The legendary Ivan Susanin arrived at the railroad. Rileev K. f. Analysis of the opinion of Ivan Susanin
Naprikintsі 1612 roku juniy Mikhailo Feodorovich Romanov, left galuz
Rurik dynasty, living in the Kostroma region. At that hour Moscow
occupied by the Poles: they wanted to establish themselves on the Russian throne
Tsarevich Vladislav, son of King Sigizmund III. One zagіn penetrating u
Kostroma borders and shukav zakhopit Mikhail. Near the yogo socket of the enemy
they saved Ivan Susanin, a bagman from the village of Domnina, and vimagali,
provіv їх until the settlement of the future crown-bearer of Russia. Yak vіrniy sin vіtchizni,
Susanin wanted to perish more quickly, to vryatuvaty life with happiness. Vin
povіv polesіv v protilezhny bіk i povіdomiv mikhail pro nebezpeka: kolishnі z
they caught him bringing yoga. Razdratovan Poles beat Susanin. After the meeting on
the throne of Mikhail Feodorovich (in 1613) the offspring of Susanin were granted a bula
a certificate for a plot of land at the village of Domnina; її confirmed and advanced
sovereigns.
"Where are you taking us?
Susanin's heart was wiggled by the enemies: -
Mi v'yaznemo i tonemo in kuchugurs snіgu;
We, know, do not reach you until the night.
You beat yourself up, brother, right, on the way out of the way;
Ale Tim Mikhail you do not lie!
Let's go astray, let's go crazy,
Ale of death in the eyes of the lyakhiv, your king is not mine!
Lead us, so you will be for labor;
10 Abo fight: we don’t have long to go!
Zmusiv usyu nіch break through us with khurtovina ...
Ale, what is there black in the valley behind the yalina?
"Village! - the Sarmatians have a muzhik: -
The axis of the threshing floor, fenced, and the axis of the mistok.
Follow me! at the gate! - hut chya
Shorazu is heated for the guest.
See - don't fight!" - "Well, then, Muscovite! ..
Yaka well, brothers, the bisa is far away!
I am such a damned not bachiv night,
20 The eyes of the falcons froze in the snow.
Zhupan miy - hoch vychavlyuy, no dry threads! -
Uviyshovshi, muttering so young Sarmatian. -
Blame us, the owner! we got wet, chilly!
Hurry up! .. don’t dare us to take up the template!
The axis of the tablecloth is simple on the table;
Beer and a glass of wine have been supplied,
I Russian porridge and cabbage soup in front of the guests,
І bread before the great skin folds.
At the end of the wind, viruchi, knocking;
30 Pokhmuro and with a crackle a torch burn.
It's been a long time since the pіvnіch!..
To lie without a turbo on the benches of Sarmatians.
Everything in the dark hut is peaceful;
Alone, watch out, Susanin gray
Protect the young tsar!
Raptom htos to the gate pіd'їhav tops.
Susanin rises and hides in the door.
Chi tse, dear? .. And I'm after you!
40 Where are you going in the hour of bad weather?
Opіvnochі ... but the wind is not yet out loud;
You put less pressure on the hearts of relatives!
"God himself will bring you to the booth,
My sin, hurry up to the young king,
Tell Mikhail, schob vt_k shvidshe,
What are the proud Poles, out of their anger,
Yogo secretly drive in the mouth
And with a new dashing threat to Moscow!
Tell me that Susanin is the tsar,
50 Love to the fatherland and grief.
Tell me, what is the order in one less time
And now I’ve beaten you for nothing.”
- "Ale, what's your idea? Think, dear!"
Get you Poles... What will you do with me?
І with a young sister and with a matir'yu kvola?
- "The Creator will conquer you with his holy power.
Do not let the wine die, relatives, to you:
Pokrov that pom_chnik vin usim orphans.
Farewell, O sin my, dear hour to us;
60 I remember: I'm dying for the Russian tribe!
Rhydia, young Susanin on a horse
Gathering and rushing with a whistling arrow.
Month at the same time zdijsniv pivkola;
The whistle of the wind of the castle, the wind has subsided.
A dawn dawned on the lost sky,
The Sarmatians - the wickedness of the king - have thrown themselves.
"Susanin!" they shouted, "why are you praying to God?"
Now it's not an hour - it's an hour for us on the road!"
Having flooded the village with a noisy NATO,
70 At the dark forests enter the manivtsy.
Susanin vede їkh ... The axis of the early wounds,
The first sun shone in the woods:
That shvaetsya shvidko, then brightly blisne,
Now it’s dark to light up, then I’ll go to hell again.
To stand without crashing and oak and birch,
Less snow under your feet to rip in the frost,
Less than timchasovo raven, spalahnuvshi, noisy,
I woodpecker hollow willow dovba.
Friend after one go to Movchannia Sarmati;
80 All distances and distances of their sivy їhnіy guides.
The sun is already high in the heavens.
Everything is more muffled and wilder!
І raptom disappears a stitch in front of them:
I pines and fir trees, dense
Smiling gloomily to the very earth,
The debrist wall was woven from knots.
Father, be on the lookout for a disturbing wuho:
Everything in that wilderness is dead and deaf.
"Where are you winding us?" - Lyakh old yelling.
90 "Here, wherever it is necessary! - Susanin said. -
Kill! roll up! - My grave is here!
Ale know that torn: I vryatuvav Michael!
Zradnika, they guessed, you knew from me:
You won't and won't be on Russian land!
He has a leather vіtchiznu s childishness to love
I do not destroy my soul with a rage.
"Evil!" - shouted the enemies, boiling, -
You will die under swords!" - "Your anger is not terrible!
Who is Russian in heart, that badioro, and boldly,
100 I radish guinea for the right to the right!
Neither strategy, nor death, I am not afraid:
Without shuddering, I will die for the Tsar and for Russia!
"Die well!" - Sarmatians shouted to the hero,
And the shibles over the old man, whistling, shone! -
Get down, you bastard! Kіnets your guidance!
I solid Susanin all at the virazaks fell!
Snig clean pure blood stained:
Vaughn for Russia vryatuvala Michael!
Derzhavin sings to the civil-patriotic plan in the thoughts of the vigilance Riljevim: he speaks in the mind like a bulky man, defender of "the people's goods, crippled defense." Superficially far away introductory quotes from Derzhavin, Rilєєv to rob the poet as a hero-hulk. Derzhavin has “an impenetrable low fear”, “wine at death with contempt to marvel”, and even more creative task - to scorch “valor in young hearts of the righteous”. The most famous middle thought of Rilyev is “Death of Yermak” and “Ivan Susanin”.
The thought "Death of Yermak" turned into a folk song. She suffocates with the integrity of the mighty image of the hero Ermak, virulently virulent nature, tragic plot and dynamic composition. Epithets in this thought are lifted - emotional and hyperbolic: “loud-sounding glory”, “jealous storm”, “violent life”, “grіzna squad”, “pulling hand”, “Irtish, what to boil”. The legendary Ivan Susanin added historical concreteness to Riliev as a chosen image of the peasantry, the working people, suffocated by love to the vіtchizni. Susanin's wife here is not like the faithfulness of the monarch, but like the true son of his ancestral home. At the sacrificial feat for the sake of saving the king of wines, think of the order of the fatherland, її calm, end of welfare and intervention. Yogo prayer for the king is the prayer of a hulk, not a slave.
Penetratingly urochisto vіn vymovlyaє: "The sanctuary, they thought, you knew from me: Їх it is not possible and will not be on the Russian land!". Nayvische access to the political revolution of Riliev - the theme of the poem "Voynarovsky". This tvir, which resurrected the episode of Mazepa's health policy, was prepared by Riliev's entire literary practice, and the story of the hints in the thoughts "Volinsky", "Natalya Dolgorukov", "Menshikov at Berezov", especially in the tragedy "Mazepa", think about how to sing. 1822 rock. The main theme of the Poem is the struggle for the national independence of Ukraine. The little one sings of his hero Voynarovskiy as a tyrannical hater, who was called from the childhood of "shanuvat Brutus", the soul of the "truly free" that noble "defendant of Rome". Tse fiery patriot, ready for the sake of the fatherland to be a sacrifice. On the direct question of Mazepi about yoga readiness, in case of need, do not harm yourself for Ukraine wines without hesitation:
- ... the native land We will see children from the retinue of the kokhanoy; I'll give you one honor.
For the contemporary Riliev, these words sounded like an oath to the fidelity of the fatherland, like a cry to the huge sacrifice. The Russian creative landscape has a small group of creative people, who occupy a special place. Tse - agitation for zmіst, folk songs for warehouse, written by Rilєєvim at once with his friend, the Decembrist A. Bestuzhov. The stench is folded on the motives of the song, popular with the rock, which little care has become very wide. Z tsikh pisen especially tsіkava one, scho є overworked romance of the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX century. This is a romance about a kohantsa, to grieve on a foreign side for your sweetheart ("Ah! I'm tedious on someone else's side"). The authors of the situation rethought these words, and by making the bov romance more popular, they accepted this change more hospitably: it’s not only boring for someone else, but for a native boci (“Oh, it’s boring for me ...”). Popular innocent dog of love nature was reminiscent of the new zmist. They clearly feel the elemental fury of the enslaved villagers, whose hatred is to the point of involuntarily-barriving that king. Riliev calling himself not a poet, but a hulking man, but a right poet of hulking masculinity and heroism.
Vіn having created the style of rebellious oratorical pathos, tribune-heroic preaching and revolutionary prize. Pushkin, knowing the majesty of Riliev’s majesty, by the birch tree in 1825, writing to A. A. Bestuzhev: “Vin sings from the soul” - and vimahav, the creator of “Voinarovsky” wrote - “it’s bigger, bigger!” (13, p. 70). Pushkin was not formally a member of the Decembrist society, but he became one of the first and most powerful propagandists of the Decembrist ideas. A merciful sympathizer of a free thought, acknowledging himself as a gromadian poet, a spokesman for the primal national spirits, and writing with full right:
- I incorruptible voice of my Bov the moon of the Russian people.
(“To N. Ya. Plyuskova”)
1st historical thought "Kurbsky" (21 rec). Length 21-23 rr. Rilєєv narukuvav over 20 thoughts. D. Vіn write under the infusion of volume 9 of Karamzin's "History of the Russian State". 25 rіk-dumi was adorned with a collection. At their appearance, the thoughts called out a super-cheerful assessment. їх odnomanіtnymi for composition. But other thoughts-thoughts cannot be carried out among the people. Behind the genre of R., lead D. to the Ukrainian people. poetry. Decembrist aesthetics-folklore is the core of literature. The thoughts are related to the genre of historical balady, wide. at rocky. Analogue. with Pushkin's "Rich Oleg". The originality of R.'s thoughts is in the translation of the lyrical-journalistic element. poetize the image of a fighter for freedom that is independent. fatherland or the image of a bulky man, like a man who lives up to his ideals: Mstislav Udaliy. Dmitro Donsky, Ivan Susanin, Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Matveev, Dovgoruky, Volinsky.
"Death of Yermak" (1821 rec). Yermak Timofiev-Cossack. Rushing to the Irtysh and dying at the hvilyah, Kuchum attacked in 1569. I’m addicted to glory, not afraid of death “with my own and fortune-telling blood, I’ve slain the villains of a violent life and deserved a blessed marriage for peremog. We are not afraid of death.” On the right is a crushed Siberian root. big, dying at the will.
"Ivan Susanin" (1822). they wanted to win over Mikhail Romanov and establish themselves on the throne. Susanin is ahead of the yogo about the unsafety and the roiling of the Poles yogo. “They thought you knew the guardian in me, they can’t and will not be on the Russian land, in the skin of the homeland of the childishness to love and not to ruin your soul with health.”
"Volinsky" Nalashtovuvav Anna Ivanivna against Biron. In 30 years, Biron sued Yogo to strati through the court. In 1739 roci. stood up for the queen. The idea is not of that son of vіtchizni, who has Marnoslavl and treachery, but of the one who does not check the fence, forgetting about herself, everything is visible to the people. St proudly check death, because. Live in soul. So that yogo children were brought to yogo grave, so that similar ones were born in their souls.
The monologues of the heroes know the vislovlyuvannya of civil. ideas and moods of the Decembrists. In Rilyev's thoughts, he knows the artistic method of revolutionary romanticism. Little heroes of the past, he sings, having defied his ideal of a hulk. razmezhuvav three main elements: a description of the mission, the hero's language and morality. do not care about the plot and its own series of historical portraits or paintings. The role of lir is significant. monologue. No stylist. unity.At acc. with thematic and compositional peculiarities of thoughts, in them you transcend. lir. the cob, which is especially important to know in a great number of stylists. Figures (rhetorical nutrition, wiguks, beasts) to give the style of journalistic style.
"Vojnarovskiy" in 1823, reading the passages from the poem "Forgiveness". Rilєєv obyraє podії natії nії nії nії nіonіonalno-politіchї borotbi - vistup Mazepa, pіdtremanogo yogo nephew and one-thinker Voinarovsky, against Peter1. Mazepi's vistup against Peter is treated like a zrada. Voinarovsky is ready to re-evaluate the role of Mazepi and Peter and recognize that the historical truth was on the king's side. Vіn patriot that fighter for power. The poem is written in the form of the hero's speech. Vidhіd vіd romanticії umovnosti іn bіk zhitєvoї truth pomіt manifested th іn Rilєєva іn zamalovkah pobut ta prirodu Sibіru. The most important contours were taken by the poem "Nalivayka" under the name, which is recognized as true from the historical point of view - the struggle of the Ukrainian people from Poland for national freedom. "Spovіd Nalivaika" was celebrated with great hostility, in some words of the hero, they conveyed their death. R to lay down an important assertion: "Does not sing, but a hulk."
7.2. Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
The idea to eat was born in the lyceum years, and was realized only after 3 years, not long before it was sent to Katerinoslav (they worked on it from 1817 to 1820). In that period, P.'s TV-in-Vidchuvavsya turned to artistic synthesis, which allowed bi to speak the richness of life's hostility, addictions, thoughts and moods. I tsej ruh vіdchutny yogo first poem by Pushkin "Ruslan and Lyudmila". The poem was created by Lomonosov's beloved rosemary - a four-foot iambic, which became beloved by Pushkin's rosemary. We sing, after a kazkovy plot, kindly developed and varied characters of diyovih osib. They have more heroic and everyday, daytime and hot, dramatic and funny. Tse bula was a folk poem, it was not a reworking of a folklore creation. Cossack images, which were remembered from childhood, and read kazkovi reminiscences, are widely vindicated. Navmisno zapozhenne s "12 sleeping maidens" Zhukovsky episode "Ruslana and L" Ratmir's rebuking at the castle. Poema is radiant, optimistic, resonates with the spirit of folk tales with its triumphant positive heroes, with its triumph over good over evil. Chi not "heavenly", but "earthly" appears in the created images of heroes, Pushkin develops different characters of acting characters. One of Ruslan's superniks is remarkable to anyone - the unfortunate one, boyaguz and nonsense, Farlaf. Cossack fabric is woven with sprats of yaskravikh and poetic overlays of old-Russian life and old-Russian pobutu (spring banquet, battle of cues with pechenigs), read in the “Istorii derzh. Russian" Karamzin.
The author's image reflects innovation. A fellow reader, but not a hero, the author of roz'yasnyuє perebіg podіy, ironically clouding them, sharing his thoughts. Zavdyaki image of the author of history and the present are angry together. At the heart of the plot is the love of the main characters, like on the way to good luck, an impersonal transition is made. Use the heroes, their evil spirits and kind enchanters to give them a fairy tale color. Ale before you go in and it's a heroic story. In the rest, smost, song Ruslan will fight for the independence of the fatherland from the bakers-pechenigs. It is more patriotic that Ruslan is closer to bilinear heroes. At the same time, about those Pushkin's heroes, they are more clever: Lyudmila is more guessing about the poet's contemporary, lower stately old-Russian beauty, Ruslan, who is always looking like a bilinn hero, guessing either the hero of the balady, or the middle-class face, or the romantic hero, who is in the air. In the love lives of the heroes in the whole world, the life of Pushkin appeared, and I will overcome justice, goodness and beauty. The poem includes various genres: a charming fairy tale with a characteristic plot, the main additions of such a thing - cost, jokes, zdobuttya; lykarsky epic, bilinear epic, ballad and lyrical genres - elegy and friendly message. All these genres are drawn into Pushkin's literary group, which are subdivided into literary forms, then parody them. Pushkin does not give priority to one of them. Vіn vede rozmovu z reader i, razvivayuchi plot, it is necessary to introduce signs of quiet genres, like the greatest yoma of power. The genre of enchanting fairy tales is strong, so that Ruslan was no less than antagonistic, as if he were to know Lyudmila, and his helpers. Dream Lyudmila turn us to balady. The very name of the heroine of Zhukovsky's balady of the same name.
The heroes are all realistic, their dreams are real. The place of Zhukovsky's bastard, burnt with fogs, before us is yaskravs, full of farbs, strings and rіznomanіtny world, like life itself. Poema put critics in the absence of life: de stinks could carry it with the same from the earlier known species, but they knew the elements of their success.
Everything made it easier and the versatility of the movie. The poem was written in the vein of Batyushkov and Zhukovsky’s mov, as they developed the traditions of Karamzin’s “new mov”, which was based on those that Lomonosov called “middle calm”. The poem was written with material from the “high calm”, if the virazi get used to it from the “low” calm. Critics sued P. for tse.
With his zealous lyric-kazkoy P. rozpochav the process of democratization of Russian literature and from the side її zmist and from the side of the movie. Deyakі critics respected that taking material from folk art is famously for literature.
Poem P. established the romantic principle of the writer's creative freedom in the light of any pedantic theories and rules that respected the movement of literature forward. In her, behind the words of Belinsky, there was a “pre-feeling” of the “new world of creativity”; zim won a new, Pushkin, period in the history of Russian literature.
Ale, behind the words of Belinsky, I had a little business, but a daily direct connection from modernity, with the vital needs of the advanced kіl of Russian society. Tse didn’t rule and P, to that wine they cooled to their “child” (“you got me out of it” - writing to Vyazemsky).
The attendants in a different way estimated it, but, perhaps, dearly for Pushkin, Zhukovsky’s note, which presented Pushkin with his portrait with the inscription “I will learn from a overcome teacher.”
For example, in 1612 the youthful fate of Mikhailo Fedorovich Romanov, the remaining galuz of the Rurik dynasty, relocated to the Kostroma region. That same Moscow was occupied by the Poles: they wanted to establish the Russian throne of Tsarevich Vladislav, the son of King Sigismund III. One zagіn penetrating at the Kostroma border and vyrishiv zahopit Michael. Near the porch of the gates, the thieves stole Ivan Susanin, a resident of the village of Domnina, and vimagali, secretly escorted them to the life of the future crown-bearer of Russia. Like a true son of vіtchizni, Susanіn wanted to perish more quickly, to vryatuvaty life less. Vіn pov_v polakіv v protelizhny bіk i podomiv Mihayla pro nebezpeka: kolishnі with him caught two hundred years. Razdratovan Poles beat Ivan Susanin.
After the succession to the throne of Mikhail Fedorovich (1613), the offspring of Susanin were given a charter for a plot of land near the village of Domnina; її was confirmed by the advancing sovereigns. For these tributes from a thousand and a hundred and twenty other officers, Kendratiy Fedorovich Riliev wrote the thought “Ivan Susanin”. The thought shows the fearlessness of the people and Susanin's dying speech, the voice of the enemy, proud of his offspring.
Zradnika, they guessed, you knew from me:
You won't and won't be on the Russian land!
He has a leather vіtchiznu s childishness to love
And do not ruin your soul with a bravado.
Who is Russian in heart, that badioro and boldly
І Radisno Guinea for the right to the right!
As a rule, the images of the heroes appear as one kind, as they are especially seen. Such are the heroes of rich thoughts of Kindratii Fedorovich Rilyev. So, for example, Susanin can be such a quality, like love to the fatherland. Duma “Ivan Susanin is one of the most wonderful creations of the poet. Everything here is itself and rich in what is historical. Diya begins with a lively and colorful dialogue between the vegetative Polish gentry and the Russian peasant Susaninim:
"I'm such a damned not bachiv night,
The eyes of the falcons glared in the snow.
Zhupan miy - hoch vychavlyuy, no dry threads!
Uviyshovshi, muttering so young Sarmatian.
“We are to blame, the owner! We are wet, chilly! Hurry!
don’t dare us to take up the template!”
Fully realistic and distant description of a simple improvement of a rural hut, and Rozmov Susanina with a son, and style described a sweatshirt. The rank landscape, painted by Riljevim, for its simplicity and concreteness, belongs to the finest in Russian poetry of the 20s.
Susanin knows them...
The axis of the early set,
The first sun shone in the woods:
That shvaetsya shvidko, then brightly blisne,
Now it’s dark to light up, then I’ll go to hell again.
Stand, do not collapse and oak and birch;
Less snow under your feet to rip in the frost,
Less than timchasovo raven, spalahnuvshi, noisy,
I woodpecker hollow willow dovba.
Friend after one go to the Sarmatians of Movchan;
Everything was far and far away from the blue of their guides.
Already the sun is high from the sky:
Everything is more muffled and wilder!
There are no blind glints in this "Duma", no thunder, no need to make up without interruption, no other attributes of landscape props. Rilєєvu, without a doubt, helps in yogo rozpovіdі opovіdі vіdі vіdnі vіdnіvі і slavіvі, nіde іnе more іn thіr rіzmіr chotiristopnogo amphibrahіy.
The greatest success of Rileev was attained here at the creation of the central image, that in that region, as for the new head of the boulevard. The image of Susanin and at once opposes the simplicity of his heroism. Sincerely and relieved the zovnіshnіh effects of this word before death:
I am not afraid of neither strata nor death:
Without shuddering, I will die for the Tsar and for Russia!
This movement clearly conveys the psychology of a simple Russian peasant of the 17th century. with yogo faith in the “good king”, with yogo I hate to zagarbnikov, with yogo calm, deep love for my own land.
It’s notable that Pushkin, having argued that the “Dumas” has “no national, Russian ... nothing, a lot of names”, saying: “I turn on Ivan Susanin, I persevere the thought, for which reason I suspect you have a good talent.” Tsya "Duma" was worthy of M.I. Glinka and sighed the creation of the brilliant Russian opera "Ivan Susanin".
