Description of the picture of the remaining tavern was made. Description of the painting by Perov “Stop the tavern at the front. Yak "rejoiced" p'anits
The whole party of the Russians is a myth. Protévniy vіdsotok people, yakі zlovzhivayut khmilnymi infusions, in Russia іsnuvav zavzhd. And the very same, how they behaved with p'yanimi, the Russians confirmed, that the feast was a shambles.
The history of drinking in Russia
It is worth noting that in the pre-Christian and early Christian period in Russia they drank peace, the majority of people did not have access to their drinks. Wine was brought from across the sea, it was too expensive and for the swarm of less nobility and the greater clergy. That one and the other did not become an inveterate drunkard, because it was customary to dilute the wine for walnuts with water.
The simple people won kvass, honey, beer, braga and only special vipadkivs. The Austrian ambassador Sigizmund Herberstein said: "Imenite, or rich men celebrate holy days, that after the divine service the power of banquets and drinking, and the simple people of the zdebіsh pracyuє, it seems, that the holy celebration is on the right panska."
Time after time Stribkiv, giving in the book “History of taverns in Russia” described benketiv, ruled in 1148 by Prince Izyaslav of Novgorod and in 1152 by Prince V'yacheslav of Kiev, he said: small cultural significance.
What did it lead to? Back in 1377, the battle of the river with the "talking" name P'yana fell into battle with the Tatars, the military prince Ivan of Suzdal, who was a relative of Dmitry Donskoy. The warriors pretended to be a light boot for the enemies, the oskolki zamіst preparatory before the battle looked like "joviality and brazhnitstvu". The same became the hour of the Battle of Suzdal. Having spent after drinking alcohol, the squad of the Moscow prince Vasil II was beaten, and the prince himself was full.
Before the speech, even then it was zasib under the name “hangover”. Vono was a fat and gostra yushka with a great bunch of salted ogirkiv and for gusto savored rosemary.
At one time, the partying was not a wide-spread manifestation. People who are suffering in every way, knew a huge condemnation.
Pre-Petrine era
In 1474, for Ivan III, the first attempt was made to restore any order in the alcohol sphere. The tsar, having conquered, freely brew honey and beer, and also live in cold water in these days, the Crimea is holy.
Vasil III, with his lordship, calling Moscow a settlement under the name of Naleyka. There you could indulge in intoxicating drinks, be it if and skilki, but only foreigners hung around. Russians were not allowed in.
In 1552, according to the decree of Ivan the Terrible, the first “king of taverns” was opened near the capital, and “green wine” was served. Simple, people could only bathe yoga in taverns, so that the cats went to the treasury, even as the aristocracy and the king’s entourage were allowed to sip and drink alcohol in the bunkinka. The other, royal guardsmen at the taverns were served a burnt, and the reshta zmusheni were satisfied with wine.
When they appeared in the huge places, the unsteady-looking birds (in Russia they were called "birds") were planted in the so-called "brazhna" v'yaznytsia. There they trimmed until the stench blew. As if a person was trimmed for a drunkard suddenly, її they gave the beaten with batogs. On the third - they beat me with a batog and sued until they were stupefied.
For example, if a liar was caught for drinking more than once, he could be put in a barrel with alcohol. Instead, it was formed from the products of wandering that distillation and was so mean that the unfortunate was literally marinated with live bait. Sometimes the body was blown into the brushes, and the person died a terrible death.
Patriarch Nikon instituted a fence on alcohol in monasteries, as if breaking taboos, they could save spiritual dignity and send the monastery somewhere far away, and the churches began to read sermons against drunkenness.
As if a person was dying in a drunkenness, її hove poses between the tsvintarya, sounded white to cross, for science to others.
For the reign of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich the Quietest, the pawns were laid for the local cordoni, that quantity has changed. With this alcohol, it cost twice as much, and one person was forced to let in more than one cup (about 150 grams). Just as someone was violating the sale of alcoholic beverages to the clerk, then threatening them with the confiscation of the lane at once. It was also difficult to sell alcohol on the morning of the day, the religious holy day of the day.
For Peter I, the policy of a hundred and fifty boulders was twofold. From one side, the king regularly ruled the "assembly", de alcohol was served at the end of decent kіlkosti. From the other side - piddanі, yakі zlovzhival alcoholic drinks, at the same time they were given to give a harsh punishment: they hung a medal "For drinking" on their chest with a weight of up to 12 kilograms.
Yak "rejoiced" p'anits
Middle-aged herbalists have a rich variety of recipes for drunkenness. For example, recommendations to add in alcohol the powder of bugs, mucus of toads and toads, kіnsky gnіy and navit cadaveric hrobakіv.
Even before the representatives of the higher faiths, the suspense was still condescending (for example, when it was quiet for an hour, who, having sorted out alcohol, special people were assigned to lead them to “ventilate” and ease their shorts), then for ordinary villagers, abo remіsnikіv littya could end deplorably. times of violent "jubilation", and in the first place - with batogs, in the pit, and then death.
Vasil Perov. Make the rest of the tire. The creation, which represented the ribbing of the artist's spiritual convergence, was his canvas (1868). The picture is painted in gloomy tones, and only bright flashes of fire b'yutsya at windows, as if ready to virvatisya names. The tavern, which “dissolve the den”, as if having taken Perov himself in, blames on the canvas the image of the rampage of passions that devour the people, their soul. This hellish fire, filling with itself all over the mortgage, the whole expanse, laying at the walls, and navіt zapіv zapіv vіd vіd vіdі near budіvlі. And in the cold weather, the horse, which stagnated in the cold, is wrapped in a hustka woman, which sits by the sleigh by itself. Judging by the chaotic rhythm of the sledges that were passing the snow, the mortgage is not empty day or night. No one is passing by, to rise, before turning home, not to enter the soul. To this, the tavern is getting stronger and stronger with its addictive fires, and the light is near, the ice, more and more, become more and more zanuryuetsya in the dark. And the order ran a wide road that led to the place. The hump rises up, lifts up the cordial steps, lifts the inconspicuous little church, which perished behind the trees, then covered them with the mundane currant. Stand there, crying white of the road, right-handed, on the very top of the hillock. And right there, on the same line, put the artist's convoy, which is farther away, without turning to the church. horses, pokhilivshis heads, mute zasromleni, їdut pov. The wagon train turns sharply to the left, flooding with thick shadows, which, having crooked the road, drag along the ground like a black plume. It is noteworthy that the artist's scale of the church conveys a borderline perspective. And at the same time, you see between the outpost that the temple is oversized small, for which reason the image of the yogo image appears to be spaciously approaching. As a result, one blames the inconsistency of the scale of the church and the cordial steps, which grow up to the nameless, gigantic expansions, indicating that the image of the church is clearly seen from a global perspective. And yet there are no signs of destruction here. A similar effect of voicings is known, and it can be reached with the victoria of the old as the light of the world - the introduction of yet another, new perspective for the image of the temple, which, in such a rank, appears in the same spacious middle. Compositionally, Perov puts a small church at the base of the lines that run up the hill. On the right - the outline of the obelisk, which rises with ledges, and on the right - the diagonals of the lowered dahivas. Arranged in such a rank, the expanse of the middle, separated from the celestial sphere, begins to look like a turning perspective, growing along the sky. And it’s light, which fills the sky, so it burns more and more in the world in the distance towards the horizon, gaining its strength, under the onslaught of which night darkness comes. The same line to the horizon, escaping from the top of the hillock, overshadowed by the temple, becomes the boundary not so between heaven and earth, as between light and darkness. And then, the church appears as a key link in the composition, which has taken in itself the image of two worlds: the bottom one, with its bitter destructive passions, and the mountain one, which is revealed at the turning point by the spiritual expanse of the church, with its enlightenment and purity. Regardless of all its contrast, self-reliance and self-sufficiency, the image of the first and other plans is given not in the wind, but in a close closure one by one. And to learn more - from the manifestations of a happy one between them, represented by the image of your broadest road, which has laid a trust, giving the skin a vibrating path: until you ruin your chimney. It's a pity that the co-workers patted the picture with less "vicryvalnyy plot". At that hour, the “internal, moral side” of the human butt, as a bula for the new most important, was focused here, for the appointment of Perov himself. More than a few Perov did not rise to such zagalnen. That very idea of choosing as a moral self-determination of a person has never been clearly formulated in Russian science on the floor. The painting “Stop the tavern at the gate”, pushing the singing bag to the mustache, which, having robbed the mitten at the front, became rich in what is a milestone, and not only for the new one himself. Having laid the basis of his art on a religious ear, the artist raised the genre itself to such a height, to such a mischief begins to be conceived not only socially, but morally, like a deadly viraz, which lays out human souls. The moral world of evil is the axis of the new, which the art of Vasil Perov brought to the vіtchizna. The pathos of the art of maistra is above the evil that has been twisted, and the need and ability of a person to resist evil in their own way, in firm strength, spiritualized strength, which is good to raise people over negativity, sorrows and humiliation. Marina Volodimirivna Petrova.
1868. Canvas, olive.
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia.
Make the rest of the tire. 1868 Canvas, oil painting 51.1 x 65.8 cm. Tretyakov State Gallery,
U. R. Perov creates with majestic maisternistyu so create, de torkayutsya those profoundly dramatic, inspiring tragedy. The painting "" is the most thorough in terms of artistic images and majestic virtues in Perov's creative work. Ide to the horizon, the winter road is covered with sleigh runners. Vdovzh roads are small wooden houses around. In the distance, you can see a hundred gates with double-headed eagles. For the doors of the remaining white, make the tavern stand in the glasses of your masters in two teams. Mabut, stink here for a long time. to sit wrapped up in a hustka in the cold wind, to stand for the night itself, out in a tolerant, pokirny ochіkuvanni. A bluish-gray snow, unpretentious dark buds with reddish-zhovtimi ridges of limp vicons, whitening the horizon, behind them, the black silhouettes of the city's buds made them cry out a little alarm. As in the foreground of the midst of cold farb, warm hues tingle, then to the horizon the stench becomes colder. її and colder. Tse pass and see the days that they are going down to the place. Frosty wind, which roamed the wide avenue, to bring snow in the sleigh, vikna budinkov and pierce the peasant woman to the brushes, who checks in the sleigh. The emotion of the landscape is revealed by the picture "" - the tragic adjective of the Russian villagers. Strengthening the emotional role of the landscape began to become characteristic of Russian literature and painting during the period. In Perov, the emotional landscape has become a tool for revealing the psychological characteristics of the acting features and moods.
N. F. LYAPUNOVA St. R. Perov (M., Mistetstvo, 1968)
February 18, 2013
Perov's artistic tvir, who conveyed a sense of inner dramatism of action - tse "Stop tavern at the gate" (1868). The picture is a deserted, snow-covered street on the outskirts of a Russian provincial town. Drifting drift, make it rush through the gate. At the horizon, the vile weather, the lemon-zhovta hails the sun at sunset, which gives rise to a little anxiety, which strengthens the mood of the tightness, spilled over everything.
From the left side of the street - tavern. In the cold of winter days, the crimson glows, and the windows are frozen and remembered with snow. Here the villagers spend their remaining pennies on drink, who turn around. There are two strong sleighs beating the doors of the tavern. A restless wind shakes the manes and tails of horses, shakes the wool of a frozen dog. At the sleigh you can see a frozen girl standing up, wrapping herself in a hustka, - living in the old, poky, hopeless chіkuvannya. Under the visible unruliness and gray tight Russian action Perov saw the inner turmoil, restlessness. It is embedded in the picture in the gusts of the wind, which will force you straight ahead, in the run of the road, marked by traces of skids, to lead a glance there, beyond the gates of the outskirts, to the horizon, to burn. The gold of the evening dawn, the red light of the vicon shank creates a sense of internal tension in the image. The picture is created not only through the plot, but through the emotions of the image.
"Stop the tavern at the forcing" hіba scho completes the first period of Perov's work. A little further on, the evolution shows that, like the 60s, the artist's light-gazer became a profound turning point. After the reform, reality began to develop the enlightened illusions of Perov. Vіn pobachiv, scho skаsuvannya krіpatstva deprive the people from the same, as if not in a more difficult camp.
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Seeing the consonance of nature with the lives of people is added to the painting "Madonna of Speechless"
The landscape copes with the effect of a real spacious medium, in which it grows
Heroes of the religious legend at the picture of the Venetian master endowed with earthly blood
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"The Adoption of the Head of John the Baptist" Sano di P'etro was part of a polyptych - the great
Scorching head of the evolution of art in the Roman Empire having passed through
In addition, the writer's tips were categorically against the museum, dedicated to the yogi figure, moved.
Tsya znahіdka played the most important role of cultivating the history of Ancient Egypt. On the stone, known
The collections of the National Gallery are considered one of the best in the world. Tsikavo, scho budinok
The Hall of Thoughts is like a memorial and dedication to the memory of Peter I.
Showing rice to the museum is due to the fact that among the exhibits there are no works of sculpture, no graphics.
Getting down to the task of setting my own task, Tretyakov mav clearly
The obladunok, having crooked the whole body of the face of the face with ruhomoly creaked plates, with a sholom completely protecting
Robots - "Snidanok on the Grass" (1863) and "Olympia" (1863)
The crimson tongues of the half-light, the impenetrable haze of the underworld kingdom, the fantastic positions of the indulgent devils.
Irrespective of the reality of the signature, it remains unreasonable who was the author of the Hermitage korogvi. Іsnuvalo sprat
This intimate butt story, which does not pretend to be philosophically or psychologically significant,
Yogo mighty realism, distant from the outer effects, sighs penetratingly to us.
Junius, beardless Sebastian, with thick curly hair, golias, cover less on quilts, bindings
The ebullient temperament of the great Flemish Master
The right popularity of "Venus with a Mirror" rose from the exhibition of Spanish painting, sponsored by the Royal Academy
The diversity of forms and farb, lively rhythm, special major tone and bright decorativeness of natural skin from these paintings,
Prote Meister of Women's Napivfigur Virobyv Vlasnu Individuality
Vіn zagalnyuvav form, zmenshuvav number of details and details in the picture, defying the clarity of the composition. In image
Days of cost-free viewing at the museum
Among the entrances to the permanent exposition "The Art of the 20th Century" and timing exhibitions (Krymsky Val, 10) for participants without excursions without cost (crim to the project "Avant-garde at three worlds: Goncharova and Malevich").
The right to free viewing of expositions at the main building near Lavrushinsky provulk, Engineering building, New Tretyakivtsi, V.M. Vasnetsov, museum-apartments of A.M. Vasnetsova hopes in the coming days for the singing categories of citizens. in order:
First week of skin month:
for students of the highest primary foundations of the Russian Federation, it is independent of the form of training (for that number of foreign citizens-students of Russian universities, graduate students, adjunctive students, residents, assistant trainees) upon presentation of a student card "student-intern" tickets);
for uchnіv srednіh and srednіh spetsіal'nyh spetsіal'nyh navchalnyh zagladіv (vіd 18 roіv) (gromadyany Rosії i kraїn SND). The students who hold ISIC cards for the first week of their skin month will have the right to free exhibition of the exhibition "The Art of the 20th Century" of the New Tretyakov Gallery.
shchosuboti - for members of wealthy families (communists of Russia and the country of the SND).
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Seeing the Museum at Holy Days
Shanovni vіdvіduvachi!
Be kind, show respect for the work regime of the Tretyakov Gallery at Christmas Day. Vіdvіduvannya platne.
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Congratulations on the upcoming saint and check at the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery!
Right of pіlgovoi vіdvіduvannya Galleries, krim vipadkiv, transferring to the ceremonial orders of ceramics Galleries, we hope upon presentation of documents that confirm the right of pіlgovoi vіdvіduvannya:
- pensioners (communists of Russia and Ukraine SND),
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- students of the highest primary ranks in Russia, as well as foreign students, who are studying at the Russian VNZ (crime students-trainees),
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The right to free shipping of the main time expositions of the Gallery, Crimean events, handed over to the ceremonial orders of the Gallery’s ceramics, are hoped for by the advancing categories of citizens upon presentation of documents, which confirm the right of free shipping:
- individuals that did not reach the 18th century;
- students of faculties who specialize in the sphere of image-creating art of middle special and higher primary foundations in Russia, independently in the form of education (as well as foreign students who study at Russian universities). This paragraph does not expand on the basis, if you present student cards of “students-trainees” (for the availability of a student ticket for information about the faculty, the completion of the initial mortgage with the language statement is submitted to the faculty);
- Veterans of TAI Іnvalіdi Velikiї Vіtchiznyanoji, participants of Boiovih Diy, Kolishnі Nepovnolіtіtіtnі b'yaznіi concentration, ghetto of the first mіsts of primulovoy trianny, the wedding of the fascists of that ~ allies at Perigod of Friend Svіtovo, illegally Represianiu T. Tajelіtovітtovі Люднодания (Муданий РУСї рос
- military service of the string service of the Russian Federation;
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Depending on the wisest categories of citizens, they will deduct the entry ticket with the denomination of “No Kostovno”.
Catch the respect, that you can think of the pilgrimage of the timchas exhibitions can be different. Specify the information on the sides of the exhibitions.
