Umlaut in German language. Another German one, without touching the German keyboard! What is umlaut in German?
The German alphabet is new 26 Latin letters, three signs "a-umlaut", "o-umlaut", "u-umlaut", which are indicated by the diacritic mark by looking at the two dots above the letter – written: ä, ö, ü, and ligature - ß.
Umlaut to talk about those that the sound added by two dots above the letter is phonetically related to the sound that is represented by the letter without umlaut, and is read, apparently, in a different way:
ä – read like “e”,
ö – similar to the Russian “e”, let’s say із “о”,
ü – like the “yu” in the word, for example, “Lucy”.
The sign ß, ranks esset, means more “s”. In this case, it also indicates that the front voice has a shorter sound, and the addition of two letters s (“ss”) shortens the sound of the voice that stands in front of them.
Typing German characters ä, ö, ü and ß on a keyboard without a German layout
In connection with this Esset and letters with umlauts There are sounds that are distinguished by double “s” and letters without dots above them; the umlaut cannot be omitted to prevent ambiguity.
When typing German text on the keyboard If the German keyboard layout is not installed, the power supply for special German characters is at fault. There are a number of ways to eliminate this problem.
Other German or conventional ways of replacing German characters
The sign with an umlaut can be replaced when writing the following letter combinations: a letter without an umlaut + the letter “e”:
Ä - ae,
Ö - oe,
Ü – ue.
In addition to the signs with umlaut, there are meanings of small and capital letters.
Replacement “esset”
Instead of the symbol ß, you can use ss.
Doctors who believe that the ligature ß is less than a simple one, then whenever you need to write down a word with ß, great writers can quickly do so in this very way - by replacing the essential letters with SS. With such a replacement, the value needs to be respected, because there are words in which replacing the ligature ß with a double s can lead to the creation of three additional vowel s, which is not very correct, although today it is permissible.
In such situations
- It’s easier to replace ß with sz (Maszstab)
- Or separate the word with a hyphen between the double ss, which replaces the sign ß, and the leading letter s of the word (Mass-stab).
Search for German characters in “Microsoft Word”
- Find in the Microsoft Word menu in the Insert tab, select the Symbols section - a new window will open in which you need to select the appropriate symbol and then click the Insert button.
- You can use the keys listed at the bottom of this window. For example, the following combinations of keys correspond to the song characters of the German layout:
Ctrl+Shift+zh, U - Ü,
Ctrl+Shift+zh, A - Ä,
Ctrl+Shift+zh, O – Ö,
Ctrl+? S – ß.
Copy method
The simplest way is to find out the already typed German text that is in the computer’s memory or on the Internet, and copy all the necessary information for designing symbols ä, ö, ü, ß at the buffer. Then insert these characters as needed, going to the clipboard.
This method, like the first one, is good because you type German texts rarely, from time to time. If you need to constantly change the German layout, then the most overhauled methods are not very simple. Thus, it is necessary to record the necessary characters in the clipboard immediately after turning on Microsoft Word, since the clipboard is reset to zero after the computer is turned off, and the information in the buffer is not saved.
Installation of German keyboard layout
However, it is often necessary to type texts in German, for example, to communicate with partners from Germany, Austria and other countries. or get involved in social settings with German spies, then The shortest way is to install the German keyboard layout.
To install such a layout, you can quickly access the “Start” menu, following the algorithm:
Start – Settings – Caravan panel – Language and regional standards – Movie – Service installations – Add – Nimetzka (Nimechchina).
In this case, it is important to remember where the characters with umlauts are located and what is on the keyboard. Thus, in the German layout, the ligature ß is staggered on the right side of the zero on the alphanumeric block, and the signs ä, ö, ü are also staggered on the right side of the keyboard on the same keys as the Russian letters e, zh, x obviously.
In addition, the German language rarely works, so the type on the keyboard is in another place aligned with the standard Latin layout. In the German keyboard layout, the positions of the letters Z and Y are replaced by places.
Writing the characters ä, ö, ü, ß using the English layout
It is now possible to type prominent German characters using the English layout (USA - international). In this case, the signs ä, ö, ü, i ß are confirmed by the associated Alt keys with the letters q, p, y, s, so
Ä – Alt+q,
Ö – Alt+p,
Ü – Alt+y,
ß – Alt+s.
In any case, the choice of method for typing German characters will be lost to the user. :))
The method is also described in this video on my LifeIstGut channel on Youtube!))
Subscribe to the latest blog + download a free book with German phrases + subscribe toYOU-TUBE channel. with initial videos and videos about life in Nimechchina.
If you are actively studying German, then you will need to take note of your German language. “Well, why is there a problem? Is it so difficult? - Perhaps, V thought. Just look at your keyboard and try to find the umlaut on it. Conduct an experiment and direct If you are an average resident of Russia or another Russian region, then in 99.9% of cases you will not find them there. So how do German words work in such a situation? To whom will this article be dedicated?
What is the difference between a German keyboard?
First of all, instead of the standard Latin alphabet, the German language has special characters. What we know from them is this umlauti(umlauti) or “revote”. Umlauti - vocal sounds with two points on the mountain. The German language has only three: Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü . Surrounding the umlauts there is another special symbol - ß . Tse escet(Nim. Eszett), also known as gostre S (scharfes S).
Otherwise, the characters on a German keyboard are not displayed the way they sound.
When you level the keyboard to your own, you will see what the keys are Zі Y exchanged places. There are a lot of additional symbols, for example, < , > , / etc. not right-handed, but to the beast under the keys F1 - F9 , because the Umlautis occupied their place.
Simply put, since you have never used a German keyboard, you will need an hour to dial it.
How to use German characters on a Russian keyboard
If you need to write a term in German, but you don’t have a German keyboard at hand, then you don’t need to go to the editor. There are many ways to solve this problem.
Replace the daily symbol with the new letter.
Most special characters of the German language can be replaced by common characters. This is easy because you can type German words without touching the German keyboard. To create an umlaut, you just need to write the main voice, like any of the works, and add a letter after it e, for example:
- Ä – AE
- Ö-OU
- Ü – UE
As you may have noted, there is no special allowance for ß. Sometimes it is replaced with secondlys (ss), but this does not always comply with the spelling rules of German language. So why bother? For additional help, use method No. 2.
Copy the required symbol from the Internet.
There is no need to walk far. Just see the required symbol ( Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü, ß), And insert your text. There is little to this that you need to steadily trim the site with the necessary symbols at hand. You won’t be able to get away with it, because through the skin of your words you’ll end up intertwining and again copying the devil’s umlaut and everything.
Install the German language on your computer.
Everything here is very simple. You need to go to the settings of your operating system and download the German language. This will take just a few tricks, after which you can add the German layout to your basic accounts Alt + Shift or else Win+ spacebar(Windows 10).
Dear readers, you will immediately recognize that the arrangement of symbols on a German keyboard varies depending on the way they are called. If you use this method, you will have to remember how to arrange all the symbols on the keyboard!
Buy a gum pad for your keyboard
If you can’t remember the layout of the required symbols (so, it’s not easy), then we specially came up with silicone keyboard covers for you to replace your main layout. The stinks are even cheaper (about 200 rubles) and are unmistakable from the market. This, perhaps, is the most effective way to deal with a German woman, since you have to deal with a German woman every day.
Practice speaking German in a live dance with Christophe
Christoph Deininger is the German compiler of our Deutschklasse online center. He has his own profile on Facebook and regularly keeps in touch with everyone around him. If you would like to learn how to work quickly on the German layout, just add Christophe to a friend on Facebook And already after a month of active spilting you will feel like a fish in the water.
It’s like you still have a bad German language – it’s okay, because Christophe knows the Russian language wonderfully. Give Christophe to a friend and enjoy German at a good time.
German letters with dots are of great importance for all language. There are a lot of them in your warehouse, and you need to know how and where to get them.
What is umlaut?
Translated from German, the word “umlaut” means “revote”. In principle, the meaning can convey the sense term. Umlaut is a sign that indicates a phonetic change in articulation, as well as in the timbre of voices. These include the letters “a”, “o” and “u”. On the leaf the stinks look like this: ä, ö, ü. If we translate the German letters with speckles into the beast in transcription, the following will come out: ä = ae; ö = oe; ü = ue. It is important to know which word has the same letter, which is distinguished by the same letter. However, not so much. It is important that “ä” appears close to “e”, “ö” is like “e”, and “ü” is like “yu”.
Typing on the keyboard
When learning the German language and reading from the native inhabitants of Germany, there is a need to type the sad umlaut on the keyboard. And the letter “escet” (seems to be the symbol of all “beta” - ß) as well. Where can I find German letters with specks of animals on the keyboard? This power supply is rich, but here you only need to change the settings and layout parameters. Another secondary keyboard will be required for ease of use. If there is no such possibility, then you can simply replace letters with letters, as discussed earlier – ue, ae, oe. And “escet” means the same thing that is subordinated to “s”. Such writing will not be taken into account for pardon, even if any German could understand such a word (for example, football: Fußball = Fussball).
Tricks of the set
However, since people “rarely see” such writing, and because they just love literacy and don’t want to stand in front of the Germans, I don’t know, then there is a small secret that you can use quickly when typing information or text. You can simply enter the search bar in any browser under the name “German alphabet” and click on the search. After whom those who are necessary will appear. It's the alphabet. You need to open it and copy the German letters with points to the beast. In order not to waste time, you can save them either to a separate file or to bookmarks. Or better yet, it’s best to install a German layout. This is not so difficult to do, you just need to go to the control panel through “Start”, then find the item “language and regional standards” and through the installation service add the necessary language to the settings. On the Russian keyboard, the letter “Ä” is placed in the place of “E”, “Ö” is in the same place, where i is “Zh”, “Ü” is “X”, and “beta” (esset) is transferred to the “dash” key. Years before such a layout can be called, especially if you often use umlauts.
Significance
And finally, about the role played by German letters with dots to animals. Great and small people are even more important. Regardless of whether a letter with a dot or without a dot is placed in a word, it will replace the word. A parallel can be drawn between German umlauts and Russian voices. So, for example, even the intonation in us transforms into an ancient castle. And in German, two dots can turn “already” into “harniy”. Talk about the word “sch(o/ö)n”. "Schon" is translated as "beautiful" ("Du bist sehr schön" - "more than garna"). It is also important not only to write such words correctly, but also to understand them. To better master such specific material, it is recommended to listen to audio recordings, since it is not possible to go to a teacher who speaks German. Of course, you can read words with transcription, but most often, students begin to identify letters with umlauts clearly. Tobto, this is a clear expression of “e”, “yu” and more characteristic of “e”. So it’s not to blame, such sounds are heard delicately and softly. Today there is a great number of video audio lessons. After a lot of training, you will already see some results.
In addition to ablaut, similar to the Indian European language (which is systematically present in all Indian European languages), umlaut It’s a vinyatkovo German phenomenon. I would like to know that similar assimilation took place in other Indo-European languages. For example, in Russian dialects there is a similar phenomenon, if the sound is heard through those that have a new value, while in Russian there is a tendency towards softness and hardness of voices.
Term umlaut in German language As well as a lot of other things, having created a moznavetsya Grimm. You can shift it like this voice or else re-vote. I call it vikorist in relation to German languages. For others, different terms will be used.
It’s not surprising, but in the German language, umlaut is pronounced approximately in the same place as in the old English one. These are the same positions:
· multiplicity
· Another and third person is experiencing strong pain at this hour
· When creating words with different suffixes
Ale, in German, at the end of the day, as it turns out, in the decision of German speakers, we will know the most grammatical function and become productive. This is why we use grammaticalization. This means what the words are, de umlaut is not justified by phonetics! So, for example, the word "Stab", which means staff, the plural “Stäbe” is analogous to words like “Gast” - “Gäste”, and the umlaut is completely natural.
Nagolos
The Indian-European voice, as established by the historical-historical grammar, is not dynamic (based on appearance), as in German languages or Russian languages, but musical (associated with the pitch of the tone), as in the New Greek and current Lithuanian and Serbian languages .
The German system is based on the historical continuation and development of the foreign-Indo-European system. So, just as in Indo-European the voice could fall on any word structure, in German it was seen as a stress deprived of the first word structure (or word form). In this case, the first stress warehouse, as a rule, is associated with the root morpheme. Reducing the semantic meaning of the prefix, suffix and ending, adding voice, easily lent itself to phonetic reduction. Consolidation of the voice, based on Werner’s law, increased close to 500 rubles. BC e.
At dvn. The voice of the majority of cases fell on the first warehouse: firstly, all words without prefixes, differently, a significant number of words with prefixes, mostly names and adjectives. For example, "fater," redinon, "lango, "unde, "druhtin;" antuurti "Antwort", "forasagon "vorsagen", "urlub "Erlaubnis".
There was no voice in the first warehouse. There is a lot less quantity of sliver, lower first. These are basically words (and subordinate names) with the prefixes ga-, gi-, ge-; za-, zi-, ze-; ant-, ent-, int-; ar-, ir-, er-; far-, fur-, fir-, fer-; bi-, be-. In these cases, the voice fell into the warehouse after the prefix: gilouben, irteilen "urteilen" etc.
What about word-creating suffixes, so. “Important” suffixes, then the deeds from them carried a different line of words: arbeitsamo, keloublich. Through their own voice, such suffixes largely preserve their phonetic image: arbeitsam, glaublich.
Throughout the long-standing Upper German period, the shock warehouse (importantly the root) represents a strong position for voices, then. All voice phonemes, such as monophthongs and diphthongs, are pronounced under the voice. Proof of this is the found monuments, where in the unvoiced warehouse there can be both short voices, and long ones, and the diphthong iu. However, a warehouse that is not constantly exposed becomes a weak position. This process is called the reduction of voices, then. There is a purely mechanical, articulatory “weakening” of unvoiced voices (front or post-stress), in which the grammatical role played by the terminal folds (for example, with inflectional morphemes) is important. The end of a word gradually becomes an arena for not only phonetic, but also morphological factors, which include:
Examples include short words -a, -e, -i;
The share of terminal -n and -s in German languages;
Type of terminal teeth in folding devices (t, d) - farant > faran;
The shortness of the end long voices;
Replacing the terminal m with n for the arrogant position, it is important for the inflection:
ahd. tagum (D.P1.) – mhd. Tagen
Shortening of tri-fold drains:
hanono > hanon > hane
gebono > gebon > geben.
At St. The reduction of voicings in the unvoiced position will continue, leading to meaningful phonetic words, to a wide extended adjective, for example,
sprichet > spricht,
worden > worn,
During this period, the middle warehouse will fall away and the tri-warehouse structure will be transformed into a two-warehouse structure: krebazo > krebz, mennisko ^ men(ne)sche, and the process of transformation of the warehouse into the two-warehouse structure will also be avoided. reorganized by ourselves into a single warehouse: weralt > werlt > welt; zwelif > zwelf.
U nvn. The entire word categories are linked to the suffixes of foreign origin -ant, -ist, -at, ismus, -ie, -ei, -ieren and others, which sound loudly at the end or in the middle of the word:
Molkerei, Philosophic, Sozialist, Sozialismus, demonstrieren, etc.
The verbal voice emerges from a number of words with a phonological differentiation function:
"Passiv-pas"siv, "Aktiv - ak"tiv.
Pіzni zapozhennya zavigayut nagolos, vívivili movі, za yakhi iz zapozhennogo zapozhenenya:
Ele"fant, Peri"ode, The"ater, Reli"gion, etc.
Behind the type, it is not enough to calmly transfer German words to the voice to the end and middle warehouse: equal. Forelle (vn. forhele), which allows us to talk about the frequent structure of the frames of accentual lines, characteristic of the German phonetic system.
Voice and phoneme system
The most important sign of German language is a dynamic (powerful) voice in the first (root) warehouse. In non-prefixed words, the names of the root and first forms are avoided. In words and names with prefixes, the place of the voice is different: in prefix names and prefixes the voice falls on the first warehouse, then the prefix, and in prefix words - on the root warehouse: por. goth."andahafts "vіdpovіd" i and"hafjan "vіdpovіdati". One of the same prefixes, in place of a voice in a word, could have a different character, different sound variations: most of them - in nominal expressions, that is, and another world of reductions - in words. The reason for this difference in voices, perhaps, lies in the difference in frequency of their work. The consolidation of a strong, dynamic voice in the first warehouse contributed to the development of the German style and strengthened the trends that were already active during the period of the German style. He saw the main warehouse in the senses and stored, perhaps, reductions of the unused warehouses; As a result of the laws of the end, the words of the long voices were shortened, and the short ones were weakened and reduced or fell out altogether. The first stage of reduction may have already taken place in the German language base; this trend then operated with varying strength in different Germany.
vowels: partial or complete assimilation of the front vowel of the adventive, including the root vowel of the final vowel (suffix or inflection).
Umlaut in German languages
Umlaut in the old English language
[u] → [y] (*fuljan → fyllan "remind") → (*ontunjan → ontynan “open the crook”; equal tun "fence") [o] → [œ] → [e] (*dohtri → dœhter → dehter "daughter") → [œ:] → (*foti → fœt → fēt “legs”; equal: fōt "leg") [a] → [e] (*taljan → tellan "rospovisti"; por. talu "opovіdannya") → [æ:] (*hāljan → hǣlan "to kiss"; hāl "healthy")Umlaut in the old Upper German language
- Mann - Manner ([a] - [ɛ])
- Haus - Häuser ( - , similar to Vimovi eu yak)
- Hof - Höfe ([o] - [œ])
- Buch - Bücher ([u] - [y])
Vimova umlautiv
- ä - yak e
- ö - position of the movie when e, And lips - like when about
- ü - position of the movie when і, And lips - like when at
Turkic umlaut
The greatest umlaut appears consistently in Uyghur (both behind the sound -i-, which is phonological in neutral Uyghur, and in labials): bash"head" - beši"yogo/її/їх head", teš-"roll" - töšük"Dirka". In the Yakut language, which consistently implements synharmony, such an umlaut actually intersects with an ablaut: Khatin//Khotun"Woman." Between the Ablaut lies the Tatar-Bashkir Cherguvannya. un "10" - сікзəн//хікəн "80", tuksan//tuҡhan“90”, fragments of synchronized drawing of a narrow and wide timbre without understanding.
The gateway synharmonism expands on service elements to convey the main word, for example: bu kün > bügün"today" bu jıl > bıjıl"tsogo roku", Turkish o bir > öbür“other” (bilateral synharmonism, regressive in series, progressive in deterioration).
Roman umlaut
Romance languages can be divided into two, or at least three, timbre characteristics depending on the openness/closeness of the vocal tone.
Palatal inflection (I-umlaut) explains the actions of cherguwan in Portuguese:
fiz < */fetsi/ «я сделал», но fez < */fetse/ «он сделал»).Umlaut, as before, has a place in many current Romanesque languages, for example, in the Central Venetian language, in which the Kintseviy is preserved:
te parchigi < */parchégi/ «ты паркуешь свою машину», но parchégio"I'm parking."Inflexion
Under inflection there is a change closed oі e V uі i under the influx of advancing voices u,i or sonants w, j, as well as a number of other vocals that are interpreted as palatal. Most consistently carried out in the Ibero-Roman, and also in the Balkan-Roman.
Balkan-Roman umlaut. Refraction
Refraction is called diphthongization e > ea(negru-neagră) o > oa(tot-toată) under the influx of steps aі e in the Balkan-Roman languages. In the current Romanian, however, ea suddenly develops into e under the influx of offensive e In addition, refraction does not work in many cases.
Cream of refraction, in some Balkan-Roman languages there is a fundamental alophonic variation ı//i, a//ə//e carefully from the offensive voice (zokrema, in literary Romanian).
Div. also
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Notes
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Urivok that characterizes Umlaut
Grandma truly loved to cook, and no matter how shy she was, it would be incredibly delicious. These could have been Siberian dumplings that smelled so much that all our neighbors started saying “hungry” shit. Or my favorite cherry-syurd cheesecakes, which literally melted in my mouth, depriving me of the ever-amazing taste of warm fresh berries and milk... And also the simplest pickled mushrooms, which I briefly fermented in an oak cauldron And with currant leaves, dill and garlic savory yak- Perhaps in my life, I don’t care about those that today I have traveled more than half the world and tasted all sorts of sweets, about which, it would seem, it would be possible to lose my death. But these unforgettable smells and savory grandma’s “mystery” could not at all darken any of the fragrant and refined foreign herbs.And, looming over such a homely “charm”, I, in the heat of my homeland, stopped eating one fine day. Now I no longer remember what the reason was, why it just happened for some reason unknown to me, as it happened before. I just completely wasted my time before any kind of pronunciation, even though I didn’t feel any weakness or confusion, but instead I felt extremely easy and miraculous. I was trying to explain everything to my mother, but, as I realized, she was heavily smeared with my new black tie and didn’t want anything at all, but honestly was trying to get rid of me.
I felt really sick and started vomiting because of the new portion of my skin. Only pure water was accepted by my exhausted little boat with satisfaction and ease. Mom was already in a panic when our family doctor, my cousin Dana, suddenly came to us. My mother was glad to see me and, of course, immediately told her our whole “greedy” story about my hunger. And how glad I was when I felt that “there is nothing so terrible in this anymore” and that I could lose my peace at any moment without being violently stuffed into me! I thought that my generous mother didn’t believe it at all, but there was nowhere to go, and she wanted me to be calm at any time.
Life immediately became easy and acceptable, which is why I felt absolutely fine and there was no longer that constant, nightmarish sensation of scholastic spasms that had always accompanied the skin experience of the least experience of life. It was close to two years. All my feelings seemed to light up and my emotions became richly bright and strong, and the most important thing was spitting out, and the decision went to another plane.
My dreams changed, or rather, I began to have the same and the same, repeating dreams - otherwise I would rise above the ground in a rapture and walk freely without stumbling on my heels for lies. It was so real and incredibly beautiful, it felt like every time I jumped up, I desperately wanted to go back. This dream was repeated every night. I still don’t know what happened. It was alright and after a lot of fates. And now, before I wake up, I often dream of that same dream.
Apparently, his brother came to visit him from the place where he was alive at that hour, and at the hour of his marriage, he told him that he had recently produced a very good film and started his confession. What a thrill it would be if I suddenly realized that I already knew in advance what they were going to talk about! And even though I knew absolutely for sure that I had never watched this film, I could tell you everything from start to finish with all the details... I didn’t tell anyone about it, but I wanted to be careful that I might show up like crazy. And of course, my original “new girl” didn’t feel bad about herself for a long time.
At that hour, old ancient legends were passing by the school. I was in a literature class and the teacher said that today we are studying “The Song of Roland.” Then, unbeknownst to myself, I raised my hand and said that I could recite this song. The reader was very surprised and asked that I often read old legends. I said not often, but I know that. Although, to be honest, there are still a lot of nasty things - stars?
The first day, that day, I was shed in romant, I often often have my own pam'yati. I was a little tired of this “influx” of unknown information, which, probably, was simply rich for my childish psyche. As soon as the fragments came out, then, perhaps, what was it needed for? And I completely calmly accepted everything, just as before, I accepted everything unknown that my wondrous and untold lot brought me.
