Like in the novel “War and Peace” by L.M. Tolstoy, the role of specialness of history is denied? L. Tolstoy's thoughts about the role of specialness in history in the novel "War and Peace"
Biggest TV JI.H. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" opposes the scale of the image, the subtle penetration of inner light the most inventive people, marvelous life-changing pathos, deep philosophical thoughts about the history and share of peoples. An important place in the philosophical views of Tolstoy is nurtured by the role of the special history of the people. The scribe strengthens, which by the single rushing force of history is the people, which is made up of an indefinite number of connected by folding life weaves of special features. This force is spontaneous, її cannot be organized, nor directed. Such a look of indications is due to the very nature of Russian life in the 60s of the 19th century, because at that hour the peasantry became the main mass of the people, which was an elemental mass, to that in the new hatred increased to blasphemy and political passivity.
According to the will of the people, yogo spirit to lie down successfully chi hit. The current dispositions, as if the plans of battles were broken up, not in order to help the war, as the people do not know what to fight for. So, in the Shengrabensky and Austerlitsky battles, the Russian army knows defeats, to those who are not wise, whose interests are out to steal. First of all, at the Battle of Borodino, under Tarutinim and Chervonim, the people are gaining brilliant victories, for they are defending the fatherland. The people - tse i Tushin, i Timokhin, i Tikhon Shcherbatiy, i Platon Karataev, and all ti Carpi and Vlasi, yakі did not bring food and fodder to the French to Moscow for the high wine city, and the merchant Ferapontiv, who burned the shop, so that nothing could reach the enemy . , and the elder Vasilisa, as if she was driving the French, who came to our land, and all those “indefatigable loneliness”, as if they were making their contribution to the right of victory. Tolstoy wrote that in the novel "War and Peace" he loved the idea of the people. "An indefinite number of loners" - tse different people with different characters, with different life ideals, and if it’s smart to come in bed, they stink alone. Everything is special, more visible in the background. Start fighting for freedom, in the face of adversity, peasants and helpers stand up to the enemy. Seeing such a superb image of the Bogucharovsky rebellion, like Tolstoy explains, that the peasants sighed the zayve.
Magnificent people, Tolstoy once and for all denies the role of specialness of history. On one thought, specialism is only great if it is tied to the people. Seemingly, Tolstoy superbly draws the image of one of the main characters of the novel - Kutuzov. From one side, Kutuzov the great and talented, from the other side - you can pour in a big jump. Kutuzov in the image of Tolstoy - a simple man, a miraculous mind, consume the people. So, at the fate of 1805-1807, the fate of Kutuzov testified like a man, like a method of his life to save the life of the Russian army. Vіn vіyna is not a parade on the Tsarina's field, but brudna and zhorstok on the right. For the sake of this, to save the soldiers in the face of stupid death, ready to go to conflict with the king and at the cost of little blood, save the Russian army in the face of total destruction. At the time of the war of 1812, Kutuzov became perhaps a people's commander. Under the pressure from below, from the side of the people, the tsar of turmoil would recognize Yogo as the commander-in-chief. The camp in the army changed according to Kutuzov's confessions. I wanted to happen, like before, to step in, the mood in the army was combative. And in the middle of the war, like in the war before, Kutuzov put the Russian army’s might as a metaphor for saving the living, stupefyingly, that the victory could only be for the significant number of soldiers. On the eve of the battle of Borodino, the military council is held, on which the strategy and tactics, the plan of the Russian army are developed. Ale, unimportantly on the spot, it’s developing differently, as it was planned. Kutuzov, out of pain at the heart, received a call about spending on the left and right flanks. And it’s not less than that, blame for the battle, that the battle will be won, that which the people want, that Kutuzov thinks and feels the same way, as if he were a soldier of the Russian army. At the battle of Borodino, the Russian army gained a moral victory. Spent from the other side were great. Axis why Kutuzov, without regard to bringing his military commanders, punished about the entrance through Moscow. It was not easy for him to give this order, and for a long time, until the very entrance of the French through the capital, thinking slowly, having done it right. Kutuzov called on his shoulders the whole burden of support for the share of the country, the axis of which weep with tears of joy, if we know about the entrance of the French. The strength and greatness of Kutuzov lies in the fact that the wines are inextricably tied to the people, the understanding of his interests is not in sight of himself, but from the will of the people.
On the other hand, overriding the role of the specialty of history, the specialty of Kutuzov's zokrem, Tolstoy shows that Kutuzov is incapable of carrying out a runaway. Sounds and yoga passivity. So, on the battlefield before the battle of Austerlitz, sleep, knowing that the battle will be played. Vіn upevneniy, scho smut before the fight - tse vyspatisya. You can’t hurt anything and you can’t change anything. Before the battle of Borodino, that battle under Chervonim vin relatively expands the plans, looking at all the “for” and “against”, and then they develop differently, like vin planning. So, under Chervonim, the battle starts on the day later than planned, and in the end, the swindler and the swindler are lucky: some regiments didn’t come, others didn’t come, de Mali buti. І tim not less, same pіd Chervonim bula zdobuta herself bliskucha win at the war.
In this rank, Tolstoy does not deny that Kutuzov was talented, but he had a talent for yogo, according to the thought of a writer, it is less sensible to the people's spirit. Axis yakim mi bachimo yogo in the battle of Borodino: “Kutuzov sat, having hung his head ... Vіn not having made the daily orders, but only having waited and not pogodzhuvavsya for those who proclaimed the youma ... It is not possible for hundreds of thousands of people to fight for death, one person and knowing that the share of the battle is not to be ordered by the commander in chief, not a place on which to stand, not a handful of garmat and driven people, but that imperceptible force, called the spirit of the military, vіn chasing after this power and cherubing it, as it was with yogo vladі. The strength of Kutuzov is in yoga unity with the people. Yogo is highly valued by ordinary people, more than the wine of their body and blood.
Overshadowing the role of the specialty of history, Tolstoy writes that Kutuzov victorious in his smut task - driving the French from the Russian land. And now you have nothing to lose, like die. I win died.
In opposition to Kutuzov, Napoleon's testimony. Tolstoy vvazhav, scho there is no greatness there, there is no simplicity, goodness and truth. The very same wickedness does not reach out to Napoleon. Skin gesture, skin ruh yogo spreading on the pose.
On the cob of the novel named after Napoleon, who, having conquered his Toulon, is on everyone's lips. Vin idol, genius. Bagato who worshiped youmu as a deity. I Napoleon, having convinced his superiority, his talent as a commander. Ale step by step bachimo, like Tolstoy rose his hero. On the Austerlitz field of wounds, Andriy Bolkonsky, who bowed to Napoleon, swung yoga in front of him, zdivuvavsya, naskilki vі small and worthless. During the crossing of the French troops across the Neman, at the hour of departure, Napoleon and the Russian ambassador Balashov again exchanged with him. Yogo do not chirp people, and navit itself їhnє life can not be for a new meaning. Have mercy on yourself and instill the anger of your own and tremtinnya and your left foot does not attract people, respecting you for your goodness. In the image of the writer, Napoleon is a soulless person, as he did not show any love or pretentiousness to anyone.
The defeat of Napoleon was mindful of them, that they did not care about the interests of the people of you. As if on the cob of the war of 1812, the soldiers still believe in Napoleon and are ready to die for death under your own glance, then, for example, the novel bachimo outside the layout of the French army, disobedient to Napoleonic orders. The entry to Moscow turned out to be fatal for the French. Massive plundering of the floorings engulfed the army, which the daily punishments and shootings could not have stunned. The French army, which marched from Moscow, was covered with a mass of convoys, carriages with looted goods. Such an army cannot, obviously, repair the opir, that Kutuzov didn’t have to warn the French to follow the Smolensk road, so that they would be condemned to hunger and death. Napoleon does not see the hopes of the future through those that the majestic six hundred thousand army perished in Russia. After crossing the Berezina, the wines started throwing zhalyugidni remnants of your army and go to Paris.
On the butt of Napoleon Tolstoy rose up the heroes, as if they were destroying the people and for the achievement of his special goals, to destroy hundreds of thousands of ordinary people. Napoleon is not a hero and not a genius, to the very fact that his interests did not coincide with the interests of the people - Tolstoy cites such a visnovka.
Historical singularity is the essence of a yarlik, a kind of history that hangs on the other side.
L.M. Tolstoy
Kutuzov settles down at the novel just as soon as the Russian army enters. Building Smolensk, everywhere you can see pictures of ruins. My bachimo was the commander-in-chief of the eyes of Russian soldiers, partisans, the eyes of Andriy Bolkonsky and the eyes of Tolstoy himself. For soldiers Kutuzov folk hero, some kind of priyshov zupiniti army, scho v_dstupaє, and lead її to victory. “It seems that we are accessible, speak to God. And then it’s famously with cowboys ... Now, maybe, you can speak Russian. For the devil knows what they were doing. Everyone stepped forward, everyone stepped forward, ”- even about Kutuzov, Vaska Denisov is one of the partisans. The soldiers believed in Kutuzov and bowed before him. Vіn nі on whilina do not separate from their army. Before the important battles, Kutuzov changed his mind among the soldiers, roaming with the soldiers of my own. The patriotism of Kutuzov is the patriotism of a man, which the might of the fatherland and the fighting spirit of a soldier can believe. Tse look at yoga fighters. Ale Kutuzov - not only greatest commander and a strategist in his time, a man ahead of us, as if deeply experiencing the failures of the campaign of 1812. Thus, you stand before us on the cob of your activity in the commander's settlement. “To what ... to what they brought! - having promoted Kutuzov with a rapt voice, clearly imagining the camp, where Russia was. I Prince Andriy, a kind of buv entrusted from Kutuzov, if you said a word, weep tears in the eyes of the old. “Stink my horse meat!” - I threaten the wines of the French, and we understand that it was not said just like that, for the sake of a red word.
So it is, like soldiers, to marvel at Kutuzov Andriy Bolkonsky. Z ієyu people yogo pov'yazuє sche y those who are a friend of the father. Kutuzov knew Andriy well before. Himself to Mikhail Ilarionovich, having sent the service of Prince Andriy Yogo Batko, hoping that Kutuzov could save his son. Ale, staring at the philosophy of Tolstoy, or Kutuzov, or else, do not change those that are recognized as people burn.
We invite Tolstoy himself to marvel at the commander from a different angle. Kutuzov, for this reason, can't get in on a few people, not on the head of history. At the same time, a person will indulge in the Good, as if it came with a method to overcome Evil. Evil is instilled in Napoleon, which Tolstoy praised as a "cat of peoples." The posturing of Napoleon, his self-suffocation and self-singing-a reminder of pardoning patriotism. Napoleon himself, according to Tolstoy's thought, History took away for a start. Kutuzov is less interested in Napoleon’s pasture, shards, as a guide to the life of a person, who knows the power of the share, knowing that Napoleon is saying. So wine and check at that moment, while the person herself repents from the old one? With the help of the method of wine, you flood Moscow, and by the same token, giving Napoleon the opportunity to calmly calm everything down and see the futility of the farther struggle.
Borodino like Tolstoy, so Kutuzov's battle, de may overcome Good, for whom the Russian troops are fighting. It's easy, like two great commanders are at the Battle of Borodino. Napoleon boasts, as if the stench checks for victory, then only through the special officer, self-sense is not primed in any way. Vіn spodіvaєtsya, scho result virishat yogo diї like a strategist and commander. Let's behave differently Kutuzov. Zovnishno calm, wines do not vibrate on the Borodino field of the daily orders. Yogo fate is more than enough for the sake of getting ahead of yourself and not waiting for the propositions of others. Kutuzov knows that he will be victorious like Russians, so French. But if for the Russians it will be an ear of a distant victory, then for the French-defeated.
Only once did Kutuzov defy the will of all others for the sake of Fili, if he defeated Moscow and won the war himself.
In such a manner. Tolstoy showed us Kutuzov in all his greatness, like a commander, and like a man. Kutuzov is no less than an enlightened commander, a patriot, a sensible and strange person, a great specialty, a creative mind and an understanding of the natural perebіg podіy. Poednuyuchi at his own life wisdom and devotion to the inevitable course of history, won the war.
How does Tolstoy play the role of specialness in history? ("War and Peace") and taking away the best vіdpovіd
Vidpovid vіd GALINA[guru]
Tolstoy has his own view on the role of special
in history.
A skin person has two lives: special and elemental.
Tolstoy, saying that a person is alive
sobi, but to serve the unknown znaryaddy
for the attainment of primordial human goals.
The role of special history is negligible.
You can't find the most genius person
to straighten the flow of history to your own bajan.
Її create masi, people, and not okrema specialty,
that rose above the people.
Ale Tolstoy respecting what the name of the genius deserves
that of the people who are gifted to the building to penetrate
at xіd istorichnyh podіy, touch їх spіlny
sens.
Before such people, the writer zarakhovu Kutuzov.
Vіn є vyaznik patriotic spirit
that moral strength of the Russian army.
Tse talented commander.
Tolstoy confirms that Kutuzov is a national hero.
Romani wines are like a truly Russian people,
someone else's luck, a wise historical fiend.
Napoleon, who is identified with Kutuzov,
succumb to the poor vikrittu,
more vin having formed his own role as a “kata of peoples”;
Kutuzov is magnified like a commander,
vmіє subordering all your thoughts and diї
folk sense.
Vidpovid vіd 3 types[guru]
Vitannia! Axis dobirka themes with evidence on your request: Yak Tolstoy is playing the role of special history? ("War and Peace")
In the epic novel "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy, especially borrowing food about destructive forces history. Having taken into account the scribe, what to instill in the visible features is not given by the virish rank to add the result of historical approaches to the break. Vіn stverdzhuvav: “If you allow that human life can be twisted by the mind, then the possibility of life will be reduced.” According to Tolstoy, the head of history is cherished by the most supernatural basis - God's providence. In fіnalі novel іstorichnі Zakoni porіvnyuyutsya of kopernikіvskoyu system in astronomії "Yak for astronomії trudnoschі viznannya Ruhu zemlі polyagala in fact dwellers vіdmovitisya od bezposerednogo pochuttya neruhomostі zemlі i of the railway pochuttya Ruhu planets, so i for іstorії trudnoschі viznannya pіdporyadkovanostі osobistostі the laws of space, hour And the reasons for this lie in the fact that you should act in the light of the independence of your specialty. Ale, as in astronomy, the new thought said: “it’s true, we look at the earth’s turmoil, ale, having allowed її unruliness, we come to stupidity; Having allowed the ruh, which we do not see, we come to the laws, ”so in history a new look to say: “It’s true, we don’t see our fallowness, but, having allowed our freedom, we come to stupidity; having allowed your staleness to the ovnish world, the hour and the reasons, we come to the laws.
At the first moment, it was necessary to look out for the sight of indestructibility in space and to recognize the ruhs that are not perceived by us; for whom it is so necessary to observe freedom and recognition of fallowness, which we do not recognize.”
The freedom of a person, according to Tolstoy, is only better in order to understand such a staleness and try to guess on the chair, in order to reach the maximum її. For a writer, there is an obvious primacy of feelings over the mind, laws of life over the plans and rozrahunka of other people, inspiring ingenious, real course of battle over the front disposition, the role of popular masses over the role of great commanders and rulers. Tolstoy’s reconciliation, that “it was determined to burn down, to lie in the wake of all the blessings of people, that these people have it, and that Napoleon’s poured in on the crossing of these paths є even more famous and fictitious”, oskolki “great people give labels, change , yakі so itself, like yarliks, less likely to make links from the very bottom. First of all, walk not like other people, but from the will of providence.
To Tolstoy's idea, the role of "great people" is reduced to the limit of the greatest mandate, as they are given the opportunity to guess. It can be seen on the butt of the image of the Russian commander M.I. Kutuzov. The clerk is trying to change us, that Mikhailo Ilarionovich "does not care about knowledge and reason and knows otherwise that it is not enough to speak right." In Kutuzov's novel, there are contrasts like Napoleon, and the German generals in the Russian service, who are willing to win a battle with one another, are more than far behind the broken report plan, they try to defend all the failures of living life and the future course of the battle. The Russian commander, on the vіdmіnu vіd іm, mає zdatnіst "calm gazing pіdіy" and that "nothing korisnogo not start and nothing shy not allow" zavdyakovy supernatural іntuїtsії. Kutuzov only adds to the morale of his army, to that “having known, with an old-fashioned mind, that with hundreds of thousands of people, it’s not possible for one person to fight against death place, on which to stand the warrior, not a bunch of harmat and driven people, but that imperceptible force, called by the spirit of the warrior, and chasing after the force with that force, cherubing it, as much as it was in the power of yoga. This is explained and the anger of Kutuzov's statement to General Wolzogen, which is the name of the other general foreign nickname, M.B. Barclay de Tolli talks about the entry of the Russian troops and about the capture of all the main positions on the Borodino field by the French. Kutuzov to shout at the one who brought the general’s filthy signs: “Yak you... you dare! You don't know anything. Tell me to General Barclay that the news is unfair and that the right course of the battle is to me, the commander-in-chief, more shortly, lower to you ... Throne of hits on the left and attacks on the right flank ... Be kind to General Barclay and pass it on to you tomorrow not sure how to attack the enemy ... Vidbiti creak, for which I am such a God and our good warrior. The enemy of perseverance, and tomorrow we will marry yoga from the sacred land of Russia. Here
the field marshal is prevaricating, because the result of the battle of Borodino, which is unacceptable for the Russian army, the result of which was the desolation of Moscow, which is no better than Voltsogen and Barkla. However, Kutuzov needs to better paint such a picture of the course of the battle, so that you can save the morale of those who were good for you, save them more patriotically, like “it lay in the soul of the commander-in-chief, like in the soul of the Russian skin people.”
Harsh criticism of Tolstoy of Emperor Napoleon. Like a commander who invades the territory of other powers with his troops, the writer respects Bonaparte as an indirect killer of impersonal people. IN to this particular type Tolstoy navit to enter at the deake’s place against his own fatalistic theory, for some kind of vindication of the military, lie in the sight of a human swaville. Vіn vvazhaє, scho Napoleon buv shames on the fields of Russia, and as a result of "replacement of genius є foolishness and podlіst, yakі do not waste butts." Tolstoy believe that "there is no greatness there, there is no simplicity, goodness and truth." The French emperor after being busy with the allied troops of Paris “didn’t have more sense; all things yogo are obviously zhalyugidnі and bridki ... ". And if Napoleon reclaims power for a hundred days, wine, in the opinion of the author of "War on the World," history is no longer needed "for the truth of the rest of the marriage". If we had a chance, it turned out that “the remaining role was played out. The actors were ordered to loosen up and change the surma and rouge: you don’t need wine anymore.
And pass a little bit of fate to the fact that this person on their own on their own island plays itself in front of itself, zhalugidnu comedy, intrigues that gap, true to its own delusion, if the truth is no longer necessary, and show the whole world that such people are . through force, if an invisible hand led him.
The manager, having finished the drama, having undressed the actor, having shown yoga to us.
Marvel at what you believed! Axis of wine! Chi bachite vie now, scho not wine, but I ruined you?
Ale, blinded by the power of the rush, people have not understood for a long time.
I Napoleon, those other characters of the historical process in Tolstoy are less than actors, win roles in a theatrical production directed by an unknown force. Tsya remaining in the person of such worthless "great people" reveal themselves to the people, always being left behind in the darkness.
The clerk recounted that the passage of history can be called "inconspicuous so-called vipadkovnosti". Vіn situating the same importance of historical podіy. And yet, in his criticism of Napoleon and other commanders-conquerors Tolstoy, following the Christian doctrine, zokrema, the commandment "without driving in", then with his fatalism of faults, he truly surrounded the building of God to endow people with a free will. The author of “War to the World” left behind the people the function of blindly following the baptized burn. Prote the positive significance of the philosophy of the history of Leo Tolstoy in those who have been inspired by the most important modern historians, lead the history to the death of heroes, who call to cry inert and thoughtless yurba. The writer pointed out the role of the people's masses, the sukupnostі milyonіv and milionіv іndivіdualnyh wills. Because of the fact that they themselves signify their equal, historians and philosophers concur until this day, a hundred years after the publication of “War and Peace”.
