Nadannya dolikarskoy medical help for fractures. First aid help for fractures of the ends. What to do with broken ribs

Fracture - ushkodzhennya of the brush with damage to the її integrity.

Fractures are blamed through deyakі zahvoryuvannya, pov'yazanі zі zі zіzhennym ії ії ії ії ї ї znachnoi ї ї stok, аl most stench mаyut traumatic nature і v_dbuvayutsya through podіnnya, dorozhno-transportnі prigodnі or іnshі raptovі dії znachnoї ї znachnoi ї khіchnіchї ї na kіstku.

Two types of fractures are seen:

• Closed, in those who have poshkodzhenni cysts, the skin is not ushkodzhenny;
• Vіdkritі, scho are characterized by skin rupture, severe bleeding and high infection.

Symptoms of fractures

The main symptoms of closed fractures are:

• Strong or shooting bіl at the dilyantsі of the brush;
• The deformation of the brush is different, or the friability of any segment of the tip is abnormal;
• Strong bіl pіd hour of ruhu or obezhennya ruhu.

Vіdkritі fractures are characterized by additional symptoms - wounds with arterial, venous, mixed or capillary bleeding, as if it were pronounced by a different world. When it is broken, the brush, as a rule, is exposed to a greater and lesser world.

Most of the victims suffered from a closed fracture of the back, however, as a numerical fracture, it can be accompanied by a traumatic shock.

First aid for closed fractures

The first dopomog in case of closed fractures of the polegaє at the fixation of the kintsivka. In case of chymu vіd її yakostі stale morbidity is felt in the victim.

A tire is put on a poshkodzhenu brush for the strict rules. In case of this, it is not necessary to tightly wrap the small area, so as not to damage the active blood flow. In cases of depression, if it is necessary to put on a splint during the day, you can “push” a hand on a plait, and bandage an injured leg to a healthy leg.

Also, with the first additional help in case of fractures, apply ice to the bone. Tse priyatima izmenshennu nabryaku and reduce the bіl and imovіrnіst development of hematoma.

First aid for severe fractures

Nasampered, at the first additional treatment for severe fractures, it is necessary to apply an antiseptic dressing to the skin around the wound and put on a sterile bandage.

Oskіlki vіdkritiy fracture kintsіvki sound accompanied by great bleeding, may be blamed for the need to impose a blood spinal tourniquet.

In case of first aid, it is not necessary to correct the obvious deformations of the tip, but it is more necessary to set the brushes in the depths of the wound, so that they protrude on the surface, so as not to infect the wound, and also not to hurt the nerves of the attacker and the attacker.

First aid for broken ribs

Signs of a fracture of the ribs are bіl with rukh, cough, dihanni chi channi.

With the first additional help in case of fracture of the ribs, to change the back of the victim, put it in a supine position. Call the broken rib without internal problems not to cause serious health problems and the injured person can be taken to the hospital or to the emergency room by car.

For the presence of such symptoms, which can tell about the failure of the internal organs, follow the negligent call to help:

• Difficulty breathing, which will guess the breath;
• Vision of red blood;
• Promoted help and disorientation.

Persha help with a fracture of the ridge

A fracture of the ridge is one of the least safe injuries, as a result, chips can damage the spinal cord, which can lead to the development of paralysis of none or all of them. The symptoms of a fracture of the ridge are severe pain at the ridge and the inability to turn and bend one's back.

At the first additional help in case of a fracture of the ridge, the victim should be laid on his back on a hard surface. As in the process of recovering from injuries of the ridge, the injured lie on their backs, it is impossible to lift them by the legs and shoulders, so as not to harm the spinal cord. In this case, the dolly or the other hard surface should be carefully lifted under the victim, without lifting yoga from the pidlogs. You can also turn yoga on a living, controllable, so that the toulub does not bend over for an hour of lifting.

Transportation to the hospital is only allowed on hard burdens, so for the sake of it, you can vicorate whether available materials - doors, wooden shield or boards.

First aid for fractures of the lower limbs

Break the bones of the homilk and the bones with the most frequent fractures of the lower limbs. As a rule, in the case of a fracture, after an injury, the growth is swelling, and the fracture itself is accompanied by a sharp pain.

Poshkodzhenіy nose at the first additional help it is necessary to put on the correct position, in front of you taking it inwardly.

For immobilization, it is possible to vicorate whether it is handy - legs, boards or rods, as if they are applied on the inner and outer surfaces of the legs. At the same time, fix two snowdrifts at once - homilk-stoppy and kolіnny.

Fracture of the knee joint is very painful and often accompanied by deformity. With the first additional help in case of fractures, it was not necessary to force the knee to straighten by force. It is necessary to put the victim in the most comfortable position for the new position and to fix the fixation, having rolled up the bolsters around the shabby legs from a blanket or fabric.

First aid for fractures of the upper limbs

Signs of a fracture of the hands are bіl in the process of the cyst, an unnatural form of kіntsіvki, swelling and atypical frilliness in the muscles, there is no snow.

For this first help, put on a splint, or move your hand on the braid to the neck, after which bandage it to the toelub. You can also apply cold to the point of injury.

In case of a fracture of the brushes of the hand, for the first dokarska, help should be bandaged up to a wide splint, as if shackling the hand in the middle of the front of the shoulder to the tip of the fingers. The fingers of the guilty should be left loose and weakly bent, and the palm of the shaky hand should be put in front of the chest with cotton wool or a bandage.

Persha dopomoga with cracked fractures

Fracture cracks sound accompanied by a change of contours in soft fabrics and the difficulties of movement. Sound at the first additional help in case of fracture of the slit, do not apply a bandage around the head. With such a fracture, it is necessary to deliver the victim to the hospital, in case of any possible crack, the patient should be taken to the bottom with a lid.

First aid for fracture of the clavicle

Signs of a fracture of the clavicle, hostrial bіl, and її dilyantsі that is clearly pronounced swelling.

For first aid, put a small piece of gauze near the inguinal cavity, cotton wool or some soft material, and bandage the hand bent in the elbow under a straight kut to the coat. Also, you can put ice or wet towels on the cold water area.

Fracture - tse povne or chastkove damage to the integrity of the cyst under the influx of pressure, which outweighs the bone. Vіn can appear as a result of injuries, and also on aphids of various ailments, with which the characteristics of the bone minerality change.

Traumatic fractures of the bones can be severe and closed. In case of closed injuries, the skins are twisted, and when they are damaged, the integrity of the skins is broken, and the contact between the evil eye and the evil heart is caused.

Signs and symptoms

Even though a fracture is visible with an invisible eye, the sign of closed injuries sometimes causes difficulties. Especially as the brush cracked, otherwise I won’t break it.

Use a number of signs that indicate a fracture:

• acute pain syndrome at the time of injury and after it. The bіl grows in case of any kind of disruption and opportunism;
• visual deformation and unnatural position of the ending, її shortening;
• pathological fragility - the impossibility of zdіysnyuvat zvichnі ruhi chi, navpaki, not powerful kіncіvki ruhlivіst;
• appearing in a rush, hematomas and injuries.

The first aid in case of fractures is rich in which the result is significant and embeds in the swelling of the growth of the bones, favoring the development of a smoother appearance of bleeding, displacement of the cystic ulamkіv and damage to the sharp edges of the vessels and nerves. Zavdyaki correct sequence can be ahead of post-traumatic shock.

The first dolikarska dopomog maє kіlka tsіley:

• immobilization - the creation of non-irritability of the cysts at the site of the fracture;
• a bit of bleeding, like a won;
• antiseptic treatment of the wound for її presence;
• shvidke that dbaylive transportation of the victim to the medical mortgage.

closed type

It is necessary for us to call for help, then we will ensure the integrity of the injured part of the body. As the kіntsіvka suffered, next place it on the pillow. Before the injury, it is necessary to apply cold - pidide, for example, ice from the freezer or a package from frozen products. Lіd or a package of obov'yazkovo is wrapped with a towel or cloth, to avoid frostbite. Injured people can be given warm tea or an analgesic drink.

In case of self-transportation, it is necessary to lay a tire with any handy materials - boards, cardboard, lizh, lizhny tsipkiv. The timing splint can be built from a standard parasol, especially as it is simply foldable and not automatic.

The first aid in case of fractures is composed of a total of three parts - sickness, pain relief and transportation.

Two solid objects of the song's back are applied to the tip from two sides and bandaged tightly, but not tight, so as not to damage the blood circulation. For the width of the bandage or the bandage, the tire is tied with a belt, a stitch, a skein or a belt.

For correct fixation, it is necessary to make two snowdrifts - higher and lower, a place of evil. For example, as if a person broke a gomilka, immobilizes (is unruly) knee and gomilkovostop. Fracture of the stegna vmagaє fixation of all suglobiv stegna.

In case of fracture of the tassel, only a homilk-foot lump is fixed in a physiologically viable position, if a straight kut is established between the foot of that homilk.

At the extreme point, if there are no suitable objects under the hand, tie the broken leg to the healthy leg, and the hand to the coat.

The transportation of a sick person with a broken leg is carried out in a lying position, the end is injured, ideally it can be taken.

Open type

There is no help in case of severe fractures, it starts from a bleeding spot, but it won't. With a small amount of blood loss, a bandage is enough to put pressure on. Bleeding is strong due to the twisting of the jgut, moreover, remember the hour of yoga overlay. It’s important at times of distant roads, if you happen to carry an ailing person over the year. The skin pіvgodini jgut needs to be loosened for 4-5 strands.

Shkir is soon treated with an antiseptic - green iodine. For the presence of any kind of face, the wound is simply covered with a clean cloth or a bandage. Farther, a splint is applied like in case of a closed fracture, but to fight carefully, bypassing the place with brush tricks to wash. Patients are delivered to the hospital or emergency room.

It is not possible to work with a fracture: it is self-defended to “put a brush on the spot” and carry an injured person without putting on a tire!

Varto also means that the critical fracture is unsafe for closure, shards are a risk of infection of the wound.

How to hope for help with a broken leg

The first aid in case of a leg fracture includes immobilization for an additional splint, a bleeding bleed and an antiseptic treatment of the wound (for example, an open fracture). Jgut for the need to impose more wounds, which help to inflict blood loss.

Strong pain can be relieved by taking an analgesic tablet such as a non-steroidal antiseptic drug such as Diclofenac and Ibuprofen.

Fracture nіg є with a wide type of fracture and traplyayutsya in people of different age. Most often the cause is a fall from a great height, a strong blow from a road accident. Athletes overcome fractures due to high physical strength, children - through their frailty, and people of a frail age often suffer from such injuries due to a natural decrease in bone density.

Significantly, that the leg is broken, it is possible for the onset of symptoms:

• the form of the ending has changed;
• in case of ruhs, it sounds like a crackle - crepitation - as you can a little or a little bit on a dotik;
• the leg is unnaturally bent or strongly bent;
• in case of severe injuries, fragments of cysts are visible in the wound.

The pain syndrome is aggravated by the movement and the axial thrust, it is impossible to stand on the foot. Step by step, swelling develops, blue breeze settles down. With great poshkodzhennya possible traumatic shock: a person’s lower back underestimates the severity of injuries, he is overexcited and pale, she has a frequent heart rhythm, the breath becomes urivcham.

The arterial pressure may rise, but most of the time the veins decrease. Step by step, the awakening is changed by the whiteness and galvanism, the exchange is changing, that it is water-creaming, it is blamed for the help and dryness of the mouth. Important changes do not include insomnia and impaired dichal function.

How to give help in case of injury to the leg

Most often, such an injury is taken away by people of a frail age, which is connected with age-old changes in the bone tissue and the peculiarities of being given a brush. The quilt is folded from the body, neck and head, and a weak neck in this system is a thin neck. In the greater vipadkіv, the very same breaks, more easily, fractures occur in the region of the great horn and virostkіv.

Although the symptoms of an open fracture may be already obvious, then closing the injury is difficult. Turn back your respect and show it like this:

• a strong pain in the stegni, which grows when trying to bend and lift your leg uphill;
• ruhati kіntsіvkoy more importantly chi zovsіm impossibly;
• the leg has become visually short, the shape is unnatural;
• at dilyantsі stegna posterіgaetsya pathological fragility;
• the color of the lower sashes of the legs changed and sensitivity decreased;
• Swidko zbіlshuєtsya nabryak and / or hematoma in the mist poshkodzhennya.

Fracture of the stem is a serious injury, as it often gives a complication. There are a lot of great vessels and nervous stovburs near this gallus, which can lead to massive bleeding, damage to the ruined building and decreased sensitivity.

The cream of this, the stegnova cyst rises to long tubular brushes, in the center of which there is a yellow cystic brain. Damaged integrity can lead to the consumption of particles of fat in the bloodstream, which, at its core, can end in a blockage (embolism) of the legenous artery.

In some cases, an ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction develops. With a massive fat embolism, there is a high risk of death, it is even more important for you to immediately visit the emergency department for help.

Immobilization in case of a fracture of the leg is best to use for the help of the tire of Diterichs, it is allowed to use handy materials and fix the leg with planks from two opposite sides.

The bus of Diterikhs is the most effective attachment for immobilization of the leg in case of fracture of the leg.

If it is necessary to carry the victim far away, it is necessary to add a third tire (you can use it).

Nebkhіdno znerukhomiti all three sugloby - tazostegnovy, kolіnny i homіlkovostopny. It cannot be assumed that the bus was on the road and the brushes that protrude. І sche kіlka rules:

• you can’t walk and find yourself in contact with the wounded wound;
• it is impossible to tightly tie the splint, so as not to damage the blood supply to that innervation. It is also important to periodically review, if the color of the leg is not changed, if there is no name, and if necessary, loosen the bandage;
• it is not possible to fix the tire too weakly;
• the foot should be slid into the position with a straight cut to the hoof, otherwise it will sag, so that you can call out the replacement of the brush ulamkiv;
• under the tire next lay a soft pad, to prevent the formation of bedsores, especially near the zone of snow;
• fights to pull and squeeze by the leg, “setting” the broken brush in such a rank.

UVAGA: to those who give me help, it’s more important to save that cold-bloodedness.

How to help with a broken arm

The first medical aid in case of injury of the upper end may not be treated like this in case of minor injury. Naygolovnіshe - correctly and swiftly unruly the hand, so as the call of the building to turn the closing of the fracture into an open one.

The method of immobilization of the hand of the descriptions is greater - before it, from two sides, wooden planks or pieces of long plywood are attached. Like an unfortunate vapadok standing at a private booth, for tires you can take tree twigs.

In case of a fracture of the humeral brush, one plank is placed in the shoulder, and the other is placed in parallel in front of the shoulder. Kіntsіvka zakryplyuєєtsya in zіgnutom pіd іn a straight kutom position, zastosovuєtsya kosinkov's bandage.

It is even easier to make a bandage-kosinu: whether the fabric is folded diagonally and wrapped around the front. Whenever the hand is in front of the chest, it is bent at the elbow under a straight kut. Dali kіntsi kosinki wind up for a neck and tie up. In order to prevent the usunennia of the cystic ulamkiv, the edges of the bandage should be tied tighter.

DOVIDKA: transportation of the victim with a broken arm is required in a sitting position.

The width of fractures of the shoulder becomes approximately 7% in the case of a large number of ears, so that the shoulder brushes break even more often. Such an injury is accompanied by sharp pain sensations, swelling and obvious shortening of the arm. The hands are intermingled, with occasional nervous stovburivs, one does not dare to turn one's fingers, or clench the hand at the fist.

Kosinkovі bandages є by the universal method of restoring traumatized hands

For the obviousness of the ulamkiv, one can feel the scraping of fragments of brushes. A fracture of the shoulder can be aggravated by bloody in the loam: as the cyst is broken closer to the elbow, the blood is stingy in the lobe of the loin. In times of damage to the integrity of the cyst at the proximal vein, the blood wiggles at the shoulder loin.

You can not forget about the moral camp of the sick. Next, if you can, calm down yoga, give an analgesic pill, and if necessary, then suggest Valocordin chi Cordiamin.

DOVIDKA Cordiamin is an analeptic (Greek: analeptikos - reassuring), which will be corny, as the victim has signs of post-traumatic shock.

In case of fractures of the arm, that shoulder is protected by pulling or pulling on the arm, trying to put the brushes at the right position.

Cho robiti, yakscho zlamany ridge

Similar injuries can be severe and can become a threat to the life of the victim. It is necessary to clear the body and fix it in one position.

As it appeared, that the ridge of evil, the sequence will be like this:

• The person is carefully lifted up and transferred to the surface, whether it be a soft surface, a couch, even a bed. Robiti tse mayut kіlka people, bazhano three or four. Even more importantly, the uzgodzhenistvo of diy pomіchnіv, rivki and rіzkі ruhi are not allowed.
• Ailments lie on your back, tie yoga with belts, skeins, and bandages, so that the use of brush ulamkivs will disappear.
• Lay a person on a stretcher as soon as they are down, then they are alive, but if they suspect a fracture of the neck, they should lie on their backs.
• Like signs of a fracture of the pelvic cysts, the legs are laid out like a toad.

DOVIDKA: without hospitality, it is impossible to transfer people. These functions should be trusted to physicians. Vinyatok to become an emergency, if the lack of a house with an injury threatens life - for example, for an hour after an earthworm.

In case of fractures of the cervical ridges, it is necessary to build a strong and high ridge for fixation of the neck. For this purpose, a towel, gauze or fabric, cotton wool is rolled into a yak with a ball of 2-3 cm. The width of the room is due to the height of the neck. To creak it, you can vicorate Velcro, stationery violins, zatiskachi and other.

Transportation of the victim with a fracture of the cervical ridges - this is an even more serious journey, for which at least 3 individuals are required

Like a person lying on his back, the commander can’t get up, the shards of yoga can’t be ruined. At the same time, under the roof, a folded sprat of a ball towel or other fabric is used. Then, from the towel or gauze, two rollers are twisted and spread out from the sides of the head. So that they don’t stink, you can put a charge on the rollers of books and other important items.

Most important

In most cases, eyewitnesses fail to gain special knowledge, and when given the first help, they make gross mistakes. Wrong actions can stretch out the hour of renewal, and in the worst of times - damage the suffering life.

In case of fractures of the ends and other parts of the body, it is not possible:

• godavati chi to scare people, krіm vipadkіv prophylaxis of traumatic shock;
• namagatisya straighten your arm and leg primusovo;
• in case of severe fracture, the wounds are removed from the wound;
• without extreme necessity to move the injured person or change the position of the damaged part of the body;
• pour iodine, brilliant green and other antiseptics directly into the wound: stench can cause pain shock;
• zastosovuvat brudni perev'yazuvalnі materials.

About come in before the pain shock and tell the medical team that you arrived. Information about the patient taking analgesics, or alcohol can be corianic, which means that you need to have a rough anesthesia for a little more exaltation.

A fracture is a damage to the integrity of the cyst with the force of a traumatic agent, which outweighs the reserve of the thickness of the cystic tissue. The first help for the hour of fractures is carried out by the doctors of the brigade of the help. Correctly vikonnі medichnі come in zabіgayut poshkodzhennya soft fabrics with hostile brushes and advance the development of comfort. In times of impossibility, call a team of doctors, I can’t help you to give relatives of the victim or the victim a certificate of affidavit.

Hourly, that competently carried out, come in and take care of people's lives and save the development of disability. Therefore, the basic rules of giving indispensable help in times of bone fractures are important to know the skin of a person.

Fracture is blamed when a significant force is poured onto the bone, which outweighs the boundary strength of the bone tissue. The stench is like traumatic, and pathological. In the first fall, the injury is caused by impact, during the first hour of road transport, or when falling from a great height, if the factor causing the injury is influencing a healthy cyst. In another case, the deformation of the cyst is blamed for the insignificant force of the traumatic agent on the pathological changes in the musculoskeletal apparatus of various ailments, for example, osteoporosis, tuberculosis, plumpness. Pathological fractures tend to grow richer due to traumatic defects of the cyst.

Fallow in terms of severity, fractures are subdivided into sprat species:

• vіdkritі - are characterized by poor zvnіshnіh pokryvіv z utvorennymi wounds or defect shkіri hospital fragments of the brush (reports about vіdkritі fractures can be read here);
• close zі zm_shchennyam kіstkovykh ulamkіv – zmіna anatomically correct position of the kіstkovyh ulamkіv, yakі can injure nakolishhnі m'yakі tissue, without poshkodzhennya zvnіshnіh pokrivіv;
• closed without blockage of the cystic ulama - characterized by cracks in the cystic tissue, anatomical position of the cyst and the integrity of the guardrail (details about closed fractures can be read here).

A special type of injury is vvazhayut vnutrіshnyosuglobovі fractures. The stench is accompanied by defects in the bone tissue, which makes the swamp. Such cases are characterized by accumulation of bloody exudates in the empty segments (hemarthrosis). It is important to diagnose without an X-ray follow-up.

Clinical manifestation of a fracture:

• intensive bіl at the dilyantsі ushkodzhennya;
• disruption of the normal configuration of the tip;
• swelling of the area of ​​injury;
• podovzhennya or shortened arms, legs;
• krepitatsiya pіd hour obmatsuvannya pіlyanki injuries;
• damage to the fragility of the damaged part of the body and the tip.

With severe injuries of the bones, bleeding often develops due to damage to the arterial or venous vessels. Closed injuries of the bones can be accompanied by internal bleeding of various degrees of severity with established hematomas.

Principles of first aid medical assistance.

The first aid in case of fractures of the bones is used in the treatment of wounds with antiseptics, analgesics and unruly injured parts of the body (transport immobilization). The wound heals in case of severe fractures, if the sharp edges of the cystic ridges break the integrity of the skin and come out of the name. Such defects are shkiri schilnі to іnfіkuvannya, scho calling purulent aggravation in looking at osteomyelitis, phlegmon, sepsis. The edges of the wound should be treated with diamond green, water peroxide, iodine and put on a sterile gauze bandage.

It is fenced off independently to set the kistkovі ulamki in the middle of the wound. Tse bred to the point of poshkodzhennya soft fabrics and cause pain shock in the victim. In case of guilty bleeding, a bandage is applied to press, or a medical tourniquet. Arterial bleeding is characterized by a gushing stream of blood of bright red color. In such a state of mind, a tourniquet is applied more after the injury. Bleeding from the veins is accompanied by a whirlpool of a streak of blood of a dark cherry color, with this bandage, to press, put on the bottom of the leg of the judge. Closed fractures sound accompanied by internal bleeding. In such cases, before the time of the hematoma, you should add an ice pack.

To reduce the intensity of pain sensations, give analgesics - ketorolac, maxicold, pentalgin. After the treatment of the wound, the bleeding from the wounded judge and the pain relief, proceed to the application of splints for the healing of the deformed brushes. Transport immobilization is an important first line of aid for fractures. It is necessary to deliver the injured person to the emergency room or traumatological care after the immobilization of the injured vein. It prevents injury to soft tissues, as well as the development of pain (traumatic) shock, which can cause a fatal result.

For transport immobilization vicorist standard medical splints or attachments made of handy materials. Standard medical tires are available at the arsenal of first-aid posts, trauma centers, and help teams. With the help of unprofessional help, non-professionals often have to win the improvisation of tires, prepared from chicks, clubs, cardboard, lizh, planks.

See standard tires:

• plywood (tires of Diterikhs);
• drotyanі (Kramer's tires);
• vacuum (pneumatic).

Standard and improvised splints are put on top of the clothes, soft rollers are placed under the protrusions of the brushes. As it is necessary to repair a wound, to cut a garment over a mitten to a defect in the skin. The main principle of immobilization is the absence of damage to two summaries with a lot of fluffy drifts. After the first medical aid, the injured person is delivered to the emergency room in the position drunk or lying down, lying down in the localization of injury.

Immobilization in fractures of the upper limbs and clavicle

In case of a fracture of the shoulder, use the Kramer's splint splint, so that the scapula is placed on the healthy half of the body to the middle of the front of the ailing arm. With this, the shoulder and elbow loam are disturbed. The tire is modeled on the person’s own, as if helping the injured, and then we’ll take care of the ailments of the kіntsіvtsі for additional bandaging.

A fracture of the bones of the front plate is immobilized behind the help of two wooden tires, as if they are irritating the lіktovy i promenevo-zastkovy suglob. After that, move your hand on the kosinkovy pov'yaztsy at the physiological position, bend at the apex of 90 degrees at the ulnar loam. For the presence of tires, bandage the hand with a fracture of the shoulder in front of the shoulder to the coat. Injury to the hand caused by the application of Cramer's splint or a wooden plank on the side of the hand from the fingertips to the elbow. A roller of soft tissue is placed in front of the bottom.

There is no additional help for fractures of the clavicle due to the immobilization of the hand on the side of the lesion, so that the plait is placed on the side of the tongue. In case of trivial transportation to the hospital, an eight-fold bandage is applied - as much as possible to bring forward the back and fix it in such a position behind the help of an elastic bandage or thin fabric. In case of a fracture of the fingers, the vicorist should be tightly bandaged, or bandage the injured finger to a healthy one.

Immobilization in fractures of the lower limbs and pelvis

In case of fracture of the bones of the homoline and the foot, the Cramer splint is applied to the back and side surfaces of the leg, with which the back splint is buried under the sole of the foot. Prystosuvannya mіtsno to bandage up to the lower kintsivka, non-irritating kolіnny i homilkovostopny suglob. Instead of standard outbuildings, you can vicorate handy materials - boards, friable cardboard, clubs.

Fracture of the quilt is immobilized with the tire of Ditirikhs, like a set of boards from plywood. For a long time, a part of the splint is applied to the outer surface of the leg to the inguinal depression. A short splint is placed on the inner side of the leg from the foot to the groin pad. With this, three drifts are disturbed - homilk-stoppy, kolіnny and kulshovy, which is connected with a significant amount of stegna, the insecurity of the great arterial vessels and nerves.

In case of fractures of the fingers of the foot of injuries, bandage the finger to a healthy one, putting a soft roller between them. Patients with a pelvic injury are hospitalized until traumatological discharge on heavy burdens lying on their backs. To reduce pain, the feet of an ailing child should die at the stakes and breed a kill, and under the knees of the snow, they put a roller for a robe.

Immobilization in fractures of the ribs and spinal column

Fragmented fractures of the ribs call for a risk of damage to the leg and the pleurisy. In case of improper hospitalization of a sick person, a pneumothorax may appear in the emergency room - accumulation of blood in the empty pleura, or hemothorax - accumulation of blood in the empty pleura. Tse break the breath and bring it up to the deterioration of the heart's activity. Therefore, a fracture of the ribs leads to the application of a circular hard bandage to the area of ​​the thoracic cavity. Bintuvannya to spend on vidihu. After putting on a bandage, sufferers die for help from the stomach. Tim himself suvayuvayut pain syndrome and risik appear more comfortable. For immobilization, you can use a stretcher, a bandage, a towel and other handy materials.

Correct dolіkarska dopomoga for fractures of the vertebral column helps to prevent the appearance of disability. Injury of the ridge is associated with a risk of injury to the spinal cord, which can lead to disruption of rukhovoї activity (paresis) lower than the month of fracture or total spondylitis (paralysis). The patient is transported to the hospital on solid burdens or shields. It is necessary to transfer the injured person to a stretcher for the help of a small number of people, as they simultaneously lift the shoulders, pelvis and legs of the injured person. Below, across that column, thick rolls are laid with a method of supporting the physiological camp of the ridge stovp. In case of trivial transportation, the sick person is fixed on the shield.

The first medical aid for fractures of the bones is in anesthesia, bleeding, wounds and safe transport immobilization. The correct application of the dolikarskoy help to prevent the development of hemorrhagic shock due to blood loss, pain shock due to injuries of soft tissues with sharp edges of the cystic ulama, injury to the spinal cord and formation of paralysis. The transport immobilization was competently carried out to improve the process of filling the defect of the bone and soft tissues, reducing the period of recovery and the risk of the onset of disability.

ABC-Medicine

Learn the basics of medical knowledge, take the first step to help the injured in an accident or an unfortunate fall

First help for fractures

Break

See the fractures, that persha did help;
Features of the first aid in case of some fractures:

Break the brushesє after a fall, a strong direct blow, on the way to transport that іn. The cyst at a fracture can be crushed or broken.

See the fractures

Separate vіdkritіі closed fractures.

• Let's close the fracture, because the skin over the broken brush is not broken (Fig. 1).

• The fracture is considered critical, as it caused damage to the integrity of the skin curves, so that the broken brush pierced the skin (Fig. 2) or a wound is visible in the area of ​​the fracture (Fig. 3). In these cases, microbes can be consumed at the wound, which is the cause of the infection.

• Razrіznyayut so called irregular fractures(cracks). The cyst with an uneven fracture is bent or may crack. Such fractures are most often seen in children, the bones of which are more likely to suck softness and gnuchki.

signs of fracture: strong bіl іn dіlyantsі injuries, poshkodzhenа kіntsіvka to lie in an unnatural position or look deformed; damage to the loss of rukhovoї functions; in the area of ​​the fracture, there may be swollen or blue.

+ Persha help

It is necessary for us to ensure the durability of the tire with the help of standard tires or other materials. The tire must be placed in such a rank, so that the inviolability of the two closest to the point of the fracture of the suglobs (higher and lower for the fracture) was reached. The unruly position of the ulamkіv changes bіl i zapobіgaє development of shock. Apply the tire carefully, so as not to remove the tricks of the brushes and not to call out the bіl.

Remember: in case of severe fractures, it is necessary to make a wound first, and then put a splint on the end. Do not destroy the evil brush and do not try to put її kіntsi on the spot. As if in the wound, you can see the brush tricks, before them, in some way, you can’t stick around and change your position.

Uvaga :

• Do not collapse the victim, as you do not threaten you without any harm.
• Try to give the sufferer the most beneficial for the new camp.
• Before transporting the injured person, fix the tip at the inviolable position.
• First of all, I will help you with fractures, take care of the problems of breathing or bleeding, for example, stench.
• Implant visits to weaken the shock.

Peculiarities of the first help for the current fractures

Break your ribs

The injured change of the buttocks are laid in a semi-sitting camp. If one rib is broken, the victim can be taken by car to the hospital. However, it is necessary to call for help, if I want one of these signs:

• to the victim it is important to go astray, he looked like he was poisoned;
• from the company one can see a red pin of blood;
• suffering from swearing at the sprague, she looks hopeless.

Qi signs can be evidence of the collapse of the organs of the chest or of the empty stomach.

Fracture at the knee joint

Tsei fracture is very painful. Quantity may be deformed. Do not try to straighten yoga by force. Put the victim in the best position for the new position. To close the fixation, having rolled up the rollers from the fabric or the plaid on the legs.

cleft fracture

Trauma, blow, fire injury can cause a fracture of the slit.

Zsuv ulamkіv slits can change the contours of soft tissues, especially in case of fractures of the lower slit. Shards in case of a fracture of a crack, the wound is rebuked by an empty company, it is important for the injured to speak; from the company you can clearly see the sleen covered in blood. Often the teeth are broken.

On the way to the hospital, he is guilty of priming his crack with the palms, folded with a caddy. Do not put a bandage around the head, so that the slime and vomitous masses could be seen without a break from the company. Follow the breath.

Fracture of the base of the skull

In case of a fracture of the base of the skull, the victim is guilty of lying on the side. In case of bleeding from the ear of the nose, it is not possible to wash the ears and the nose pass through the inability to penetrate into the empty skull of the infection.

spine fracture

A fall from a great height, a fall on your back, a fall in an unknown water (a blow to your head on an invisible underwater crossing, for example, a stone or a step from the old places) can be the cause of an injury to the ridge (a fracture of the ridge). In case of any possible injury and spinal cord with development of paralysis of both and none of all cases.

+ Persha help

Already with one suspicion of a fracture of the ridge, the victim, as if he were tired, must be laid on his back on a hard, hard bed. Transportation is allowed only on hard loads; To transfer the victim, you can beat a wooden shield, doors or boards.

Remember: the victim, who lies up in the mountains, cannot be lifted by the shoulders and legs through the insecurity of the spinal cord.

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First aid for fractures / first aid for fractures of the ridge, for fractures of the ribs, see fractures, fracture of the base of the skull, fracture of the patella and slit

The bone skeleton is the basis for the visualization of the rukhovy functions. Vіn can easily cope with admissible pressures, but in case of serious injuries, his mіtsnіst significantly decreases. At times, there is a fracture of one of the few cystic elements. What are the concerns of ushkodzhennya and how to give dolikarska help in case of fractures?

Dotrimuyutsya rozgornutoj klаsifіkatsії, for the help of which doctor-traumatologist chooses away from likuvannya.

According to the destruction of the structure:

• across;
• braid line;
• late;
• zі chipped;
• spiral or screw;
• driven in;
• two have more muscles.

Via winknennya:

• traumatic (in case of a sharp blow, fall, accident);
• pathological (chronic impairment of calcium synthesis and absorption, bone fracture, osteoporosis).

• vіdkritiy (brush to pass through the tissue of the name, accompanied by bloody in the m'yazi, great judges are often affected);
• zakritiya (injury of the cyst without torsion of the nerve, sudine and m'yazovoi tissue).

• displacement (the brush was killed after the reflex shortness of the m'yaza);
• zsuv vіdsutnya (at the brush є rozlom, ale won roztashovuєtsya along the axis).

Behind the step of poshkodzhennya:

• povniy (roz'ednannya brushes are found in two or more places);
• nonpovny (a crack is likely to chip at the wrist);
• green gіlka (the brush is broken in the middle or on the side, the outside ball is not poshkodzheniya).

Signs

It is possible to determine the poshkodzhennya of the brush independently. In case of trauma, the symptoms are acute, causing immediate discomfort. Early help to bring on in case of a severe fracture, help to save faceless complications.

Crazy

1. Kіntsіvki, Іnshі parts of the body are easily collapsing areas, de sugloby vіdsutnі.
2. The place of fracture is filled with an unnatural look through the opening of m'yaziv, bistal elements and ligaments.
3. For any taste of the rukh, a characteristic crackling or crepitation is characteristic. Vіn dobre auscultated through a phonondoscope.
4. In case of severe types of fracture, the superficial shkiri shows cystic elements, high hemorrhage from the artery.

Vіdnosnі

1. Vtrata svіdomosti ill on aphids traumatic shock.
2. Strong painful attacks against any adventurousness, in a calm camp.
3. Great or insignificant ripples (the same is used when slaughtering brushes, stretching, wiggles).
4. Hematomy. They appear in the form of blood pharynx under the upper ball of the shkir.

First aid for closed fractures

Close the window for less complicated, lower open types. Ale, in this mood, I can help you at once.

First aid for severe fractures

Vіdkritі trauma bear nebezpeku through razryv vessels. The high level of fluidity in the tissue and the great blood loss before the arrival of medical practitioners and the transportation of the victim to the hospital.

After the dressing, that fastening of the tie is applied with a tight tourniquet, or a bloodspinal bandage. Її shy away for the help of speeches, hanks, a bandage of a belt.

Before applying a tight bandage, the nature of the bleeding is determined. Venous blood may have an intense red color, ooze evenly from the wound. With weak arteries, a bright-red pulsating blood is observed. The jgut fixes under the wound, as if becoming a vein. After the blood wasted before the arrival of the medical staff, the tourniquet is periodically loosened, so that the tissues do not recognize the world.

cleft fracture

For the first aid in case of fractures of the slit, a bagan vikoristati sling-like bandage. Adhering to the supra-fixator of the lower cleft loam, and avoiding crushing and ruining the facial brushes.

In front of the help of tampons, excess blood is drained from the spleen of the upper slit artery. An ailing person cleans the empty mouth, as if blood clots were left there. Mova will be wrapped with a bandage for the hour of the trap. For a closed slitted ear, a cold compress is allowed.

For a closed slit ear, a cold compress is allowed

Great care is shown when the teeth are removed, which fall out. It is not possible to chіpati alive the stalks of brushes, like pov'yazanі z okistam. For relief, I will become in the form of pain shock, you can get an injection of Baralgin. The patient is terminously delivered to traumatology, a fracture of the slit threatens his health and life.

rib fracture

I’ll help dolokarsky pershu with fractures of the cysts in the space of the breasts to apply with a method of preventing complications - bursting the aorta, squeezing and squeezing the heart or leg. The best way to know is to close the bag in your gallery. For any symptoms, it is necessary to pay attention:

1. Vdikh difficulties, suffer anxiety.
2. The dyhal rhi of the thoracic cell becomes asymmetrical.
3. M'yakі fabrics swell, on tіlі z'yavlyayutsya blue.
4. With poshkogennі legenevskoy tissue ailments spitting blood.
5. Strong bіl and blood loss to produce before you lose your memory, your skin will turn pale, the rhythm of your heart will become more frequent.

Before the first medical help in case of fractures of the ribs, bandaging of the sternum is performed on the vein. It is necessary to reduce the possibility of displacement of brushes in case of dihalic ruptures. For short fixation, one of the ends of the victim is pressed to the body and then firmly fixed.

The sick person is transported to a seated or in a supine position. As the injury is one-sided, it is possible to turn the body to the affected side.

spine fracture

Poshkodzhennya brushes in this galley are the most safe for the health of people. Damage to the ridges often leads to disability or total resuscitation. With a comminuted fracture, there is a risk of spinal cord injury with distant neurological wounds. It is necessary for an ailing person to give urgent help in case of a fracture of the ridge, otherwise it will end in a lethal result.

Transportation of the sick person was fenced to the arrival of the resuscitation machine. They do not allow the head to turn, fixing it with a thick cardboard and a skein. The victim is tied to a hard surface of a wide board, doors or plywood. Kіntsіvki mіtsno tie one to one, pіd across put a roller from the robe. It is necessary to immediately inject people with an anesthetic zasib. Yakshcho fixed the tooth of the heart, zastosovuyut.

Sob not to hurt other bones and not to force a fracture of the ridge to compress the chest through the carpet.

What to do with fractures of the upper limbs?

Hand fractures in trauma practice are the widest type of fractures. In case of a possible poshkodzhennі kіstok ailing is given nebolyuyuyuchy zasіb and carried out a retalny survey. In case of a closed fracture of the upper tip, an important one is immobilization. Just as often, do not rumple її, the tassels are swept up and the soft fabrics are damaged. A splint is put on the arm and it is pulled together until it is completely unruly. It is harrowed to smikati the brush, or to set the brush independently. In case of sudden damage, they tighten the harness for a sprat of centimeters above the damaged area. Rinse the wound with water peroxide, and trim the edges with an antiseptic.

The best place in the hand is a brush, and it is often lamaetsya among people of a frail age and children. In case of injury, the wrists, wrists, phalanges of the fingers or the bottom can be damaged. Znіmayut znіmayut znіmayut znіmayut, that scho in case of stench can provoke dead tissue. Obov'yazkovo apply an ice pack or another cold object. A tight bandage is applied in case of bleeding so that the hand is left in the bent position. Fixation with a bandage is carried out over the shoulder. I will help first of all dolikarska with a fracture of the cyst of the slid to the bone. The aggravation can lead to a complete regeneration of the brush.

Break the lower ends

The rules of first aid in case of fractures are not identical in case of damage to the hands. Calm down the ailing, ache, and fix the leg. As if entrusted with a lot of hard objects, tie one tip to another so that ailments are not able to turn around. Transport the injured person with minimal pressure and with a completely damaged leg, in order to avoid the opening of the vessels. As long as it is not bloody, the splint is not applied.

What to do with a clavicle fracture?

In case of a fall, or in case of an injury, a clavicular fracture may occur, and the first help in case of this is externally unbalanced body. Kіntsіvka shіlno priskáyut to poshkodzhennoї side and zavyazyuyut, pіd pіvu put fabric roller. If the sick person is not delivered to the hospital, it is fast, the dressing is corrected with skin 30-40 strands, so that it becomes tight.

Dressing for a key fracture

Vіsіmka. Shvidky that effective way of bandaging the ailing, so that the brushes did not heal. A bandage is bandaged on the breasts, and pads are applied on the shoulder blades. The bandage is passed along the back, on the breasts, the part of the back is swollen and carried through the burrow under the groin. For the help of a slit dressing, the shoulders are restored to their natural position.

How can I help a child?

Childish brushes still don’t have such a mentality, like a grown-up person. The stench of milking the bellies and often lamayutsya on kshtalt green needles - from one side of the fabric are overwhelmed with qilimi. Tse significantly asks for the growth of brushes and m'yaziv.

A child can be very sick of pain and injuries, so it is necessary to immediately calm down and give pain relief. For any kind of fracture, the injured child was delivered to the hospital, having put a tight bandage on in front.

In order to overcome the fractures, it is necessary to maintain a healthy way of life. Alcohol and cigarettes spriyat swidky ruynuvannya of the bone tissue. Vіdsutnіst elementarnyh pіzichnyh prava vzdutnіh zastіynih protsesіv і іѕtkovo-m'yazovіy sistemy. To reduce the pressure on the brushes, it is recommended to increase the optimal weight of the body. Zhivlennya can be balanced, trim the necessary set of elements.

fracture called chastkove chi outside the damage to the integrity of the brush due to a blow, a squeeze, a crush, a bend. After a new fracture, the cysts will shift. In case of an incomplete fracture, the cyst ushkodzhuetsya often - a break, a crack are established. Break it down closed(without poshkodzhenny shkіri), vіdkritі(with damage to the integrity of the shkiri) and folded(Bleeding, rozmozzhennyam otochyuchy tissues).

Fracture signs: bіl, swelling, change in the form and shortening of the kіntsіvka, the appearance of friability in the area of ​​​​ushkodzhennia, “crunchiness” of the ulamkіv. Fracture is always accompanied by soft tissues. Particularly unsafe is the death of great vessels and nervous stovburiv, terrible companions such as gostra blood loss and traumatic shock. In times of severe fracture, there is a risk of infection of the wound.

In case of fractures, I’ll help you do it, in any case, it’s not possible to fix the brushes of the wrist in any case - to fix the curved tip in case of a closed fracture, or to straighten the brush, which was called when it was broken, tk. Ulamki, zmіshchuysya, often blood-bearing judges, nerves and internal organs. In case of fractures and minor suglobs in the supra first to help the smut - it is necessary that proper immobilization of the minor part of the body, which leads to a change in pain and in advance of the development of traumatic shock, the inability to improve the condition of the minor injury and reduce the possibility of induction.

Timchasova immobilization in case of fractures of the bones is carried out for the help of various tires from various materials: wood, plastic, metal, gum. Tires are guilty of obov'yazkovo to secure the unruliness of the two who lay down to the point of breaking the loaves. For the capacity of the standard ones, you can vicariate hand-made: planks, clubs, plywood, cardboard, too. In wine swings, transport immobilization is allowed with a bandage bandage of a loose tip to a healthy part of the body: the upper one - to the toe, the lower one - to the healthy leg.

Fracture of the bones of the skull. Broken brushes often bite the head brain, the veins are squeezed in the blood. Signs of a fracture є: damage to the shape of the skull; break (indentation); completion of craniocerebral blood and blood from the nose and voh; vtrata vіdomosti.

In order to fix that head, a roll-comir with soft tissue is put on top of it. For the transportation of the injured person, they put it on a stretcher, put a soft cushion under the head under the graves, and from the sides - soft rollers, burnt from the robe of other handy material.

For fractures of the upper fissure The simplest way of immobilization is a circular bandage with a bandage or a braid. When superimposed, the lower slit is pulled up to the upper one until the teeth close and fixed at this position with the vertical moves of the bandage around the head or with a braid. In quiet depressions, if the teeth do not stool, between the crevices, introduce the husband of the plywood, or the small piece of the line, and press it to the upper cleft.

Fracture of the lower fissure can lead to asphyxiation (suffocation). Like a person, after an injury, he became tired and lay on his back, it’s possible to trap that negative poison. It is necessary to give the victim a seated camp with a shaved head, or put it on his life with his head turned. Sometimes they go into stitching with a hairpin and secure the immobilization of the lower slit.

With a fracture of the humerus the front of the shoulder is folded under a straight kut at the elbow loam, and two tires are put in the zlaman shoulder brush: one from the outer side of the shoulder, the other - from the inguinal pit to the elbow loam. Then we will bandage the tires to the shoulder and bend the front of the shoulder and put a kerchief on the belt.

For the presence of the service splint (Fig. 12, a), or by hand, I bend my arm in the elbow, move it on the braids, bandage the straps to the toe (Fig. 12, b).

Rice. 12. Immobilization in fractures of the humerus

Clavicle fracture most often it happens when you fall on a twisted hand. Medical assistance may be directed to the undamaged belt of the upper limbs (Fig. 13, a).

Rice. 13. Fixation of hands for a fracture of the clavicle

At the inguinal depression from the injured side, put a clod of cotton wool and tightly bandage the shoulder to the toe, and move the front shoulder on the plait, attach the arm to the toel with the other plait. Poshkodzhen's hand can be put on the undershirt of the jacket (Fig. 13, b).

Break your ribs are accompanied by pains in breathing. Immobilization - a tight bandage on the chest. First, go to the bandage to slacken at the station of seeing the victim.

spine fracture – the most severe is that painful injury. Navіt neznіnіnі susunennya ulamkіv kіstok can bring to death. That victim with a spine injury is categorically defended to sit and put on his feet. To my shoulder, we should introduce an analgesic zasib (morphine, promedol, analgin, etc.), and then put on a hard shield or pads (Fig. 14).

Rice. 14. Tires from boards with a fracture of the ridge

It is necessary to lift the victim with a fracture of the ridge more carefully, in one step, so as not to cause the usunennia of the ulamkiv and severe damage to the spinal cord and pelvic organs. A dekilka of people can pick up the victim, taking hold of his clothes and the duchie, for the team (Fig. 15).

Rice. 15. Putting the victim on a stretcher

For the presence of such a shield, the victim is laid lying on his stomach on a heavy burden, pillows on his shoulders and pillows on his head (Fig. 16).

Rice. 16. The situation of the sick with a fracture of the ridge

A person with a fracture of the cervical vertebral ridge should be left behind on the back with a roller under the shoulder blades, fix the head of that neck, wrapping it around the sides with soft objects.

Fracture of the pelvic bones. It is not possible to put the victim on a soft load, it is possible only on a shield (a wide board, plywood) or on a load, putting plywood on them (mal. 17). Put the victim on his back, spread his legs ubіk (“toad camp”) and under the knee they put a small roll of folded rugs, rolled up robe: In this position, the tip is fixed for additional roses and bandages.

Rice. 17. The position of the patient with a fracture of the pelvic bones

In case of fractures of the bones of the front to bend a hand in the elbow loam under a straight kut to the top of the coat. To take a tire such a dozhini, so that the fingers of the hand would shove it, and the other one would go behind the liquor drift. In such a position, the tire is fixed with a bandage, and the hand is moved on the braid or belt.

Break the brushes of the brushfingers. Poshkodzhenі napіvіgnutі fingers (give “grasping” the position of the brush) bandage up to a cotton roll, move it to the plaid or splint.

In case of fractures of the lower limbs put the transport tire on the straightened leg (mal. 18). When you need a mother, at least two great tires. One of them is applied on the outer surface of the tip, moreover, one of them is guilty of being under the smell, and the other three are standing behind the foot. Another splint is applied along the inner surface of the leg so that one tip reaches the area of ​​the crotch, and the other extends beyond the edge of the foot. In this position, the tires are bandaged to the toe.

Rice. 18. Methods of immobilization

with fractures of the lower limbs.

At the time of the presence of service tires or other handicap, it is necessary to bandage my leg to a healthy leg.

In case of fractures of the bones, a foot pad is bandaged.

All methods of dressing, which are immobilized, are responsible for ensuring good fixation of the fracture site, not disrupting the blood supply of the poshkodzhenoy kіntsіvka. Therefore, when a transport tire is applied, it is necessary to ensure that the damage is not damaged in the loams, which is lower than the fracture point.

To prevent strong pressure, wrap the pain in the tire with cotton wool and a bandage. When exposed to evil, bleeding is stopped, an aseptic dressing is applied to the wound, and only after that proceed to immobilization.