end to the troubles, that as a result they have nothing left and nothing can be corrected.

To understand how optimistic there is about longevity, the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, conducted an experiment that collected data from 839 patients who had undergone treatment forty years ago. On the other hand, upon entering the clinic, patients are required to undergo psychological tests, including a test for optimism. Of the total number of patients, 200 individuals did not live to see 2000, with which the life expectancy of optimists by 19% exceeded the term of life of pessimists - a result similar to what we had previously observed in the fall with blueberries.

Optimism is just one of the many character characteristics that help people live happily. George Vaillant, a depositary at Harvard University, dedicated his entire life to the fight against such powers and specialness. Vin calls them in mature ways zakhistu. These authorities include altruism, work does not require meeting payments for good deeds, turbo-charge about the future and humor. Some people don’t dream of these vicious things - for the most part, they just don’t grow up, but in other mature ways, the methods of protection appear above the world. Vaiana's subsidiaries - perhaps everyone who started at Harvard from 1939 to 1943 and also 456 residents of Boston (mostly in the center). For centuries, they have launched their cautions in the wake of the thirties of the last century, when all these people were subordinates, and continue them until now, looming on the right with the nineties. In Vaian’s opinion, keeping a long life means a stable income, physical health and the joy of life. Thus, the title of “mature people for protection” became indicators of longevity both in the first group below the last (most importantly white Protestants), and in the other, mixed ones. Of the 76 members of the other group (Bostonians), who in their youth often practiced these methods, 95% of them were accustomed to moving important furniture, chopping wood, walking on foot for at least two miles, and climbing a third mountain without special zusil. And of the 68 members of the other group, who did not show such viciousness, only 53% were able to escape from these missions.

How many positive powers can you see in people? Positive psychology has selected just twenty. Hello why? Based on research conducted in 1936, 18 thousand words of English language are used to determine the character of the character. Which of them do clinical psychologists and psychiatrists need to choose in order to develop a new system that has a place in positive psychology that is similar to the conventional classification of mental disorders?

The three main criteria for selecting positive characteristics of human character are:

• the stench may be recognized by all peoples of the world;
• to value the power of power, and not to deprive oneself of achieving any goals;
• the stinks are toil buti are developing, but they are not so congenital.

In this manner, the distinguished intelligence and absolute musical ear are turned off, the fragments given to people by nature. Punctuality can be learned, but, like an ear for music, it does not have any advantage (for example, increased efficiency of work) and is not valued in every culture.

Traditional psychology inveterately ignores honesty, but religion and philosophy give it great importance. It’s a miracle that the traditions of different times and peoples have human virtues that are very similar to each other. Confucius, Aristotle, Homa Aquinas, the code of honor of the samurai, the Bhagavad Gita and other texts, differing on details, unanimously name six basic honors:

• Wisdom and knowledge
• Masculinity
• Kohannya and peopleliness
• Justice
• Mortality
• Spirituality

Initially, the skin of these basic conditions is connected with a whole set of positive qualities. Wisdom, for example, besides everything else, includes completeness, importance of reading, originality of thought and creativity in the future, or the so-called perspective view. Lyubov conveys kindness, generosity, tenderness, sweetness.

The uniformity that is revealed by the peoples of different cultures and eras is clearly not unique and is a support for our research.

In physiology, it is customary to distinguish between the tonic activity of the muscle, when it is active, and the phase activity, when the vibrating energy of the muscle is stressed and strained. Most psychological research is based on the learned tonic activity of the human psyche. The level of introversion, the coefficient of intelligence, depression and anger are assessed during live tests, and then the psychometrist is able to convey how tests will perform in extreme situations. y situation. How effective is this approach? How does the high IQ of a spy worker allow him to work on those who can respond responsively to the client’s problem? How can the characteristics of subtle depression be used to judge how a person feels after illness? Zagalnyj vysnovok: it is impossible to rely entirely on tonic indicators.

A psychologist has learned a lot that often people with a high intellectual coefficient turn out to be failures, and many people with a low IQ cope miraculously with any problems. And all of Milkov’s forecasts point to the fact that the tonic phases can hardly be called carriers of phase changes. I call this inaccuracy of psychological forecasting the Harry Truman effect. Remaining in the shadows for a long time, until after the death of Roosevelt, to great glory, having earned a disastrous career as one of the most prominent presidents in the history of the United States.

In a victorious environment - the axis that significantly signifies human success. In the struggle for survival, people who had little power, handed it over to the people. Tonic characteristics - the severity of depression, troublesome sleep and waistlines - do not play a special role in any case - at least they interfere with the creation of the Truman effect. Without a doubt, each of us has a weakened nature due to our ancestors, which we do not suspect, until the conditions do not prevent them from appearing. Kindness, kindness, dedication and spirituality can be traced to subtle powers: people can demonstrate them a hundred times a day. Well, zeal, justice and enthusiasm are characteristics of the phase. It’s not easy for a person to understand in everyday life, especially in a situation where a plane has been buried by terrorists. But one single phase situation is enough to understand how good people are. Why are we talking so much about the generation of the Other Light War? Not because these people were not like us. It’s just that important tests made it difficult to open them up before the perfect hour.

Analyzing the character of power, you will understand that the figures of power in power are of significant importance to you, just as others are of even lesser importance. I call the first ones individual virtues. I will teach you to tease them out of the other rows of characters of the character or that which is not in your power. I don’t think that people can waste a lot of energy trying to correct their weaknesses. In my opinion, success and satisfaction come when we develop individual achievements that are characteristic of us. Those who reveal them are discussed in another part of the book.

In the third part we will discuss important philosophical nutrition - what is a happy life? In my opinion, we’ll be happy to finish it simply. If you drink champagne and drive a Porsche, it’s not necessarily a happy life. Happily live the one who realizes her individual achievements and derives from this satisfaction, regardless of what she does - career, family or creativity.

Those who feel that bringing us a variety of individual honors is the truest happiness. Obviously, the “good life” is essential to the realization of our virtues, and behind this there is even more and more significance. Just as the life of “good” (or one day) overturns the life of “reception”, the life of life is more meaningful after the day of life.

How does positive psychology help you to know the meaning and live not only happily, but also meaningfully? Perhaps, not ready to fully discuss the theory of a meaningful life here, I’ll just say that the main thing is oriented higher, lower power and sleep. Then, depending on how great the whole thing we sometimes respect, our life finds its high place. Today, many of us in our hustle and bustle feel that life is evolving into New Age philosophy and religion. The stench smells like a miracle, a divine gift. It’s a pity, in my opinion, that there’s nothing more to say about non-Gamerian sprague, and also about those that modern psychology gives a lot of respect to the treatment of pathologies.

First of all, please let me present to your respects a small, but very brown test. As revealed by Michael W. Fordyce and already tested by tens of thousands of our members. All of his books can be found on the website www.authentichappiness.org. If you log in to the website, you can compare your results with the results of other respondents of the same age, statistics and information. If you are equal to yourself with others, do not forget: the jokes of happiness are not false, and your love is more likely to raise the bar of power.

Today I work at a desk in my laboratory, in a rural cabin in New York State, and I no longer need to think about the influx of this hopelessness into mental disorders. The work that brought me the first grant, the same work for thirty years, was carried out in the direction of the criminal directly, like the recuperation of mental disorders. After a few years of research on dogs and dogs, the researchers moved on to the treatment of depression in people. Ten years later, the students’ depression also stopped affecting them. On the right, in the third edition of the diagnostic and statistical report of the American Association of Psychiatrists, depression was identified as a mental disorder: only for the presence of the patient as a minimum of heel From nine serious symptoms, the doctor recognizes that a person is suffering from depression. Thus, students, who are engaged in employment, were not taken into account by illness and were no longer suitable as material for research that was financed. In addition, as more and more psychologists obeyed the new law - to deal only with those who are officially ill, academic psychology gave in to positions that were widely heard by psychiatrists - fakhivts. I fell seriously ill. Psychiatrist Thomas Schasz is a perceptive and sharp-tongued man whose statement I respect: “Psychology is madness and a pale copy of what is called psychiatry.”

Before the speech, the new developments in psychiatry brought a lot of pain to patients. In 1945, there were simply no methods for treating mental illnesses. We tried it timidly, but without much success. Treatment of mental traumas from childhood did not help to develop schizophrenia (as shown in the film “David and Lisa”), and frequent removal of the frontal cerebral palsies did not lead to depression (although the Portuguese psychiatrist Anton io Monits won the prize for the birth of 1949 ). At once, after fifty years, with the help of medicine and psychotherapy, doctors achieve significant success in treating fourteen mental disorders. Two of them, in my opinion, can be completely targeted – these are called panic syndrome and fear of blood and injury. (My book What You Can Change and What You Can't was published in 1994, which describes in detail the achievements of day-to-day therapy.) Today, we can accurately diagnose the severity and severity of such illnesses, such as depression, schizophrenia and alcoholism, their ongoing developments throughout the patient’s life. Experiments allowed us to accommodate episodic factors. , which is financed by the NIPP, which has spent nearly ten billion dollars on them.

For me, the fates were not in vain. Due to extreme mental discord, for thirty years I have been steadily withdrawing grants to investigate the phenomenon of growing hopelessness in creatures, and then in people. Step by step, my colleagues and I came to the conclusion that hopelessness had set in - a kind of unipolar depression, not complicated by manic psychosis. The symptoms, causes and methods of therapy are very similar here. People who suffer from depression, and those who are not in the mindset of any problem (a typical form of full-blown hopelessness), are however passive, more intense, feel anxiety and depression. There is hopelessness and depression associated with a deficiency of these very chemical substances in the brain, and drugs that help to “recognize” unipolar depression in people, to alleviate the state of growing hopelessness in creatures.

In the depths of my soul, I have always felt that the growing shortage of chemical substances is of unjustifiably great significance. As a psychotherapist, I am familiar with the successful treatment of mental illnesses with the help of medications, and I also know patients whose bodies have become richer and without pills. Positive changes in the patient’s body occur when they begin to believe in the power of power. So, the patient, who survived the collapse, comes out of depression, having realized that in the past everything cannot be changed, then the future is in her hands. Another patient understands that, no matter how good the accountant is, clients still value him for his prudence and respect. Another patient, having taken a fresh look at her life, ceases to feel the low unhappiness in it. All this brings me to the point that the song of power of human nature, which develops in psychotherapy sessions, becomes a kind of protector, a buffer that will prevent the manifestation of many discords, the names of which I so hesitantly write down on the forms of insurance companies. The axis of only treatment methods with an emphasis on the positive power of the patient’s character does not yet fit into the formal scheme, as all mental disorders are treated with medicines to restore the deficiency of one or another chemical an important component of the brain.

Today, the results of the decimal studies due to the growing hopelessness appear in the new world. As it turns out, not all people and dogs feel hopeless in the face of an inevitable shock, and not all people give up when faced with an intractable problem. At least one out of three doesn’t work, no matter what. Then one out of eight shows complete hopelessness even before the experiment begins. At first I tried to ignore this pattern, but after ten years of caution it was impossible not to take it seriously. What prevents some people from showing character and fighting against hopelessness, and others from falling into lack of will, having caught the first pressure of difficulties?

“Evolution and a positive feeling

According to traditional psychology, something positive attracts us to some particularity of an object, but something negative attracts us to something else. The pleasant smell of the oven, which is cooking, draws us to the oven, and having caught the smell of sewage, we hasten to go to the other sidewalk. However, amoebas and worms, reacting by instinct, are attracted to what and what to avoid, not perceiving any special feelings. At every stage of evolution, complex organisms developed emotional distress. What's next?

The fact that nutrition is not easy will help us to balance negative and positive feelings. Negative reactions - fear, sum, anger - lie to the first line of defense of the body in the face of an external threat. Fear is a signal of insecurity, confusion - the feeling of loss, anger - extreme dissatisfaction with how to live out of nowhere. Carelessness, waste and “wrong” behavior, in the view of evolution, pose a threat to the survival of the species.

Moreover, the external threat itself is a game of victory or defeat: if someone has captured the mountain, his opponent inevitably recognizes a fiasco. This is very similar to tennis: when one of the players gets points, he loses them. The same thing happens when two children share a chocolate bar. In such games, negative emotions are always valued, and the more important the result, the more strongly the passions are inflamed. The most beautiful example of such a game is the evolutionary struggle for survival. They will always be accompanied by negative feelings, and in extreme cases. Natural selection lifts them to the edge. Those of our ancestors who felt negative emotions especially strongly were the ones who struggled and struggled the most. Together, the genes and the stench were transferred to the land.

The skin seems to be composed of four components: emotional, sensory, pink and physical. An emotive component of all negative feelings based on antipathy: fear, fear, hatred, etc. Like sounds, visual images and smells, they seem to invade our familiarity, dimming everything else. The stinks are ahead of us, so that we will have to overcome or lose, mobilizing all our forces for the next day. The stinks become bitter and focus respect, robbing you in a highly direct manner. It’s important for us to take care of the grooming, and not the grooming of our opponent. The result is Swedish and decisive actions.

The whole thing (besides the sensory part, perhaps) is flawless, which has long since become boring, since Darwin’s time it has become an axiom of the evolutionary suppression of negative emotions. It’s surprising, however, that with whom it was not possible to realize how the problems and developments seemed to be positive.

There are different phenomena and epiphenomena. When you press on the accelerator of a car, a phenomenon arises that the lance pulls behind you, leading to increased speed. The epiphenomenon is the speedometer reading. The stench is beyond the imagination of those who are dying, who are witnessing about those whose liquidity has grown. Vcheni-behaviorists - such as B.F. Skinner - were trying to achieve a good fifty rocks, they felt - beyond the epiphenomenon, the foam on the top of the cappuccino of our toppings. It turns out that if you are walking like a bear, then it is not fear that is destroying you. To the thought of many of us, fear is a legacy. It plays the role of a speedometer, but not an engine.

I have never seen such glances, although I worked every hour at the behavioral laboratory. The experience of the present hopelessness has convinced me that behaviorists deeply have mercy. Both creatures and people are accustomed to catching complex connections between subjects (such as “everything I don’t buy is worth it”) and to predict the future (“I didn’t manage to earn anything yesterday, so today I have I say nothing again You can’t see it.”). Assessing a situation is a rational process, and the decision to move this situation into the future transfers the process of rational assessment. Once hopelessness is rejected, it cannot be considered as an epiphenomenon, but it urges a person to take active action, which will completely change the behavior pattern. Praises about the growing hopelessness helped to break the box of behaviorism, and in the 1970s, cognitive psychology began to panic in academic science.

I am absolutely convinced that negative attitudes (so-called dysphoria) are by no means epiphenomena. The arguments of the evolutionary theory are endless: turmoil and depression signify waste, and they tempt people to fight, fold their arms, and in some cases commit suicide. Anxiety and fear of worrying about insecurity, threatening us, hiding and hiding. Anger is not only a reaction to an image, but also requires punishing the perpetrator in order to restore justice.

Surprisingly, I never dreamed of believing this same logic of positive feelings both in theory and in real life. The feeling of happiness, the warm mood, the splash of enthusiasm, the feeling of moisture and joy were lost for the most part by the froth on the surface of the cappuccino. I do not believe that these emotions can change behavior patterns and they can be developed, since, of course, you are not already endowed with such grace as a people. In the book The Optimistic Child, I wrote that the feeling of moisture and happiness is just a side effect of the beautiful relationship with too much light. The miracle mother will feel the moisture, if you want to develop it, first of all you will benefit from those who are leaving you, which means losing your goal and purpose. So I accepted it.

I have always been amazed that such beautiful gifts seem to bring me so rarely and unexpectedly. I didn’t share these cautions with anyone and felt like a black sheep until I read about one study of positive and negative effects. The work, published at the University of Minnesota, showed that such character traits as zest for life (which is a positive effect) are always transmitted during recessions. Just as one of the twin girls has a cheerful character (or, perhaps, a melancholy one), it is also perhaps melodious that they are attracted to their sisters. If only half of the genes are avoided by the twins, the likelihood of avoiding the temperament (effectiveness) of the stink is even small.

What are your positive and negative effects? Try installing the following PANAS test, developed by David Watson, Lee Anna Clarke and Ok Tellegen. Hey, don’t be mean to you by your scientific name! It's really just that reliable. Make sure you rely on the book, or go to the website www.authentichappiness.org.

Mitt's test for positive and negative affectivity

The test is a scale of physical activity and emotion. Read the current values ​​and evaluate the level of your appearance at this moment on a five-point scale (1 - a little or not at all, 2 - a little, 3 - moderately, 4 - sufficiently, 5 - strongly). Place your ratings in order of these authorities.

Zatsikavlennya (PA)	Rozdratuvannya (NA)
Zasmuchennya (NA)	Badyorist (PA)
Occupancy (PA)	Sorom (NA)
Anxiety (NA)	Nathnennya (PA)
Indestructibility (PA)	Zanopokennya (NA)
Almost sorry (HA)	Resolution (PA)
Pereljak (NA)	Uvaga (PA)
Enchantment (NA)	Nervousness (NA)
Enthusiasm (PA)	Activity (PA)
Pride (PA)	Fear (NA)

To determine the results of the test, sum up your ratings of ten positive (PA) and, in addition, ten negative (NA) affects. You will get two sub-sum numbers, each not less than 10 and not more than 50 points.

Such people have a great reserve of positive efficiency and do not waste it all their lives. They may once again be in a great mood, life will bring them satisfaction and joy. For others, everything is inaccessible - to pass by the evil one day after day. And when success comes, people are not happy.

Most of us are in the middle between two extremes. The manifestations of anger and depression in people of different constitutions have long been established, but I hope that no one has yet engaged in a similar classification of positive emotions.

I believe that the course of our emotional life is determined by genetic kermovy. Since our route does not lie through the sleepy seas, we are unlikely to change our minds in order to become happy. All that we can do - and I myself am so hopeful - is to come to terms with the cold climate and firmly follow the course of positive efficiency, otherwise it will give us endless amazing benefits.

I have a friend, Lyon, who is a less lively person than I am. However, success is achievable. Being the head manager of a company that sells valuable papers, Lyon earned millions of dollars and, what’s more impressive, became the American bridge champion more than once, and he was not yet thirty! Beauty, sparkling specialness and enviable names, in the special life of Lyon, he suffered one fiasco after another. As I already said, people are closed and perhaps spared the positive affect. I remember how Lyon played in the great bridge tournament: he laughed a little and stood up and marveled at the football match alone with himself. At the same time, Lyon is not at all an ordinary egoist. Vin, at the very least, reacts sensitively to the emotions and groans of those who are distant, always sensitive - everyone seems to think that he is “good” - he just doesn’t need to succumb to emotions.

The women that Lyon saw were not allowed to do this. There was no warmth in sight! Hungry for life, one rarely laughs. “There’s nothing wrong with you, Lyon,” the women repeated. Sensitive to such oddities, he became a psychoanalyst in New York five years ago. “What’s wrong with you, Lyon,” the psychoanalyst echoed to the women and tried to figure out how childhood trauma suppresses the positive perceptions of her patient. But psychoanalysis didn’t help: Lena didn’t have any injuries.

Everything was true. Simply, through its constitution, Lyon reaches a group of people with reduced positive affectivity. And there are a lot of such veins, and even for natural selection, the variety of emotions is no less valuable, and there is less of them in excess. During these episodes, the calm Lena gave him great advantages. To win a bridge championship or successfully trade valuable papers, you need a rare cold-bloodedness. However, modern American women deserve a vigorous zest for life. Ten years ago Lyon came to me for joy, as they were, and I said that it’s a sense to move to Europe, where he will drink on the turbulent fun and other external manifestations of emotions have not yet been envied. Nini Lyon is happily friends. The moral is clear: people as a whole can be happy, but there is no need to be emotional.

Development of intelligence

I, like Olena, marveled that I felt few positive feelings. On that day, when Nikki and I laid the beds in the garden, I already knew that my statements about her role as Milkova, aka Barbara Fredrickson, a lecturer at the University of Michigan, were going to be precisely formulated and conveyed: in positive feelings, cr. I don't care what the stink creates high spirits, and even more important recognition.

The Templeton Prize is awarded to young people (under forty years old) for the best work in the field of positive psychology. The largest prize is available to a scientist-psychologist (100 TOD), and I had to be recognized by the selection committee. Today, in 2000, we recognized Barbara Fredrickson for pioneering the theory of positive emotions. Having first read this work, I flew headlong to another one and loudly shouted to my friends: Mandi, this is a revolution in science! Hire for such a pessimist like me.

Fredrickson argues that positive emotions play a vital role in the process of evolution. They will advance our intellectual, physical and social abilities and create reserves that are always available in times of threat and need. If you have a positive attitude, people show great sympathy, and it is easier to establish friendships, love, or other relationships with them. Negative emotions act as barriers. And with the influx of positivity, we become kinder, more tolerant, approach any problem creatively, and are open to new ideas and hostility.

A number of simple, but rather complicated, examples indicate that the innovative theory of Barbara Fredrickson is scientifically grounded. Let’s say you have a box of buttons, a candle, and a package of cardboard cheesecakes. You need to attach the candle to the wall so that the wax does not drip onto the base. Here you need to show some creativity: remove the buttons, attach the empty box to the wall with them and place a candle in it, like a candle holder. Understand that before you take away the task, they will try to elicit positive emotions from you - treat you with succulents, let them swallow some comic books, or ask you to read them out loud in a verbal manner. The skin from these treatments is sure to produce positive reactions, and they will help you creatively reach your goal.

And the axis is another experiment: it is best to determine whether the same word belongs to a given category, for example, to “transfer methods.” Having sensed the word “car” or “flight”, the respondents mittevo confirm. However, when it comes to the “elevator” there are difficulties that arise, most people are confused, first of all. However, since in the previous experiment, people were previously trained in a positive way, the idea is working faster. So just trying it out is easy to cope with the tasks, to know the significance, and for many people to understand. For example, to understand “gorobets” and “sleeve” one of the variants will be “shot”: shot horobets, shot sleeve.

With the influx of positive emotions, an intellectual outburst occurs both in small children and in advanced therapists. Several children were asked to guess in thirty seconds what they would like to “catch” or “sit and laugh” about on the table at the reception. (Become high-energy and low-energy vitality.) Then all the children were given a test on the different shapes of objects, and the offending groups (high-energy and low-energy) fought more successfully for these children, but they did not laugh Alice. Participants in another part of the experiment - 44 doctors - were divided into three groups. In one group, each person was given a bag of chickpeas, in another group they were asked to read out loud a humanistic discourse about medicine, and the third group became the control group. Then the participants in the experiment were asked to diagnose a patient who was suffering from liver disease, which is important to recognize. At this point, the doctors were asked to keep their voices quiet. The best indicators were those of the chickweeds: the stinkers were more able to recognize illness and make a diagnosis more accurately. With whom no one showed anything of a powerful, cheerful, frivolous air of importance.

Are you happy and stupid?

The results of the well-known experiment are, of course, disappointing, but is it not for nothing that lively people are traditionally regarded as lightly important? Jokes about bad blondes have long become a joke for sensible, or even less popular, dark-haired women. In class, I was respected as a “boring nerd,” but later I smiled at the thought more than once, noting that my especially “life-loving” classmates did not fly that high after college. A thought about those that optimism is unimportant, come from an authoritative source.

The founder of pragmatism, C. S. Pierce, wrote in 1878 that thoughts and doubts develop. We are not confused and we are aware of what is expected to happen until it happens. A person lives a long life as long as there is no trouble on the road, and only when a stone is rubbed in a sandal does one begin to ponder and analyze.

Exactly a hundred years later, Lauren Alloy and Lynn Abramson (both young, wealthy students) experimentally confirmed what Pierce said. When it happened like this: groups of students put a lot of effort into controlling the green light. Some of them, having taken away ultimate control: if people pressed the button, burning the light, and if they didn’t touch the button, then the light wouldn’t burn. For other students, the light turned on and off regardless of whether they pressed the button or not. Then all students were asked to what extent the lights were turned on in their activities. Those who suffered from depression responded even more accurately, having realized when they pressed the button for nothing, and when they didn’t. The students, who were in a good mood, encouraged the experimenters. They also correctly misinterpreted those moments, if they themselves turned on the light, and in 35% of cases, if the light was not turned on, they all respected that they were on fire for their team. In a word, people who were wise to depression turned out to be wiser and wiser than cheerful people.

Recently, new evidence has been found that people of a depressed mindset are more realistic about life. It’s more objective to judge your abilities, so you can re-evaluate yourself as fun and happy. 80% of Americans do not doubt that social security skills are better than average. Most workers respect that the results of their work are still above average, and most drivers - perhaps those who were lost in an accident - again respect themselves as aces.

Cheerful people tend to remember more pleasant events, less often than not, and tend to forget nearby episodes. It is doubtful that people, however, accurately record both. Cheerful people tend to single-handedly accept successes and failures: they attribute success to themselves, respectfully, that the light will never end and now they can handle everything, then any puncture is attributed to those who have left, and so is the cover of others bnitsya. Melancholic people need to objectively evaluate both their successes and the presence of others.

Thus, in a different situation, an optimist can, in truth, appear to be “empty-headed.” But it's not that simple. At the moment, the theory of “depressive objectivity” is being strongly opposed. There are too many incidents from everyday practice to be noted. Lisa Aspinwall (a graduate of the University of Utah, awarded the Templeton Prize of another level in 2000) has collected a lot of evidence that, when making important decisions in life, people are happy to be reasonable and, lower melancholic. The experiment was carried out at the footsteps. Dr. Aspinwall familiarized her colleagues with unpleasant information about factors that could potentially threaten their health: kavi lovers - with articles about infusing caffeine on the development of breast cancer, sedative bath users - According to statistical data about the unexpected influx of sleepy exchanges, their role has been created. In this case, the researcher divided the respondents into cheerful and funny ones - with the help of special tests for optimism and additional stimulation of positive feelings. Then Aspinwall encouraged everyone to read the article and after a period of time, she would remember what she had read. It turned out that the optimists remembered richly more alarming information and respected its inconsistency, less likely than the melancholic people.

The results of the discussion about those who are intelligent can be formulated in this way. Most optimistic minds rely on their abundant positive evidence, while pessimism is based on skepticism. Let the light not get stuck in the axle for ten weeks, no matter how much you press the button, the optimist respects that the time will be right and the electrician will get along. However, if the situation becomes dangerous (“three cups of kava a day will increase the risk of contracting breast cancer”), it is advisable to immediately change tactics, adopting a skeptical and analytical approach to life.

From all these experiments, one basic lesson can be developed: a positive mood sets a special way of thinking. Over the course of thirty years of work at the Faculty of Psychology, I came to notice that discussions carried out in gloomy gray classrooms among always grumpy and dissatisfied students, as a rule, give zero results. Truth: it is necessary to determine which of the many candidates can be accepted into the team, but none will be accepted, leaving each applicant with a few shortcomings. So, over the course of thirty years, we have nurtured dozens of candidates for young investors, who later became miraculously talented psychologists, and even celebrities in the world.

Well, a cold negative mood activates a critical way of thinking: a person is tempted to figure out what is wrong, and then solve the problem. A positive attitude, in its own way, is associated with a constructive, creative and tolerant approach, when one sees advantages rather than disadvantages. It is not excluded that positive thoughts arise in another part of the brain as a result of completely different, special neurochemical processes.

Raju read and his/her own mind will be properly adjusted. For example, if you want to save money, fill out a tax return, make decisions about quitting a job, analyze love failures, prepare for an audit, edit text for a friend or choose an initial mortgage - without critical There's no way around it. The best way to do this type of work is during the daytime, sitting on a chair with a straight back in a quiet and modestly furnished room. This is exactly the kind of thing that will help you to praise the best decision.

There are a lot of problems that require a creative approach. This includes planning a trading campaign, farming (in its best manifestations), the beginning of a new career, a decision to make friends, write a book and everything related to the desire for non-magical sports. In such a situation, a situation can help to raise the tone: a comfortable chair, sounds of reception music, sleepy weather, fresh wind. And try to be considered by those whom you respect as reliable, good-natured and unselfish people.

Optimism and physical resources

High-energy positive emotions, such as joy, create a playful mood in people, and the game helps to develop physically. Young chipmunks, playfully, run at borderline speed, feed, move straight ahead in the wind and, having landed, run into another bank. Young birds, as a result, cut down young trees that are dying under the attack of animals and catapult them wherever they happen to be. Virgos, chipmunks and mawpi vikoristovuyu themselves accept, so as to hide from the huts. Obviously, the game helps to develop the muscles and the cardiac-vascular system, so that they can successfully swim, quickly avoid troubles, fight against enemies and fight for the female.

Health and longevity are also indicators of the physical resources of the body. It has been proven that there are other positive emotions. At the hour of one of the largest large-scale surveys, 2,282 Mexican-Americans underwent demographic and emotional testing, and then lived under the gaze of their predecessors for two years. A range of positive emotions, recorded by tests, with certainty allowing the transmission of possible disability or death of the participant in the study. Doctors age, income, light, vaga, chicken, alcohol abuse and illnesses below the last, psychologists have come to the conclusion that the likelihood of death and disability among living happy people is twofold mensch. Following the results of other investigations, positive emotions are protected from the heavy legacy of the past. It is clear that the blueberries, whose autobiographies were written in light and cheerful tones, lived longer and happier lives and that the optimists from the Mayo Clinic lived longer than the pessimists. And also those that living people have a low pressure and a low immunity. Having added to this point Aspinol about receiving information important for health, we conclude that optimism, without a doubt, lasts a long life and improves health.

Practicality

One of the most important factors in health and longevity is efficiency. It is important to say what is primary in this situation: that the satisfaction of working with people’s happiness increases, and that natural vitality allows one to enjoy one’s work more. This fact is overshadowed by the fact: people with a positive attitude are satisfied with their work more often than others.

The research shows that a positive mood promotes success, and as a result, is associated with financial well-being. At the hour of one of the experiments, 272 volunteers were tested for positive emotions, and then they looked at their performance indicators for the remaining eighteen months. Lively people received more praise from their superiors, and their earnings increased. Based on the results of serious research among the Australian pentadecimals, optimism significantly promotes the ability to do good work and achieve success.

What is more important – livability or efficiency? Trying to get rid of the feedback on the food chain during a special investigation, the artificially created burning mood and the resulting results have already revealed that in a good mood and adulthood, and children set themselves before themselves the most important thing, or rather right to continue to work on the ties of any laboratory work (for example, on deciphering anagrams).

Lively people in important settings

Optimism shows great stability in the course of unacceptable tests. How long would you be able to wash your hand next to a bucket of cold water? The average person can tolerate between 60 and 90 seconds. Rick Snyder, a Kansas native and one of the pioneers of positive psychology, conducted a live-streaming experiment with Good Morning America. Initially, the protestors were protesting with programs based on positive emotions. One of them, Charles Gibson, surpassed all others with his optimism. Then, directly from the skin, lowering your hand from the krizhan water. Everyone around Gibson entered without waiting for 90 seconds. As they sat and laughed, lowering their hand to the water, the docks did not voice the commercial break.

Happy people are no less able to endure pain and are more likely to report their health and safety - positive emotions help neutralize negativity. Barbara

Fredrickson showed the students a clip from the film “The Cornice”, where a person, standing behind the wall, walking along the cornice, at some moment stumbles and hangs at a majestic height. All the peepers saw their pulses rise sharply. After this, the students were encouraged to watch one of four videos: a calm storyline “Khvili”, a humorous one – “Tsutsenya”, a neutral one – “Sticks”, and a sumptuous one – “Crying”. “Schunya” and “Khvili” normalized the heartbeat of the peepers, and with “Crying” the pulse became even faster.

Development of social skills

My young daughter, Carly Dylan, began to develop her first memories in seven years. Lying in her mother’s arms, she looked at her breasts, marveled at her face and laughed. My friend Mandi beamed and grinned at the witness, and the little one’s chuckle became even wider. This exchange of laughs throughout everyday life binds mothers and children, creating the basis of warm mutual relations. A fast-growing, happy child outperforms its peers in almost every way, including ease, independence, complementarity, enthusiasm and guilt. Mindfully recognize and clearly identify positive emotions - the foundation of any kind, the basis of love and friendship. I never realized that my closest friends are not my work colleagues (even though we like each other and spend hours together), not wise intellectuals, but partners in poker, bridge and volleyball.

Vinyatok confirms the rule. People who suffer from Mobius syndrome - paralysis of the facial muscles - have reduced ability to express emotions: in the hour of the most heartfelt revelation, their appearance becomes cold and indestructible, like a mask. It’s not surprising that it’s important for such people to joke with their friends. As soon as the natural lance is destroyed: positive emotions - their expression - positive emotions in the audience, the music comes from our drains.

Call on psychologists to trace pathologies: they detect the most gloomy and angry people and ask them to tell them about themselves. I have been doing this for a good twenty years now. And recently, Ed Diner and I decided to go beyond the stereotype - to evaluate the particular characteristics and way of life of the most optimistic representatives of the human race. We were inspired by 222 students and set the level of their life according to six parameters. In this way, we chose 22 of the most positive people and began to work with them.

“The most joyful” students were seen as depressed and depressed by the head rank that led a completely self-indulgent and intense social life. They spent less than an hour on their own and much more with their spouses, taking on miraculous characteristics among friends and acquaintances. All twenty-two respondents admitted that they had a girl or a young woman. On average, three more than average students earned money, but in other cases, “the most gratifying” ones were not particularly distinguished from their classmates: in their life there were approximately the same number of summaries and for the sake of the smells, the stench, they spent about an hour sleeping, watching TV programs, sports, chicken, drinking or going to church. The investigators were able to demonstrate that lively people have more acquaintances and close friends, they make friends more often and more actively take part in public affairs.

About the pursuit of those who are satisfied

Another step for increasing life's joy is connected with the so-called pursuit of satisfaction: we are always talking about the good things we have, and we are talking about new toys. As we take away more and more material goods, our needs are gradually growing. Those who, when it seemed like the border of death, no longer satisfied us - we want something else. And now it’s impossible for us to reach the new level, as we, having been forced, are far away. It would be impossible for the investigation to show that it is the same on the right.

If it weren’t for the race for satisfaction, people who have accumulated more of life’s goods would, melodiously, feel happy for those who have nothing. Ale, as it was explained, both of them are happy and unhappy, approximately the same. Achievements and material benefits, as it is not surprising, propel the zealous rush of happiness insignificantly and even more unsustainably. Judge for yourself:

• Less than three months later, serious events - promotions and promotions - no longer affect our mood.
• Wealth, although wonderful, may not be the same as happiness. The average rich person has less than a little happiness for the poor.
• Real incomes of the population of the guilty countries have increased sharply over the past fifty years, but the level of satisfaction among residents has been lost both in the United States and in Europe.
• The recent increase in wages stimulates job satisfaction, but the average wage level does not increase.
• Physical affluence, like wealth, which implies various advantages, is connected with a good mood.
• Physical health (certainly the most important thing we know) is practically not connected with the light and joyful aspects of life.

Prote the possibility of calling to the worst limit. It’s important to ring the bell before these days. Thus, the death of a child or a person continues to be tormented after four to seven fates, and people who have experienced it cannot come to you. For those who care about Alzheimer's patients, it seems that the mood of their patients is only going downhill. People who live in very poor countries - such as India and Nigeria - seem to be much less happy, while those living in rich and guilty countries, although angry at the gatherings in Africa - on the right, especially in peace.

What can they say, the decline in the flow of happiness is changing - it is difficult to increase. But in our formula there are two more powerful forces - changeable O and 3 - which will help us.

Furnish your life

The environment has, at a minimum, the positive power that drives the mood. It’s bad for those who create such a piece of furniture - the road on the right is impractical. First of all, we know how to change your mood, try the following tips:

1. Do you care how many hundreds of people in your country experience depression throughout their lives?
2. How many hundreds of people are satisfied with their lives, having risen above the average income level?
3. How many hundreds of patients who suffer from mental disorders demonstrate a positive emotional balance (feeling more positive feelings than negative ones)?
4. Which of the following categories of your spouses has a negative emotional balance:

• low-security population;
• robotless;
• people of frail age;
• Disabilities due to serious physical problems?

I think people seem to you to be much less lively, but it really stinks - I think it was the same with me. Adult Americans show that 49% of US citizens have experienced depression (actually – 8-18%), 56% of Americans are satisfied with their lives (true – 83%), and a positive balance is found in 33% of those who are ill (versus 57%). Until the fourth meal, representatives of all four groups in America insist that they feel happy. 83% of respondents agreed that poor African-Americans are unlikely to be happy with their lives, and 100% found that poor people are especially unhappy. At the same time, only 38% and 24% of those who were confidently agreed to admit that elderly and disabled people can be happy. The following is true: most Americans, regardless of the circumstances, consider themselves happy and at the same time do not underestimate the level of living standards of their citizens.

In 1967, at the dawn of serious research and optimism, Warner Wilson summed up everything that was known at that time. We confirmed that happy people are those who:

• earns good money;
• hangs out with a whore;
• young;
• healthy;
• May garna light;
• to believe in God;
• regardless of the article;
• regardless of the intellectual level.

Half of these assertions, as it was explained, are incorrect, but otherwise demonstrate effectiveness. And I hasten to tell you how, according to psychologists, external situations influence our living spirit.

Pennies

“I have been rich and poor. Rich buti is better.”

“Penny can’t buy happiness.”

At first glance, this is a strong statement that one can say one to another, but it is truly offensive. It is clear to see how wealth and poverty flow into one’s mood. The descendants equalized the average self-esteem of the middle-class people of rich and poor countries.

Well, the experience of tens of thousands of people greatly confirms the forecasts of their predecessors. First of all, Sophie Tucker has private rights: purchasing power and average satisfaction with life are interconnected. However, since the national gross product exceeds 8,000 dollars per person, the disappearance of retardation and the growth of kindness will no longer bring much joy. Why do the rich Swiss feel happier than the poor Bulgarians, while the joy of life is not much greater than the Irish, Italians and Norwegians?

There is no problem with the rule “wealth = contentment.” Brazilians, Chinese and Argentines show much greater satisfaction with life than we might assume, judging by their wealth. And the residents of the other republics of the Radyansky Union are less satisfied with their lives than their prosperity allows. The same can be said about the Japanese. The lifestyle of the Brazilians and Argentines, the government policy of China, are likely to stimulate the liveliness of the population, and the social cataclysms associated with the transition from socialism to capitalism stir the mood of the residents of Skhid news of Europe. The dissatisfaction of the Japanese seems completely mysterious and, in contrast to the optimism of residents of such poor countries as China, India and Nigeria, suggests that happiness and justice cannot be bought for money. About the same, statistical data from the guilty countries: over the last fifty years, the average purchasing power in the USA, France and Japan has grown more than twice, but the satisfaction of life has been lost by a large amount. out.

Let us correctly compare the burghers of various powers, and even in the guilty countries there is a greater level of literacy, better medicine and education, more common freedoms, without even talking about the obvious replacement of these very material benefits. Therefore, it is more logical to compare rich and poor people on the same page. All you have to do is ask yourself: “How can I get my happy pennies?” At that moment, if you are trying to get rid of it, better yet, stay with the children, go to the gate and do some work. In poor countries, where it is important for people to earn their daily bread, there is plenty of close ties with a good mood. However, in wealthy countries, where every citizen is guaranteed a living wage, high earnings are not always associated with increased tone. In the United States, the poorest categories of the population, naturally, do not feel that happy, but since only people choose to be evil, the increase in income practically does not flow into their living spirit. Apparently rich people, who are included in the top 100 according to Forbes magazine, have an average income of over 125 million dollars - the joy of life is not much greater than the average American.

The subjective value of pennies has a much stronger impact on the mood, but not on the actual level of financial well-being. The materialistic approach here comes from a dead end: since for people, pennies are important for other values, they are always dissatisfied with both their income and their lives in general. Why is this so - the mystery of the dosi.

Shlyub

Some people bark about it, others consider it to be the basis of a happy life. Obvі points of view are not cross-cutting, the proto-experience will show that the other is richly closer to the truth. In exchange for pennies, I knit tightly in a good mood. The national center of community thought has nourished 35 thousand Americans over the past 30 years. 40% of befriended people said that they were very happy, and among unfriended, separated and widowed people, only 24% showed this. Living a comfortable life without a formal marriage can be a good thing for people living in such individualistic cultures as the American one, and it can be a good thing for people in Japan and China.

Living with a whore gives its advantages to people of any age, wealth or status. I would like to hear from the philosopher K'erkegaard, who cynically declared that “as soon as we are promoted, we will never become friends.” Families are often detrimental to falling into self-doubt: the “unfriended” have much lower satisfaction with life than the unfriended and separated.

So why are you suddenly starting a family? So, since they like to appear happy, it seems that most of the followers. Also, don’t forget to take care of other situations: people who are happy with their money are more likely to make friends and live harmonious family lives. The chance of finding a happy family life is also affected by comradeship - even people who suffer from depression may appear withdrawn, quarrelsome, self-conscious, and even less likely to become friends with each other. I think I’ll explain the reason that friendly people are happy for unfriended people who still have the chance to get along.

Gromadska life

Incredibly satisfied with the lives of people, we and Ed Diner discovered that practically everyone who has increased up to 10% of their wealth is a good friend or girlfriend. Guess what: lively people are driven by social activity. They spend less than an hour on their own, and those who are desperate value their friendship very highly.

These precautions are similar to the warnings about love and life: in both cases, it is important to identify the cause of the investigation. It’s absolutely incredible that the bustling, huge life of a family gives people a sense of vitality. Or maybe, all of a sudden: from the very beginning, you add lifelike tabletops so that people themselves reach out to them, and as a result, it’s easy to find yourself in the distance. Of course, any third official can play a leading role here, for example, he is smart enough to tell all sorts of stories.

Negative emotions

How to raise the level of positive emotions in life? Maybe just try to minimize the number of negative ones? The answer to this question seems paradoxical: in spite of the broadness of the Duma, they say that the people are suffering from severe misfortunes, but it is not clear that their life is so bitterly deteriorating. It has been proven that there is no direct connection between positive and negative emotions.

Norman Bradbury, a scholar and scholar at the University of Chicago, at the dawn of his scientific career, organized the internment of thousands of Americans, realizing how satisfied they were with their lives. It is important to note that people who are prone to negative emotions are less prone to positive emotions, and so on. However, the version turned out to be false, which was confirmed by other investigations.

There is no mutual connection between negative and positive emotions. In other words, just because a cloud of unpleasantness has begun in your life, this does not mean that for now you are condemned to sadness and hopelessness. And by the way, too much positive emotions are filled with too many secrets.

Later, the results of the experiments on men and women were equalized. It turned out that women are more likely to experience depression and, as a rule, feel more negative emotions. It was obvious to everyone that the smell is stronger and more often they worry about people and there is pure positivity. In the words of Stephen King, people are “made of hard stuff.” The emotional life of rich women takes place at the extremes. Perhaps, on the right in biological aspects, or perhaps women simply want to talk about their feelings and feel them. The type of power supply has not yet been found. Anyway, let us explore the simple theory of direct correlation of a number of positive and negative perceptions.

The ancient Greek word soteria means extreme, irrational joy. Another concept - phobia - represents extreme, unreasonable and unmotivated fear. The etymology of the word “soteria” is associated with the name of the holy day due to the threat of death. In this manner, we feel great joy that great insecurity is being relieved. This explains the satisfaction we experience while riding roller coasters, trimming ropes, or watching movies of “zhakhs.”

In this way, direct correlation between a number of negative and positive emotions is not avoided. Why this happens is unknown, and the search for evidence on nutrition is one of the most important tasks of positive psychology.

Vik

If Wilson is neglected, youth will not provide a high level of optimism. The image of the old, always dissatisfied with everything and everyone, as it has appeared, also does not reflect effectiveness. The study of 60 adults from forty different countries made it possible to identify three main factors that influence life expectancy: satisfaction with life, satisfaction and dissatisfaction. With the age of life, the contentment of life gradually advances, the spirit of contentment dulls, and the intensity of dissatisfaction remains unchanged. Well, it changes, what matters is the strength and depth of experience. What to do - out of a sense of enchanting happiness, as well as hopeless disappointment, with joy and evidence we are given earlier

Healthy

You, melodiously, think that being healthy is a guarantee of vitality? It turns out that the value of health practically does not coincide with optimism. There are plenty of other connections from subjective perceptions of the situation that lie in order to intelligently adapt to any minds and positive light perception. Visits to the doctor and trips to the doctor themselves do not in themselves contribute to the level of satisfaction with life - rather they represent our thoughts about the state of health, and this is a level of negative emotions. It’s important that people become seriously ill and are satisfied with the lives of those who are not very healthy.

When a person suffers from illness or protracted illness, the level of joy and contentment naturally falls, but not as much as it could have recovered. In patients who first seek treatment for any chronic illness (for example, with a heart disease), a high level of optimism and a miraculous mood are preserved at least as long as fate life expectancy of people with a “bouquet” from five or more illnesses with an hour tane. In this way, a little bit of health is not important for the sake of life, but the importance of illness is to extinguish positive emotions.

Lighting, climate, nationality and becoming

I have united these officials into one group, and most of them are calm, and it’s not surprising that they don’t really influence the mood. Lighting can help you earn more money, but in the middle it doesn’t move you in the right mood (those who have previously earned little money are to blame). Don’t buy into the optimism and wisdom of wisdom. And although a warm, sleepy climate helps to overcome the so-called seasonal-autumn-winter depression, the average level of vitality does not lie in the climate minds. Nebraskans who suffer from the winter cold may think that California is a happy place to live, but that is not the case. People are already warming up to the warm climate, and if anyone dreams of a happy life on a tropical island, then don’t forget about the sleepy warmth.

Nationality in the United States also does not particularly contribute to the level of positive emotions. Regardless of economics, Americans of black and Spanish heritage still suffer little from depression, although their level of vitality is low.

The pretext, as has already been said, is connected with the mood in a most mysterious way. In the average, men and women are less likely to live alone, which means women are more happy when they are happy and less likely to be depressed.

Religion

For centuries after Freud's criticisms, sociologists could not figure out how to relate to religion. There were rumors that it instills guilt in people, oppresses sexuality, preaches intolerance, anti-intellectualism and tyranny. Almost twenty years ago, scientific evidence about the positive influx of religion has completely reconciled the ancient world of such thoughts. Believing Americans are more likely to use drugs, cost less evil, are more likely to ruin their families, and end up living a life of self-destruction. You are healthy physically and live longer. Faithful mothers of disabled children cope better with depression. In addition, it is easier for people to bear the legacy of separation, exile, illness, and death of loved ones. In a word, the facts show that believers are more often happy and satisfied with their lives, rather than atheists.

The connection between faith and a healthy, socially-intensive way of living is obvious. Most religions have a negative attitude towards drugs, evil and friendly society, they want benevolence, mortality and prudence. However, the infusion of faith in optimism and psychological resilience is not at all so primitive. During the development of behaviorism, the emotional feelings of believers were explained by the social support of other members of the community. Prote, in my opinion, is much more important: all religions of the world give people hope for the future and, in this way, give them a sense of life.

Sheena Merezhi Yengar is one of the most beautiful students I have ever read. Being completely blind, she began her remaining course at the University of Pennsylvania and, while working on her diploma, went back and forth to the United States. The bus has visited all religious communities and organizations, trying to clarify the relationship between optimism and faith. Vaughn distributed questionnaires to hundreds of believers, listened to dozens of week-long sermons, preached liturgies and sermons for children accepted in the eleven religions that were the largest in the United States.

The first chief, shared by Shina, said: since religion has a more orthodox character, then its supporters are optimistic. Devout Jews, Orthodox Christians and Muslims have a richer understanding of life than representatives of reformist and unitary movements. Then Sheena tried to carefully absorb the influx of this hope, which is read between the rows of sermons, liturgy and children's fairy tales. As a result, the researcher revealed that the optimism of believers is directly related to the extent to which their religion promotes great hopes. It is not without reason that the Christian mystic of the 14th century, Julian of Norwich, who was alive during the era of the Great Plague, preached like this:

“If everything will be good, everything will be good... Without saying: “No storm will break out over you, you will not be burdened with pain and illness,” but without saying: “You will not be overcome.”

The very connection of faith with hope in the future, which has taken place for everything, explains the importance of religion to help people overcome troubles and still be happy. Nutrition about the connections between happiness and the sense of life of the dedications of the remaining section of this book.

Well, it’s acceptable that the skin of a person can reach a singing level of vitality. So my job is to understand what factors and circumstances help us to reach closer to the upper range of our abilities. Until recently, it was respected that happy and joyful people are those who earn good money, have a family, are always young, healthy, having received a lot of light and believe in God. I will try once again to objectively evaluate the external environment, how it affects our mood, and what is ultimately necessary for the happiness of people bazhano:

1. Live in a rich democratic country, and not in an evil state with a dictatorial regime (an important factor).
2. Mati sem'yu (also an important factor, but not a headache).
3. Uniqueness of unpleasantness and negative emotions (factor of average importance).
4. Be more cooperative with people (an important, but not the main factor).
5. Virtue with God (factor of the middle vaga).

In order to feel happy and enjoy life, absolutely not obov'yazkovo:

1. Earn a lot (if you bought this book, it means you earn enough, and those who spend more than pennies on their mother are, as a rule, not very happy).
2. Stay healthy (I respect my health, which is subjectively acceptable).
3. Mother of miracles.
4. Avoid extreme hot climates.

You, of course, expressed respect that any of the over-inflated factors here could be changed for the government’s sake. And it seems that if we had been able to earn a lot, the level of our happiness would hardly have risen even more, at least 15 hundred.

However, in addition to external factors, there are primarily low internal ones, which play an equally important role and are subject to our will and need. Let me tell you about them myself. If you achieve significant success in this situation (I warn you: you will need to expend a lot of effort), then you will be able to improve your mood seriously and permanently.

Bodily satisfaction

These experiences arise spontaneously, are not overshadowed for a long time and force reflection. The process of evolution has developed a close connection between the sense organs and positive emotions: dot, relish, smell, roar, sight and hearing give us bodily joy. Stroking the genitals makes you laugh. The same effect gives the taste of mother’s milk and French vanilla frosting until the last century. If you haven’t had a workout for a long time, a hot shower will give you incredible satisfaction - much more, without the knowledge that you have become clean. Orgasm does not require comments, but you want to enjoy it by loosening your intestines. The eyes and ears are still calling out in a positive way, the connection here is no longer so extreme: imagine a clear spring day, the ending of the Beatles song “Hey Jude,” the image of a sweet child and a lamb, fire by the fireplace on a snowy winter evening ohm

Experience and refined sensory satisfaction. I admire the beauty of the tea Trojans, from the buried places I hear the cob “Magnify my soul” K.f.E. BAHA (Sina of the WiDOM composer), swollen with a shackle of dry NIMETSKOY RISLING, rang the marvelous act of the Persian Musicle "Nedil in the Park of the Giorge", I love the perfumes "Shalimar", I am clinging exactly to the rim of the ib.

If physical satisfactions did not calm us down, we will not be able to live on them - it is necessary to continue with the knowledge of external stimulants. People are buzzing, and they need ever larger doses in order to “get that same high.” Just the first drop of vanilla frosting, familiarity with the aroma of “Shalimar” and the first few seconds of whiteness to celebrate the truth of unforgettable hostility. Then the feeling of satisfaction dulls - even though you feel them every now and then, over a long interval.

You're satisfied

In most cases, the flavor is richly mellow with bodily satisfactions - the stench is also mixed with “rough sensitivities”, they are also weak, slightly weaker and become inferior. However, they begin to rely on a variety of external stimulants, which are beneficial and have a variety of benefits for the satisfaction of the physical.

Of course, there are many ways to classify those who are most satisfied, including mine. For starters, I chose one positive emotional state - joy - and found all the synonyms of this word in the dictionary. So I did it as soon as possible and repeated this procedure until I had exhausted the entire supply of plums. As a result, we have accumulated close to a hundred understandings related to both bodily and higher satisfactions. In this group, I selected words that characterize physical pleasures (for example, orgasm and warmth), and decided to divide them into three groups according to the level of intensity.

The most intense ones include awe, bliss, ecstasy, awe, awe, euphoria, buzz, enthusiasm and awakening. Moderately intense ones include fluffiness, vitality, energy, triumph, cheerfulness, joy, vivacity, enthusiasm and tension. The least intense group includes comfort, harmony, excitement, intensity and relaxation. For the ultimate goal of our task - to raise the level of their satisfaction in everyday life - the method of classification is not so important.

How to increase the intensity of satisfaction

You obviously won’t get the chance to deal with this problem before the fakhivtsa. Our skin is better for any kind of psychologist who can provide information that will bring you more satisfaction and achievement. However, knowing the three principles behind positive psychology will help you achieve your goals in the shortest possible time, rather than actually having greater and more intense happiness. This is the appearance of sophistication, relish and respect to the point that it is expected. Familiarity with these psychological concepts can serve as a great lesson for you in strengthening and prolonging any positive feelings.

Zvikannya and even worse

Satisfaction - as a bodily, and more than anything else, can be seen as a source of positive happiness. Emotions are associated with them until the end of the past, as practice shows, to evaporate at the same time. Whenever I give students a task to work out on their own (say, watch a good movie), we invariably come to the conclusion that at the end of the session, the same emotions are felt. It is important to know the external stimulant, as positive experiences are dissolved in everyday life, without leaving any trace. It’s entirely natural, and the blame only confirms the rule: sometimes we think about a certain film of the day (for example, “Volodar Kilets”), and the taste of Burgundy is preserved in the mouth for two years. (My long career as an amateur taster had its unique moments: for example, I had the opportunity to taste wines that I could taste in my mouth the next day.)

Repeated attempts to satisfy your satisfaction are ineffective. In another portion of Basset ice cream, the malt will be twice as low, and until the fourth you will lose only one calorie. If the remaining needs are satisfied, the frost is not much more tasty than the cardboard. The process of development, or adaptation, is an invisible part of the functioning of our nervous system. Neurons are eagerly stimulated by a new stimulus. Although there is no new information, their reaction is not very intense. At the same time, it is explained that there is a so-called refractory period, during which time (a few seconds) neurons simply cannot turn on again. Why are we so sensitive to the unknown, but at the beginning we don’t lose respect. And the more often this idea occurs, the less it praises us.

Satisfaction is not only quick-witted, but also leads to rotten results. Do you remember the centers of contentment that were revealed in the brain of the eyes forty years ago? The researchers implanted thin electrodes in the subcortical zone of the brain, so that immediately, if the next creature pressed against the crossbar, the brain would experience a slight electrical awakening. Over the years, such squirrels began to provide superior stimulation and reproduction, and without it they died. The most important thing is not contentment, but laziness. It turned out that the electrical stimulation of the singing parts of the brain evokes an even stronger response to try something similar again. He may not be satisfied with repeated stimulation, which, unfortunately, creates even greater cravings. It is necessary to pass as soon as the squint of the quill recognizes “breaking”, without pressing on the crossbar. If you don’t want to stop stimulating the table more strongly, then the product is pressed again and again on the crossbar - that’s why it loses its storage. A dissatisfied woman gives such a negative reaction that the squint is tempted to be unique.

Find out what is itching in your back: having smelled it, you will calm down at any time, lest the itching appear again. Step by step, you will become intolerable, and you will lose your new taste. Ale todi vinikai hibne kolo. If you clenched your teeth, endure a little, you can smell the pain, but, as a rule, the sprague to smell your back is too strong. Why is it so important to avoid salted peas and vanilla frosting and throw in the fire? The worst dangers are drugs and alcohol. Having overdone the drinking, people suffer from a hangover. You can ease it with a new portion of alcohol (“like rejoice like like”), but rather wisely wait until you get over it. If you “rejoice” with an alcohol hangover, you don’t want to let it go away, otherwise tomorrow the stink will turn around and require an infusion again.

All that has been said, there is an overwhelming feeling of satisfaction: they are clearly not meant to be evil. This commandment is to be heard from the top of the Greek poet Cavafy, included in the epigraph (“And inhale as much as you can allow yourself”). Let your life be as pleasant as possible, but try to maximize your initial satisfaction. And after a dozen hours it becomes clear that the day of worship has changed and has been replaced by an expectation - moreover, this means that earlier it was not about contentment, but about staleness.

Taste the frosty bits, but don’t boil them immediately, but let them sit for about thirty seconds - the stench will be gone forever. And if you want to finish the portion later, throw it in the sink. If you want to live on, we ask you kindly, but don’t rush: be prepared to get stuck.

Discover the “optimal regime” for skin problems. This will help preserve the freshness of the food and not fall into staleness. If, for example, you love the music of Bruce Springsteen, try hearing it more often, sometimes less often. Step by step, you will determine at which hourly interval the music conveys the most hostility. It helps to preserve the bitterness of those who are surprised and unsatisfied: let your satisfaction become a surprise. And let us accept that the people who send us away will more often bestow joy on one unmissable person. For those who don’t necessarily need to buy bouquets of troyands from flower shops, a cup of their favorite cava, prepared with a gentle hand, is enough. Why not spend five bucks a day preparing a welcome surprise for your friend, family, children or workmate? You can play a person’s favorite music while he’s on his way home, smell a friend’s back while he’s working on the computer, put a vase of tickets on a colleague’s desk, write something about the person’s greetings. Such people will always find a living spirit and demand the opportunity to earn time from the witness.

Spiritual satisfaction

Those that I called spiritual joy are often called “spiritual joy” or “satisfaction” and are practically not distinguished from the rest. Incredibly spiritual joy comes from the satisfaction described in the world, we discover that there are no paths to them, however. However, if you are surprised, you are talking about two different things. We say that we love caviar, we love the sound of drops, we love to smell our backs (satisfaction), and we immediately add that we love volleyball, beautiful accomplishments and good deeds (spiritual satisfaction). The word “love” knocks us out of whack. At times, it means “to give priority to this type of activity to others.” Ale, vikorists of the same word, we cleverly joke for our own feelings for similar reasons. So, we say: “Good caviar is for me,” and “I enjoy the tops of Dylan Thomas,” because both have the same positive-emotional basis.

When I tell people about the reasons for the satisfaction associated with bodily malts, I don’t hesitate to mention: the taste, the pleasant smell, or, say, the temperature of the water. Ale Varto, ask someone to explain why it is so rewarding for me to help those in need, read Barbara Kingsolver, play bridge or rise to the peak of a mountaineer - it is not so easy to give up the obvious evidence. Some of my friends were trying to send me to the vidchuttya (“It was almost too quiet to read me, curled up on the sofa”). However, the “high” of spiritual satisfaction comes from deep oblivion, self-neglect, and the flow that our favorite activity gives us, but not from bodily satisfaction. External fatigue blocks information and emotions almost every day.

Spiritual contentment as contentment strengthens the same gap that lies between happy lives and happy lives

reception. Do you remember my friend Olen, a bridge champion and a prosperous businessman with a very low level of positive affect? The very person who is spiritually satisfied (in Olen’s words above the world) can say that he is happy. No charms, no good luck, no right not to spoil Olen with his lively and cheerful life, but his life is long and full: bridge championships, options, sports, etc. Definitely accepted by the reasonable people with a remarkably low level of spiritual satisfaction say Positive affect is not felt by the unlucky. However, it is not uncommon for them to be happy to point upward, since much of the world rests on spiritual satisfaction and the right of their hands.

At that time, as people today so often confuse contentment with spiritual satisfaction, the ancient Greeks well understood the difference between these concepts. In this galus, as in the rich others, the stench was sorted out better for us. Aristotle clearly advocated eudaimonia (walnut, happiness) as contentment. For a new understanding, there is a dispute with the harmony and subtlety of the dance (of course, not every dance is harmonious and delivers aesthetic pleasure, and the one that is sophisticated and exudes some kind of mastery). The Aristotelian concept of eudaimonia is similar to what I call respect when talking about spiritual contentment, and it itself is an invisible part of good faith.

Nasolodi do not bring spiritual satisfaction. Eudaimonia is unattainable neither with the help of chemistry nor with any other tricks. We feel spiritually satisfied without having earned anything from a noble method. Writing about Aristotle at this point can seem obvious and purely academic, but in fact eudaimonia may be directly relevant to our lives. Discover for yourself, weave and try in the ways described in more ways than we can to achieve satisfaction, rather than spiritual satisfaction and happiness. Satisfaction lies in the form of emotional and emotional satisfaction, spiritual satisfaction lies in the form of virtues and honesty.

Rich nutrition, associated with spiritual drinks, clarified the roots of one person’s scientific perseverance - an even prominent position in the field of social psychology.”

Potik

“Mike Csikszentmihalyi’s main contribution to psychology was his expansion of the concept of flow. Every one of us has a busy job, working until the next hour. We understand that we need this very thing and are ready to continue to live indefinitely. In this case, it doesn’t matter that we are overwhelmed by paintings, love caresses, volleyball games, public appearances, expeditions to the mountain peaks and the splendid adventures of our neighbors.

“I recently met my half-brother Marti in Budapest,” Mike said. - My brother is already retired, and his hobby is mineralogy. Once upon a time, a few days before our meeting, he learned from me that he selected his treasures from the crystal and began to embroider it under a strong microscope. After an hour, Marti decided to look at the structure of the crystal and things became more complex. It can be seen that the gloom has covered the sun, hanging in the sky, raising its head, revealing in wonder that the sun has gone out behind the windows.

For Marty, the hour has slowed down. Mike calls this position a “grab” (this term is inappropriate, since it places pressure on the fleshy component). This position is aimed at satisfying biological needs.

Isn’t it charming to hold a tennis match, which brings out all your expertise? We are drawn to both reading this book, where facts have been known for a long time, presented in the new world, and the conversation, during which we are exposed to certain assumptions and can be identified. The completion of a serious task, whatever happens, becomes even more charming. In this case, in the process itself, we may not have felt any satisfaction, but, looking back after ten hours, we realize that after all, it was a miracle, and do not mind repeating it.

Csikszentmihali interviewed thousands of people from different countries, from different ages and backgrounds, and asked them to describe their experience of being spiritually satisfied and buried in a particular sadness. Such attacks were often associated with intellectual activities (say, mineralogy) or with alcoholic drinks. For example, a journalist from Kyoto spoke about the memorable race of motorcyclists:

“It’s impossible to say that at the start of our mutual cooperation and harmony. If the race goes well, we experience everything one by one. How can I be more precise? Our souls are angry at one. And if we become one goal, blessings will come to me. I will raptly inform you: “We are one people.” It’s just great to feel like you’re part of the whole. We all appreciate the thrill of synchronized driving at great speed. With such a khwilin, I simply “follow”.”

The state of spiritual contentment can be associated with physical activity. The axis of the story of one ballerina:

“When I start to dance, I flow, I get drunk, I feel the smallest gesture... I just physically get a buzz... There is a pit on the skin, it’s easy for me to become delirious, and then - outside the burying, when everything comes out... my “I.” This is the essence of dance. “Vin allows me to interact with people using my body... If everything is going well, I properly express myself to the music and see the reaction of the audience.”

The range to occupy in order to bring spiritual satisfaction to people is truly magnificent. Mike's respondents mentioned everything from Korean meditation to Japanese biker motorcycle races, from playing chess to creation, from working on a folding line to ballet. All the participants in the experiment unanimously stated the same thoughts and warehouses of their camp:

• “Viklik Situation”: the task you set for yourself may be important and important
• Zoseredzhenіst
• The clarity of the world has been completed
• Don't forget the payoff
• Outside the work, which does not require special tools
• Feeling like you have control over the situation
• Know yourself and take care of yourself
• Zupinka o'clock

Please note that this list does not have any positive emotions. In experiences of spiritual satisfaction, such feelings as joy, praise, ecstasy, are recognized only rarely and clearly depend on the later interpretation of the experience. In essence, the basis of the “flow” will be, moreover, the presence of emotions, self-forgetfulness. The emotional assessment of what is expected and the hostility associated with it helps us to regulate our activities. Because what we do perfectly matches our internal needs, we no longer lose respect for emotions and forget about the hour.

In order to better understand the flow, I want to quickly understand the concepts that apply to the sphere of economics. Capital is a resource designated for survival, and investment in the future, which will be used to generate even greater income. The concept of “capital” is also used in other areas of human activity. Thus, social capital is the resources that accumulate as a result of collaboration with people (friends, family and acquaintances), and cultural capital can be called those information resources (books, museums) that help create a more spiritual life enim. What kind of psychological capital is there, and if so, what is the process of accumulating it?

The creation of satisfaction is similar to the process of satisfaction. Whether we inhale the aroma of perfumes, or smell raspberries, or smell the toilet - all this is a result of satisfaction, and not “long-term investment in capital.” By worrying about them, we accumulate nothing. If we are completely buried in the right – “locked in the flow” – we, as a whole, are likely to accumulate psychological capital. Perhaps, “flow” is a stage of psychological growth. Externally, exhaustion, self-neglect and “lump of time”, from the perspective of evolution, may indicate the process of accumulation of psychological resources. Sadness is associated with the saturation of the body, and spiritual contentment brings about the development of specialness.

To assess how often a person is sweating, Csikszentmihali and her colleagues developed a special sampling method (SMT). The participants in the experiment received pagers, which were used to receive food several times a day. Respondents were able to describe in detail what the stench was like, what they thought about, what they felt, and the extent of the burials. The successors nourished thousands of people of various professions.

It turned out that some people may visit the “potato” again and again, just as others feel that this will happen rarely, but never will. In one of the investigations, Chikzentmikhali soaked 250 substances that are often entangled in the “flow”, and 250 substances that are little known from this country. Others most importantly fell into the category of “store children.” Such children spend years walking in shopping centers and sitting in front of the TV for long periods of time. “High-flow” people, as a rule, like to play sports and spend a lot of time studying. Besides all the indicators - including self-assessment and the level of accumulation - the “high-flow” substrates showed stronger results. For everything but one thing, and to finish the summary: the “high-flow” siblings stated that their yearlings had a better time spending time and that they, with satisfaction, would exchange their eternal activities for a trip to the shopping center and “spraying” with TV. Although they don’t care about those who are busy with serious people, at first glance, they are less greedy, it turned out that they are paying off in spades in the future. “High-flow” subscribers, as a rule, enter into higher initial deposits, establish deeper social contacts and achieve greater success in life. All this confirms the validity of Csikszentmihaly’s version about those who “flow” is the process of accumulating psychological capital, our resources for the rest of our lives.

Considering the benefits that spiritual contentment and the state of “flow” give us, it’s amazing that we so often give priority to bodily satisfaction. Choosing between a great book and a cross-sectional TV comedy, we often rely on the remaining ones, wanting to study invariably show that for people who watch comedies on TV, a typical state of mild depression. The constant transfer of available resources to spiritual satisfaction threatens with enormous inheritances. Over the past forty years, in all guilty countries, the number of people suffering from depression has increased sharply. Depression has become “younger” and is now ten times more common than in the 1960s. Forty years ago the middle century of people who first fell into depression, becoming 29.5 years old, the same as today’s 14.5 years old. The paradox is that indicators of objective well-being (purchasing ability, zeal for enlightenment, ability to hear music and eat well) are steadily increasing, while indicators of subjective (spiritual) goodness are decreasing. How can I explain this so dashingly?

It is easier to interpret those that cannot be explained. The reason for this epidemic is clearly not biological in nature: over forty years, our genes and hormones will inevitably change so that the number of depressions has increased tenfold. The ecology here is no longer of any concern - the people of the village, built forty kilometers from our place, drink the same water, breathe the same winds and feed us the same juice as they eat themselves. However, they lead approximately the same way of life that is three hundred times less likely to cause depression than the residents of Philadelphia. The low level of living standards may also be the reason why the epidemic mainly affects the poor countries. And recent research has shown that between the same countries - for example, the United States - blacks and Latinos suffer less from depression than representatives of the white race, as they live in weaker minds.

I think a lot of people feel like victims of situations due to their incredibly high self-esteem. This gives rise to extreme individualism, which in turn leads to the development of depression. However, I have not yet presented this theory, because there is another, more fundamental figure: people need to stop being satisfied without wasting their efforts. Residents of the guilty countries will always have access to TV, drugs, shopping, sex without sex, sports and chocolate (and this, as you understand, is a drop in the sea).

Let's take a look at the simplest butt. Folding the rows, I eat bread and olives and blackberry jam. I did not bake this bread without beating the oil and without collecting the chornitsa. The drink (as a skin phrase) was given to me without difficulties, without losing the necessary skills and efforts. What if my whole life was formed out of contentment, as if I were just getting away with it - without fuss, mastery, and a bunch of difficulties? This kind of casual living breeds depression. Our worth and honor are lost unclaimed and wither. And without the aggravation of spiritual contentment, it allows you to live fully.

One of the main symptoms of depression is self-absorption. The person steadily analyzes the power of perception. His oppression (essentially, causeless) becomes a self-sufficient factor. In such a mood, a person begins to think about the same gloom of the future, wonders how to show up for work, and, naturally, then falls more into depression. “Listen to your instincts,” the purveyors of cheap psychological prescriptions are eagerly encouraging. Young people, sensing this call, want to believe and grow into a generation that suffers from narcissism and is less concerned about self-importance.

In contrast to a constant look at one’s feelings, spiritual contentment gives people freedom from emotion, from self-awareness and renewed hoarding. Spiritual contentment draws us out of being self-absorbed, and the more we fall into “flow,” we are less likely to fall into depression. In this way, against youth depression there is a strong fight - striving for spiritual satisfaction and vydmov from the pursuit of satisfaction. Satisfaction comes easily, but satisfaction requires great skill and skill. Thus, identifying and developing positive traits in oneself is an effective way to combat depression.

It’s not easy to see the “costless” contentment as the merest spiritual contentment. It remains necessary to deserve it, and this emphasizes the mastery and intensity of all forces.

It detracts from people and the risk of failure. The joy of playing in the tennis, intellectual growth and reading the book of Andrea Barrett is inaccessible without singing zusil, take a stab. Satisfaction, associated with watching a TV comedy, masturbation, inhaling smelling aromas, is not associated with the heels of difficulties, and is accessible to everyone. To eat a piece of bread with butter or watch a football match on TV, you don’t need any effort, no money, and there’s no risk of failure. At the hour of our memorable meeting in Hawaii, Mike said:

I “Satisfaction is a stronger motivation, but it does not call for internal changes in us. It is a conservative force that goes up to the satisfaction of non-happy needs, providing comfort and relaxation...) Hoarding [spiritual contentment], however, don't wait to receive me, At times, a climber may find himself exhausted, frostbitten, or land on the edge of a bottomless abyss - and yet he will not change this position for anything else. However, this contentment does not come close to equaling the joy that he feels on this crest of ice.”

Six universal garlics

In the age of postmodernism and spiritual relativism, the idea has expanded that the love of honesty is not only a product of large institutions, and their essence is determined by the fact that in which era and in which country they live. Thus, in America of the 21st century, honors are valued by a sense of impudence, relevance, relevance, independence, individuality, wealth, etc. would have been condemned as a wadi. Fear of God, innocence, isolation, grandeur, vengeance - the skin of these viciousnesses was valued at the time in the singing middle, but for us the stench is alien, otherwise it is unacceptable.

You can see how happy we were, our descendants, who discovered that there are at least six honors in power for all religions and cultural traditions of the world! Let me first reveal who “we” are and what our goals are.

Financial investigation of honesty

“I’m tired of funding scientific projects that are always going to fall on the police,” Neil Myerson, head of the Manuel and Rody Myerson Foundation in Cincinnati, told me by phone. He called me at November 1999 to promote a new project after reading one of my articles about positive psychology.

What's the next project? Finally, we decided to start funding the latest research in sub-psychology. We decided to sacrifice Saturday and week in order to collect the fakhivts from this galusa and inform them about any developments, and then don’t let them discuss for themselves what kind of financial work they do every day trims.

During lunch last night, it’s not surprising that we had the same thoughts. “The project deserves to be praised,” said Joe Conatie, head of the post-school education program with a budget of billions of dollars, which is financed by the US Department of Education. - Alright, let's tidy everything up in order. We cannot study character development until we know exactly what we want to develop. To begin with, it is necessary to establish the principles of classification and evaluation of characteristics. I would like you to invest some money in it yourself, Nil.”

The point is that this decision in our practice has already created one significant precedent. Thirty years ago, the National Institute of Mental Health, which funded the left-wing research into mental health, faced a similar problem. Our scientists and their British colleagues found differences: patients who were diagnosed with “obsessive-obsessive anxiety” in England were diagnosed with “schizophrenia” in the United States, and so on.

Difficulties in diagnosis will always give rise to doubts. NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health) has decided to release the third, revised version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Assessment of Mental Illness (DSM-SH) as the main tool for establishing an accurate diagnosis and further treatment. The idea worked out, and today it is much easier for a witness to make a diagnosis. In addition, this guide helps to determine the usefulness of each treatment.

Without a unified classification system, positive psychology will face these very problems. The Boy Scouts claim that their organization's program promotes friendliness, the ship's therapists advocate trust, the Christian organizations preach love and kindness, and the rukhs' anti-violence programs are echoed. Or maybe the creators of all these programs really talk about the same ones, just call them differently? And how do they know that their programs are effective? Remembering the history of DSS-SH, we and Nil decided to sponsor the development of character classification as the basis for research in the field of positive psychology.

I wanted to find a first-class scientific quarry for our project.

- Chris, - I am blessed, - don’t say “no” until you hear me to the end!

It’s clear that I started with the best candidates, but didn’t get the insurance, so Chris will need it. Dr. Christopher Peterhon is a renowned scholar, the author of an excellent textbook on the theory of specialness, one of the world's leading advocates of the problems of hope and optimism, and the director of the clinical psychology program at the University of Michigan. u. Until then, this program is one of the largest and shortest in this world.

“I would like to ask you to take a leave of absence for three years, move to Pennsylvania and complete a new project - our version of the DSS-SH, a developed report classification and methods for cultivating positive character traits,” I explained earnestly.

Alert to the attentive eye, I was heartbroken, feeling this:

- What a wonderful escape! Yesterday I turned fifty, and I myself am sitting and struggling from this drive, experiencing the first crisis “in the grave” and thinking about how to live in the future... in a word, I’m fit.

First of all, Chris gave us the task of getting to know the main religious and philosophical beliefs, understanding what kind of honors are valued in them, and then identifying a group of achievements. In this way, we have long since ensured that we are considered guilty of provincialism, in that our classification reflects the views of including white American scientists on the human condition. On the other hand, we were, of course, unique from the so-called “anthropological veto” (“the tribe, as I believe, is greedily cruel, and kindness is not worth the price”). In this case, we would be deprived of our greatest breadth, and not our universal strength. If such people had not appeared, we would, like it or not, have had to exchange ourselves with honesties known to the majority of the population of America.

Under the guidance of Katerina Dalsgaard, we read Aristotle and Plato, Thomas Aquinas and St. Augustine, the Old Testament and the Talmud, the works of Confucius, Buddha, Lao Tzu, Benjamin Franklin, the Code of the Samurai Bushido, the Koran and the Upanishads - everything nearby to two hundred creations. And the axis, having looked at all the diversity of religious and cultural monuments (including those with a three-thousand-year history), we, as a matter of fact, have identified six common honors for all peoples:

• Wisdom and knowledge
• Masculinity
• Kohannya and humanism
• Justice
• Mortality
• Spirituality and transcendence

Of course, the corruption of these honesties among different peoples and in different eras cannot be the same. The samurai understands masculinity differently than Plato, and the humanism of Confucius does not escape the caritas of Thomas Aquinas. Of course, in addition to great honesty, powerful cultural traditions (for example, politeness in Aristotle, gentleness in Benjamin Franklin, neatness in the American Boy Scouts and heretofore on in the Klingon codex - vigadanih creatures from the TV series "Zoryany Shliakh"). The complexity and universality of the treatment is undeniable, which resonates with those inspired by the traditions of ethical relativism. Now it has become clear, the star began to firmly believe that people are moral creatures.

In this way, six honesties, known to most religious and philosophical traditions, simultaneously create a positive character. However, this kind of skin with these jaundices is for psychologists nothing more than an abstraction. Our mission is to learn how to suppress and develop them. There are different ways to reach the skin from these spots, and they need to be learned. For example, humanism rests on manifestations of kindness, philanthropy, loving and caring, sacrifice and compassion. Morality conveys modesty, meekness, discipline, self-control, prudence and caution.

Therefore, now I will move on to talk about the methods of achieving honor - about our worth.

The book is dedicated to my young daughters Curly Dylan Seligman and Jenny Emma Seligman.

I love you!

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright holders.

Legal support is provided by the legal firm "Vegas-Lex"

© Translated by the Russian language, seen by the Russian language, designed. LLC "Mann, Ivanov and Ferber", 2013

Peredmova

This book will help you achieve prosperity.

I still said this.

Throughout my professional life, I have been trying not to waste money. I am a descendant, and a conservative descendant at that. The advantage of my books is that they demonstrate the greatest achievements of science: statistical tests, nutritional tests, well-thought-out laws and great representative samples. My books can be trusted because they, in the form of popular psychology and numerous self-research literature, are based on scientific data.

Since I published my last book (Authentic Happiness, 2002), my statements about the importance of psychology have changed, and, more briefly, psychology itself has changed and continues to change. I have dedicated most of my life to the traditional teachings of psychology: relief from suffering and the fight against unfriendly minds and sleep. Although it may seem great, it is not easy. Taking other people's troubles close to the heart (and this is practically inevitable when you suffer from depression, alcoholism, schizophrenia, trauma and various kinds of pain, which form the primary material of modern psychology), you condemn yourself to mental anguish. We strive to do more for the well-being of patients, but tired psychology does not give much respect to the well-being of psychotherapists. Through the war, the psychotherapist madly rejects his work, and the risk of depression increases (1).

I appreciate the tectonic collapse of the science and practice called positive psychology. In 1998, as president of the American Psychological Association, I issued a call to supplement the traditional teachings of psychology with new ones: learn those for which you want to live and create minds for such a life. The focus on well-being and the security of minds that hide yoma is fundamentally opposed to the focus on suffering and the fight against unfriendly minds. Currently, thousands of people around the world are engaged in positive psychology and are trying to overcome their goals (2). The book reveals about this, or learns about the current history of this story.

However, it is necessary to show special characteristics. It is positive psychology to make people happy. They put in positive psychology, they research it, they practice it in practice as psychotherapists and coaches, they teach it to high school students, they learn positive psychology from young children, they teach army sergeants about fasting. traumatic growth, whether you get involved with other fakes or just read about positive psychology is all keep them happy. There are more prosperous people than those who are involved in positive psychology, I don’t know.

Their essence is happiness, “flow”, change, love, help, achievement, growth, the best hundreds of days with people - to create human prosperity. When you know that you can multiply everything, life changes. I’ll change my look at this in the near future.

Father, this book will help you to achieve success and prosperity.

New positive psychology

What is so good?

The axis of history of the emergence of positive psychology, which until now has been lost in the dark. In 1997, when I was elected president of the American Psychological Association, my email screen had three times more pages. I rarely respond to calls and completely stop using the usual “turtle” mail, except that you can play bridge online wholeheartedly, on electronic sheets I respond quickly and accurately. While my partner is moving, I get around to writing a testimony. (My addresses: Write so as not to bet on one-warehouse types.)

However, the sheet that I picked out, for example, in 1997, is less generous, and I placed it in the “hmm?” folder. It was formed from one proposition: “Why don’t you meet me in New York?” - as the signature is not initialized. A few years later this evening I sent a message to Judy Rodin, at that time the president of the University of Pennsylvania, where I have already laid down forty rocks. When I entered the doctoral program at this university, Judy, now the president of the Rockefeller Foundation, was a senior student, and we simultaneously carried out research on animals in the laboratory of Professor Richard Solomon. We quickly talked, and I with the buried and not without apprehension, how such a young Judy earned a caroling career: President of the Joint Association of Psychologists, Head of the Department of Psychology at Yelse University , dean, and then provost at Eli, president of the University of Pennsylvania (1). We were able to do the same thing (Judy Todi carried out the great psychoneuro-immunological project of the MacArthur Foundation): we studied the correlation between optimism and immunity in elderly people, so that the interconnections between the mental, nervous and immune reaction (2).

- You don’t know P.T., when can you ask me to New York? - I told Judy, even though she knows everyone who is experiencing this.

- You want to get along with him! - She screamed.

So for two years I have stumbled on the eighth version of a new office life, ruined in the depths of Lower Manhattan. I was escorted to an ascetic room without windows. There were two middle-aged men sitting there in gray suits and standing at the selector.

“We are lawyers for a charitable foundation,” one of them explained, introducing himself as P.T. “We select the best ones, and you are one of them.” We would like to know what kind of investigation you are planning to spend and how many pennies you need for this. We are not going to control your skin. However, we can immediately get ahead of ourselves: once you open the financing area, you will get stuck.

I have dedicated the lawyers and the selector to one of my ideas, a project dedicated to ethno-political conflicts (which is not a hundred years away from positive psychology), and said that I would like to hold a conference with the participation of forty leading experts on the topic of genocide. I want to equalize the circumstances for which genocide occurred in a dozen episodes, from those for which in fifty episodes it could have begun or not, and to establish when genocide occurs, and when it does not. Then I planned to publish a book about how to overcome the genocide in the new 21st century.

“Dyakuyu,” they told me for five khvilins. – When you return to Pennsylvania, can you send us a request? No more to the side. And don’t forget to report to the Koshtoris.

Two years ago, I had a check on my table for 120,000 dollars. A person who is not sleeping is accepted. As far as I know, the withdrawal of a grant is always associated with a frustrating procedure: a hundred years of filling out applications, hateful reviews, dealing with annoying bureaucrats, ungodly delays, painful re-verifications and, as a result, mova or - at the very least - reducing the budget to meager sums.

I organized this year's conference, which I decided to symbolically hold in Derry in Northern Ireland. Forty leading experts from ethnopolitical violence gathered there (3). They all came from scientific backgrounds and knew the same person well. There were two people to blame: my father-in-law, Dennis McCarthy, formerly a British industrialist and treasurer of the foundation, formerly an engineering professor at Cornell University. Later, Dennis admitted that he had never been treated with such affection before. Collection ethnopolitical warfare(Edited by us and Deniel Shiro) effective results in 2002 (4). Yogo varto read, ale now not about those.