The name of the operation was to lift Leningrad from the blockade. The day of lifting the blockade of Leningrad is celebrated. Know the people of Radyansk, what are the touches of the fearless warriors! Know, Radyansk people, that you have a blood stream of great heroes, that you have given life for the Batkivshchyna, no matter

27 September Russian Federation the Day of the Victory Glory of Russia is celebrated - the Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad. The date is determined according to the federal law "On the days of the Victory glory and memorable dates of Russia" dated 13 March 1995.

The offensive of the fascist troops on Leningrad (nine St. Petersburg), the capture of such a German command gave important strategic and political significance, it began on 10 April 1941.

At the sickle, important battles were sharpened already on the steps to the place. On the 30th sickle, the German troops cut the railings, which brought Leningrad from the country. On the 8th of spring, the fascists were far away from blocking the place from the land. Behind Hitler's plan, Leningrad is guilty of destroying the face of the earth. Knowing the failure of trying to break through the defenses of the Radyansk soldiers in the middle of the besieged kilts, the Germans failed to take the place by starvation. For all the roses of the German command, the population of Leningrad died a little from hunger and cold.

On the 8th of spring, on the day of the beginning of the blockade, the first mass bombing of Leningrad was carried out. Nearly 200 fires fell, one of them fell into Badaiv food warehouses.

At Versnі-zhovtnі vorozha aviation robbed for a day on kіlka naliotіv. The method of the opponent was not less than to instigate activity important undertakings, and create a panic among the population. Particularly intensive shelling was carried out at the beginning of the year and the end of the working day. Many who, having died during the first hour of shelling and bombardment, the impersonal life was blasted.

Perekonanіst have tsomu, scho vorogovі not vdasya zahopit Leningrad, streamed the pace of evacuation of people. Near the blockaded city, two and a half millions of Meshkants, including 400,000 children, stumbled over. There were few food reserves, and there was a chance to eat food surrogates. From the beginning, the supply of the rationing system and the norms and types of food for the population of Leningrad were repeatedly rushed.

Autumn-winter 1941-1942 - The worst hour of the blockade. Early winter brought with it cold - scorched, hot water no more, and Leningraders began to burn furniture, books, sorted out wooden spores for firewood. Transport standing. In dystrophy and cold people died by the thousands. Ale Leningraders continued pracsyuvati - praktsiuvali administrative institutions, drkarnі, polyclinics, children's gardens, theaters, a public library, continued the work of the school. The 13th-14th birthdays were celebrated, they replaced the fathers who went to the front.

In the autumn on Ladozі, through the storms of the ships, it was aggravated, and the tugboats with barges made their way into the bypass of the crop fields until the chest of 1941, the sprat of grubs was delivered by litaks. The hard ice on Ladoza was not restored for a long time, the norms for the production of bread were speeded up again.

On the 22nd of the fall of the leaves, the rumble of motor vehicles appeared along the icy road. Tsya transport highway was named "Road of Life". U sichni 1942 p. Rukh on the winter road, already bov post_ynym. The Germans bombed and shelled the road, but they did not get far enough to hit the ground.

Until September 27, 1944 The troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts broke the defenses of the 18th German army, defeated the main forces, and pushed through 60 km from the mud. Having succumbed to the real threat of sharpening, the Germans stepped forward. Bulo zvіlneno vіd voroga Chervone Selo, Pushkin, Pavlovsk. The 27th of September became the day of the complete release of Leningrad from the blockade. On the first day at Leningrad, a Christmas salute was given.

The blockade of Leningrad lasted 900 days and became a bloody blockade in the history of mankind. Historical significance of the defense of Leningrad majestic. The Radyansk warriors, having led the soothsaying hordes near Leningrad, turned yoga on the hard bastion of the entire Radian-German front at the beer entrance. Holding down the significant forces of the fascist military for 900 days, Leningrad, having pressed the source to help develop the operations of the other divisions of the great front. In the battles under Moscow and Stalingrad, under Kursk and on the Dnipro - a vagoma part of the defenders of Leningrad.

Batkivshchyna highly appreciated the feat of defending the place. Ponad 350 thousand. soldiers, officers and generals of the Leningrad Front were awarded orders and medals, 226 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Radian Union. The medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was awarded close to 1.5 million honors.

For masculinity, steadfastness and non-fighting heroism in the day of hard struggle with the German-fascist garrison town of Leningrad on September 20, 1945. Bulo was awarded the Order of Lenin, and on May 8, 1965. having won honorably the title of "Misto-Hero".

Material of preparations on the basis of information from the courts

Blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944)

The battle for Leningrad, which lasted from July 10, 1941 to April 9, 1944, found during the Great Vytchiznyanoi war. Vaughn was crowned with a gleam of victory over the Radyansk armor, demonstrated the high morale of the Radyansk people, became a symbol of masculinity and heroism of the Radyansk people and yoga of the Evil Forces.

Hot rebіg of the battle for Leningrad

The Viysk-political curiosity of the Nazi Germany gave the slaughter of Leningrad a first-rate significance. The fall of the place on the Neva would have led to the isolation of the industrial districts of the SRSR, the Radyansk state would have spent one of the most important political and economic centers. Zvіlnenі after the sacking of Leningrad, the forces of the German command moved to throw an attack on Moscow.

In its own pragnia, whether it was a misunderstanding, Nazi curiosity did not rattle in front of the most crowded methods of struggle. Hitler repeatedly destroyed Leningrad from the ground, blamed all of its inhabitants, suffocated with hunger, strangled the enemy defenders with massed attacks and artillery strikes.

The battle for Leningrad, which lasted 900 days and nights, included defensive and offensive operations. The stench was carried out in order to defend the place and defeat the German-fascist military group of armies "Pivnich" and the Finnish military mizh Onezky and Ladozky lakes, as well as on the Karelian Isthmus. From the Batvia for Lenіzdi at the Riznius, they took a fate of the pivniki, Pivniki-Zakhidny, Landgradsky, Volkhovsky, Karelskoye Ta of the 2nd Baltic Front, Z'hdnannya Aviaca Dalnoi, the Chervon-proper-propelled firmam , shaping .

At the battle for Leningrad, the forces of the military front and the working people of that region united. On the steps to the place of stench, they built a support vuzli, there were defense lines. Around Leningrad, a defense system was being created, with many belts. On the nearest steps to the place there were fortified areas, the internal defense of Leningrad was being created.

For its military-strategic scopes, acquired by forces and means, tension, results and military-political legacy, the battle for Leningrad can be divided into the next stages.

1st stage (10 lime - 30 spring 1941) - defense on the distant and near approaches to Leningrad. Leningrad strategic defense operation.
Podolavshi opir radyanskih vіysk near the Baltic states, nіmetsko-fascist vіysk 10 lindens ignited an attack on pіvdenno-zahіdnih steps to Leningrad. From the beginning of the night the Finnish troops crossed.

Special battles flared up for days on the left flank of the Pivnichno-Zakhidny front. The enemy made its way to Old Russia and Pagorba. On the 17th lime, the enemy broke through to the headquarters of the 22nd Strile Corps in the area of ​​the Dno station. Behind him, boldly entered the battle of 20 wars in the country with the intercessor of the political officer of the radio, A.K. Mary. For a long time, the stench fought off enemy attacks and gave you the opportunity to take over the headquarters. A.K. Measures of sprat times were wounded, but without flooding the battlefield. For manifestations of heroism, youmu was given the title of Hero of the Radian Union.

On 8-10 September, defensive battles broke out on the nearest approaches to Leningrad. Undaunted by the heroic support of the Radyansk troops, the enemy broke through on the left flank of the Luzka defense line and occupied Novgorod on the 19th sickle, Chudovo on the 20th, crossing the highway and the Moscow-Leningrad bay. Until the end of spring, on the Olonets and Petrozavodsk routes, the Radyansk Viysk for the support of the ships of the Ladozka Viysk Flotilla surfed the enemy at the borders of the Svir River. From 31 limes, the enemy launched an attack on the Karelian Isthmus. For example, the scythe of the Finnish military went up to the line of the old sovereign cordon. There was a real threat to the exclusion of Leningrad.
For example, the enemy, having resurrected the advance of the Moscow-Leningrad highway, 30 days of sickening to the Nevi, and having crossed the sills, which called Leningrad from the country. On the 8th of spring Shlіsselburg (Petroforte), the Germans attacked Leningrad from the land. Mayzha began a 900-day blockade of the city; On the coming day of the 9th of spring, the enemy launched a new attack on Leningrad from the region to the west of Krasnogvardijsk, and as a result of the support of the Leningrad front, the enemy attacked the enemy, which, having recognized important losses, gradually weakened, and until the end of the spring the front on the nearest approaches to the mzusta was stable. The plan of the enemy from the suffocation of Leningrad on the move declared collapse, but it caused the enemy to turn the main forces of the army group "Pivnich" for the attack on Moscow.

An important role in the defense of Leningrad from the sea was played by the heroic defense of the Moonsund Islands, the Khanko Pivostrov and the military-sea base of Tallinn, the Oranianbaum bridgehead and Kronstadt. These defenders have shown Vinyatkov's masculinity and heroism. So, for example, near the battles near the Kharku farm district, the Nazis buried a seriously wounded sailor from the ship "Minsk" O.O. Nikonov. The Hitlerites wanted to take a look at the new information about the number of our troops, but the male sailor took notice. Fascist rolls stabbed him in the eyes, tied him to a tree and burned them with live bait. E.A. Nikonov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union. Vіn nadovgo entries to the lists of the ship.

2nd stage (June 1941 - September 12, 1943) - defense battles of the Radyansk military. The blockade of the city of Leningrad.

Radyansky Viyskami repeatedly fought to try to lift the blockade of the city. In 1941, they carried out the Tikhvin defense and offensive operations, in 1942, the Lyuban and Sinyavin operations.

Hitler’s command, not realizing their plans from the flooding of Leningrad from the pivdnya, in the middle of Zhovtnya 1941, the fate of the blow to Tikhvin was set to come to the river. Svіr, join the Finnish troops and blockade Leningrad again. The enemy of the 8th leaf fall zahopiv Tikhvin, having crossed the rest of the bay, which was delivered to Lake Ladozkoe, which was transported by waterway to the lined place. In the middle of the fall of the leaves, the Radyansk troops went on a counterattack and on the 9th of the chest they captured Tikhvin, pushing the enemy behind the bunk. Volkhiv.

The situation that had developed made the German command reconsider the tactics of fighting for Leningrad. Not zumіvshi take the place by storm, it vyrіshilo reach its єї meti with a trivial blockade, accompanied by artillery shelling and bombardment from the air. On March 21, 1941, at Hitler's headquarters, an additional document "On the Siege of Leningrad" was prepared. The new one thought about the need to blockade Leningrad from the ground, to deprive the place for the winter without food, to end capitulation. And it is quiet, who until spring will be left alive, vygnati from the place, the very place zruynuvati.

The Moscow Defense Committee, party and Radiansk organizations did everything they could to help the famine of the population. Assistance to Leningrad was built on the transport highway across Lake Ladozka, called the Road of Life. Vaughn allowed to increase the food supply from the city, to move the food norms and deliver the population, to bring ammunition.

Transportation in the period of navigation was carried out by the Ladozka flotilla and Pivnichno-Zakhidne river steamship.

For the supply of oil products to the area from 5 January to 16 Cherry, 1942, pipelines were laid along the bottom of Lake Ladozkoye, and in the autumn of 1942, an energy cable was laid.
From the sea, Leningrad, covering the Baltic Fleet. Vіn taking an active part in the defensive and offensive operations of the military Leningrad Front with the help of his own aviation, naval and coastal artillery, naval infantry, as well as ensuring the safe transport of military troops along the Finnish transport Ladozskoe Lake. On the territory of the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions, which was covered by the enemy, an active struggle of the partisans was launched.

In the spring - quarter of 1942, the shock troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, advancing one by one, fought on Lubansky, and in sickle - Zhovtny on the Sinyavinsky straight lines with the method of breaking the blockade of the city. However, through the marriage of forces and the success of the operation, the success was not small, but all the same, the enemy was given a serious shoddy in manpower and combat technology. Yogo sili buli skuti.

3rd stage (1943) - battles of the Radyansk troops, breaking through the blockade of Leningrad.

At the beginning of 1943, with the method of breaking through the blockade of the city of Leningrad, a strategic offensive operation"Iskra". On September 12, 1943, the 67th Army of the Leningrad Front (commanded by Colonel-General L.A. Govorov), 2nd shock and part of the forces of the 8th Army Volkhov Front(Commander General of the Army K.A. Meretskov) for the support of the 13th and 14th strike armies, long-range aviation, artillery and aviation of the Baltic Fleet, they led sharp strikes on the narrow ledge between Sinyavіsselburg. On September 18, the stench began to rise in the areas of working settlements No. 5 and No. 1. On the afternoon, a corridor 8-11 km wide was hidden in front of Lake Ladozkoye. In 18 days, a 36-kilometer runway was built along the natural birch of Ladoga. She was sent by train to Leningrad.

Having broken through the blockade, becoming a turning point in the battle for a place on the Neva. I want the wine to be flooded with the front-line mist, but the plan for it to be slaughtered by the Nazis is still enough. Significantly improved the supply of food, the strategic situation near Leningrad.

Radyansk warriors in these battles created a lot of heroic, immortal deeds. Thus, the call of the 270th regiment of the 136th rifle division D.S. Well done, advancing at once with arrows, voluntarily voicing to step up to the bunker, as if he had crooked the steps to the opponent’s battery. Vikonuyuchi tse zavdannya, at the cost of life, giving the regiment the opportunity to buy an important battery. Molodtsov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union.

Husband fought mortar brothers Shumov Oleksandr, Vasyl, Luka, Ivan, Avksentij. All of them are awarded orders.

The heroic feat of the pilot was created by Senior Lieutenant I.S. Panteliev. Yogo lіtak, like having given additional help to the ground warriors at strangled goals, bv pіdbity and slammed. Self-propelled pilot, having directed his car, which was on fire, at the battery of the enemy, having bombed it, and then throwing hoots at half-minds of the letak on the German convoy.

In the summer and autumn battles of 1943, the fate of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, with active actions, tried to try the enemy to reinstate the blockade of Leningrad, conducting few private operations. The stench shrugged off the improved positions of the Radian troops. Natomist combat activity of our troops was close to 30 guard divisions. Tse did not allow the enemy to throw over one of them for a day, de, zokrema, near Kursk, the Nazis recognized the blows.

4th stage (sichen - lyuty 1944) - the offensive of the Radyansk warriors on the pivnіchno-zahіdny straight line, outside the blockade of Leningrad.

During the course of the first stage, the Radianian troops carried out the Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation, within the framework of the Leningrad Front, the Krasnosilsko-Ropshinska offensive was removed, and the Volkhov Front - the Novgorod-Luzka offensive operation.

On September 14, 1944, the fate of the Radianian troops went on the offensive from the Oranienbaum bridgehead to Ropsha, and on September 15 - from Leningrad to Chervone Selo. On September 20, the army, which was advancing, rallied in the area of ​​Ropsha and liquidated the sharpening of the enemy's grouping. One hour on September 14, Radiansky troops crossed the offensive near the region of Novgorod, on September 16 - on the Lyubansky straight line and on September 20, Novgorod was called. Until the end of September, the towns of Pushkin, Krasnogvardiysk, Tosno, Lyuban, Chudovo were called.

On September 27, 1944, the fate will forever be forgotten in the memory of Leningraders, of all our people. The blockade of Leningrad was completely liquidated.

The date of 27 September was marked in Russia as the Day of the Victory Glory of Russia - the Day of the lifting of the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944).

Up to 15 fierce as a result of hard battles, the enemy’s defenses in the Luga region were repaired. After that, the Volkhov Front was formed, and the troops of the Leningrad and 2nd Baltic Fronts, continuing to follow the enemy, until the end of the 1st month, reached the cordon of the Latvian RSR. As a result of the Leningrad-Novgorod operation, there was a heavy blow to the Pivnich army group, the entire Leningrad region and a part of the Kalininskaya region were sacked, the Radyansk troops entered the borders of the Estonian RSR, and the Baltic states were created to destroy the enemy.

Влітку 1944 року війська Ленінградського і Карельського фронтів за участю Балтійського флоту, Ладозької та Онезької військових флотилій розгромили угруповання противника на північному крилі радянсько-німецького фронту, чим було вирішено вихід Фінляндії з війни, повністю забезпечена безпека Ленінграда і звільнена більша частина.

Historical Significance of the Victory at the Battle of Leningrad

Great Vitchiznyan war knows few battles and battles on the way to the all-world-historical Victory over German fascism and yogo allies. Especially in the midst of them and in the light of the world's military history lie the steadfast and heroic 900-day defense of Leningrad.

What is the historical significance of the battle for Leningrad?

First, the defense of the besieged Leningrad became a symbol of masculinity and heroism of the Radian people. Zahisniki and residents of the city, being in the blockade, samovidno vіdobrazhal militant forces of the German fascist troops. Undaunted by the hardships, the losses, the sacrifices, the wastes, the stench of the whip did not hesitate at the peremoz, they stood firm, showing at the same time signs of stamina, showcases and patriotism. The history of war does not know a similar feat.

Unbearable hardships and suffering had a chance to survive Leningrad, for the yogis and defenders of the siege winter of 1941-1942. The place was spared food supplies and paliva. At the living house, a supply of electricity was pinned down. Viyshov from the verge of water, 78 km of the sewer line were built. The trams were getting louder, the communal services stopped working. In the autumn of 1941, food rations were reduced five times. From 20 leaf fall, the workers took 250 grams of bread per day, reshta - 125 grams each. Bread from Syria, folding into 2/5 of the houses. Scurvy and dystrophy began.

The Hitlerite command led the barbaric bombardment and artillery shelling of Leningrad. During the period of the blockade, about 150 ths. shells and thrown over 102 yew. fuses and close to 5 yew. explosive bombs. During the spring - leaf fall of 1941, the city of 251 times was deafened by an alarm. The average period of artillery shelling in the leaf fall of 1941 reached 9 years.

A high price was paid by the bagmen. During the last days of blockade from artillery shelling and bombardment, 641,803 individuals died of hunger and cold. Many of them were buried at the mass graves of the Piskarivsky tsvintar.

Hundreds of thousands of Radyansk warriors laid down their heads at the battle for Leningrad. 979254 people were laid up for irrevocable losses, 1947770 people for sanitary workers.

In another way, the battle for Leningrad is of little great military and strategic importance. Vaughn pushed a break in the battlefields of others directly to the Radian-German front. The great forces of the German fascist troops and the entire Finnish army were drawn into the battle at Pivnichny entry. As early as 1942, at the warehouse of the army group "Pivnich" there were 34 divisions, then zhovtnі - already 44. Hitler's command through the activity of the radian troops was to transfer the z-pіd of Leningrad the great forces of the Kursk military to the front (pіd), Pіd, Moscow, Stalingrad if there were large-scale battles fought there. From the end of the battle for Leningrad, a significant number of soldiers of the Leningrad and Karelian fronts vibrated, like the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command won on other strategic directions.

Thirdly, at the hour of the battle for Leningrad, the distant development of the Radian Viysk mysticism began. First in the history of modern wars, there was a rout of the enemy, for a trivial hour blocking the largest place, with a blow of a call in the afternoon with a hard blow from a taxed place. The offensive, carrying out such a plan, buv universal preparations and successful completions.

The victory was achieved by the susils of all kinds and low victories for the active engagement of the partisans. The headquarters of the Supreme High Command directed and coordinated the di fronts, the fleet, the army of the PPO, the flotillas and the UPU. The correct choice of the main directives of the army, the timely setting of battle orders by him, the strengthening of the fronts in the middle of the war, the prompt redirection of the troops during the course of the operations were of great importance for the successful outcome of the battle.

At the defensive stage of the battle of blocking from land, the area of ​​​​roztashuvannya of the Radyansk troops (with Leningrad in the center) became a single system of positions and lines, which expanded the possibility of maneuvering forces and means for zoseredzhennya їx on dangerous lines. On the Leningrad front, in the spring of 1941, one of the first in the spring, effective artillery counter-preparation was carried out for the enemy, which was prepared before the assault on the place.

Having broken through the blockade, zdіysnyuvavsya zavdannya zastrіchnyh strikes in the grouping of two fronts. In the course of offensive operations, the Radyansk military art was enriched with the support of a heavily fortified defense of the enemy near the forest-marshy area. Significant development of the tactics of offensive fire drills and tank subdivisions. These children fought for self-reliance in the battles for the border crossings, crossing over the water lines. An effective counter-battery fight, which took the fate of the UPU front and fleet, became the butt of a nice counter-attack artillery of the enemy for the minds of the blockade.

Fourthly, the battle for Leningrad became a great military and political undertaking and, for its significance, went far beyond the borders of the Radian Union. Vaughn was highly appreciated by our allies. US President F. Roosevelt at the letter, directing Leningrad, writing: “In the name of the people of the Successful States of America, I present my letter to the city of Leningrad on the riddle about the heroic warriors and the heroic men, women and children, yakі, being an insulated zagarbnik in the people I uninvited on the post -bombardant that non -Chuvanniy vid cold, hunger that hunger, habitfully bore their loving a lot of critical periode, 8 roky, 1943 Roku I symbols the union of Radyanskiy people. aggression".

To put it bluntly, the battle for Leningrad demonstrated the great strength of the moral and political unity of the Radianian community, the friendship of the peoples of our Batkivshchyna. Representatives of all nationalities of the Radyansk Union fought near Leningrad, as they showed boundless goodness and mass heroism. Same under Leningrad, a massive sniper movement was born. In the fierce fate of 1942, 10 of the best snipers of the Leningrad Front were awarded the title of Hero of the Radian Union, and 130 were awarded orders and medals.

The defense of Leningrad had a small nationwide character, which appeared among the dense agglomeration of the military and the population under the core of the city's defense committee, as if it had become political during the period of the blockade, the military and the state life of the city. From the initiatives of party organizations in the lime-spring 1941. 10 divisions of the people's militia were formed at the city, 7 of them became personnel divisions.

The Batkivshchyna highly appreciated the feat of the defenders of Leningrad. A lot of parts and orders were turned into guards, decorated with orders, they took away the honorary names of Leningrad. For masculinity, courage and heroism over 350 thousand. the soldiers of the Leningrad Front were awarded orders and medals, 226 were awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union. The medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was awarded close to 1.5 million honors. On September 26, 1945, Leningrad was awarded the Order of Lenin, and on May 8, 1965, the Hero of Leningrad was awarded the Gold Zirka medal.

As a matter of fact, I will win in the battle for Leningrad, and I will win the hearts of the heroic feat of the workers of the body. The Viyskovo-automobile road, laid by the ice of Ladozskoye Lake and named the Road of Life, has many analogues in world history. Only I'm going through the blockade winter of 1941 - 1942. he had delivered over 360 yew. tons of vantazhіv, zokrema close to 32 yew. tons of ammunition and ammunition, close to 35 thousand. tons of firewood and oil materials. About 550 ths. osib, close to 3.7 thousand. carriages of possession, cultural values ​​of that other lane. For the entire period of dії the Road of Life transported 1615 yew. tons of vantazhіv, evacuated close to 1376 yew. osib.

Ignorantly on the best mind, the craftsmanship of Leningrad did not stick to its work. At the important minds of the blockade, the working people provided the front with reinforcements, orders, uniforms, and ammunition. During the period of the blockade, 2 thousand were repaired and prompted. tanks, 1.5 thousand. aircraft, thousands of garmats, a lot of warships, 225 thousand were prepared. automatic, 12 thousand. mortars, about 10 million shells and min.

The role of cultural-illuminating robots under the hour of the blockade was especially important, they took the part of children's culture and mysticism. Vaughn raised the morale of the siege survivors, wielded masculinity, developed bitter hatred to the level of fascist zagarbniks, suffocated on the stanchion of hardships and insecurities, instilled remembrance at the crossroads.

Nina, like before, to shy away, try to twist, to reveal the heroic defense of Leningrad by the heavenly light. It is confirmed, for example, that this defense is not of small military significance. To this, the death of a rich thousand of people with a boulder. It was necessary to simply give the Nazis a place. І vіn, movlyav, zalishivsya b tsilim like Paris, Brussels, The Hague and other capitals of wealthy European countries. This shameless nonsense is dictated by the political situation, the falsification of military history. Vaughn is directed at those who take the blame for the death of people from the Nazis.

Mayzha 66 years passed since the day of the famous victory at the battle for Leningrad. Ale and do the feat of Leningraders, warriors of the army and fleet, as they stood by our pіvnіchnu capital, elevating the glory of Russia to the Russian wines to serve for the younger generations as a butt of loyalty to the patriotic and military footwear, masculinity and courage at the defense of freedom and the independence of the Motherland.

Before classes, those who attended that first hour of the day were invited to visit the museum of the military district, request for speeches by veterans of the Great War of the Great War, workers of the tylu, Leningraders-blockaders.

At the introductory word, do not hesitate to say that the Battle of Leningrad is a good contribution to the treasury of the Russian glory of Russia, and you will forever be saved from the military history of our people as a symbol of masculinity, stamina, and self-given zahist of your Vіtchizni.

When the first power is displayed, it is necessary, with a victorious map, to show the development of the strength of the forces of the opposing sides at different stages of the battle, to report on deeds, to bring examples of masculinity and heroism of the Radian warriors.

In the course of looking at another source, it is necessary to objectively show the role of the Battle of Leningrad in the country's historiography, to bring statistical data that will tell about the cost of victory.

The view of the food passed richly tsіkavіshe, as if it were accompanied by a display of fragments in documentaries and feature films about the Battle of Leningrad, listening to fragments of the famous Symphony Symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich, readings of Akhurikіv Ganholmatists іz Ganholmatіv poets.

At the end of the lesson, it is necessary to make short windings, to feed the hearing.

1. Great Vitchiznyan War of the Radyansky Union 1941-1945: short story. - M., 1984.

2. Viyskova Encyclopedia. U 8 vol. T. 1. - M., 1997.

3. Petrov B. Immortal feat of the defenders of Leningrad. // Orientation. - 2004. - No. 1.

4. Strilnikov V. During the Great Victory (until the 65th anniversary of the siege of Leningrad). // Orientation. - 2008. - No. 12.

Colonel
Dmitro SAMOSVAT.
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Lieutenant Colonel
Oleksiy KURSHEV

Siege of Leningrad
	Leningrad, SRSR
	Peremoga of the Chervonoy Army, the residual lifting of the blockade of Leningrad
	Third Reich
	Finland
	Blakitna division
commanders
Voroshilov	W. von Leeb
G. K. Zhukov	G. von Küchler
I. I. Fedyuninsky	K. G. Mannerheim
M. S. Khozin	A. Munoz Grandes
L. A. Govorov
V. F. Tributs
Power of the parties
Nevidomo	Nevidomo
Viysk soldiers 332,059 killed 24,324 non-combat soldiers 111,142 reported missing	Unknown

Siege of Leningrad- the blockade of the German, Finnish and Spanish (Blakytna division) troops for the participation of volunteers from Pivnichnaya Africa, Europe and the military-naval forces of Italy during the hour of the Great Military War of Leningrad (nin St. Petersburg). Trivala from 8 September 1941 to 27 September 1944 (the blockade was broken through on 18 September 1943) - 872 days.

Until the beginning of the blockade, the city did not have enough food reserves for the whole amount. The only way of success from Leningrad was Lake Ladozka, which was within the reach of artillery and aviation oblog, on the lake also the enemy’s military-sea flotilla was united. The throughput capacity of the transport artery did not meet the needs of the place. As a result of mass famine, which appeared in Leningrad, settlements were especially severe during the first blockade winter, problems with scorching and transport, causing up to hundreds of thousands of deaths among residents.

After the blockade of the oblogue of Leningrad was lifted by the fortune-tellers and the fleet, it was trival until the spring of 1944. In 1944, for the support of ships and aircraft of the Baltic Fleet, Viborzka and Svіrsko-Petrozavodsk operations were carried out, on the 20th of the year, Petrozavodsk was fired on Viborg, and on the 20th of the year, Petrozavodsk was fired on 20 Chervnya. In the spring of 1944, the island of Hogland was ringing.

For mass heroism and masculinity in the defense of the Batkivshchyna in the Great Vitchiznyaniya war of 1941-1945, shown by the defenders of the besieged Leningrad, zgіdno z by the Decree of the Presidium of the Verkhovna ї For the sake of the SRSR on January 8, 1965. the place was assigned the most important step of recognition - the title of Misto-hero.

Nimechchin's attack on the SRSR

The sacking of Leningrad was a warehouse razroblennoy nazi Nemechchina plan of war against the SRSR - the plan "Barbarossa". The newcomer got the idea that Radian Union guilty of buti povnіstu devastations stretching 3-4 months in the summer and autumn of 1941, to the hour of the bliskavich war (“blitzkrieg”). Until the fall of the leaves in 1941, the fate of the German Vijska Mali took over the entire European part of the SRSR. Zgidno with the “Ost” (“Skhid”) plan, for a long time, they blamed a significant part of the population of the Radyansk Union, the nasampers, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, as well as the Ukrainian Jews and Gypsies - no less than 30 million people. Zhodin from the peoples, who inhabited the SRSR, is not guilty of the right to their sovereignty, but to create autonomy.

Already on the 23rd of the chervnya, the commander of the Leningrad Viysk District, Lieutenant General M. M. Popov, issued an order about the beginning of work on the formation of the additional line of defense on the Pskov straight in the Luga region.

On April 4, the decision was confirmed by the Directive of the Headquarters of the head command signed by G.K. Zhukov.

Finland joins the war

On 17 chervnya, 1941, a decree was issued in Finland on the mobilization of the entire field army, and on 20 chernya, the army was mobilized in the middle of the radian-Finnish cordon. On 21-25 chervnya from the territory of Finland against the SRSR, the military-marine and military forces of Nimechi worked. On March 25, 1941, on the orders of the Headquarters of the Air Force of the Pivnichny Front, jointly with the aviation of the Baltic Fleet, they ordered a massive strike on nineteen (for the other tributes - 18) airfields in Finland and Pivnichnoy Norway. The Air Force of Finland and the German 5th Guards Army were based there. On the same day, the Parliament of Finland voted for war from the SRSR.

On March 29, 1941, the Finnish army, having crossed the sovereign cordon, initiated a land operation against the Soviet Socialist Republic.

Vihіd viysk enemy to Leningrad

In the first 18 days of the offensive, the 4th tank group of the enemy traveled more than 600 kilometers in battles (at a rate of 30-35 km per extraction), crossed the rivers of the Zakhidna Dvina and Velika.

4 parts of the Wehrmacht entered the Leningrad region, forcing the river Velika and podolavshi zmіtsnennya "Stalin's Line" at the Ostrіv straight.

5-6 lindens of the enemy’s army occupied the place, and 9 lindens - Pskov, which is located 280 kilometers from Leningrad. From Pskov, the shortest way to Leningrad is to pass the Kiev Highway, which goes through Luga.

19 linden, at the time of the departure of the advanced German parts, the Luzky defensive line was well prepared in the engineering field: the defensive lines were built with a length of 175 kilometers and a deep depth of 10-15 kilometers. Defensive spores were made by the hands of Leningraders, a good woman and a pidlitkiv (people went to the army and militia).

The fortified area of ​​Luzkoy was hit by a German advance. Report of the commanders of the German troops to the headquarters:

The command of the Leningrad Front was defended by Gepner's zatrimka, which, having sharpened the reinforcements, and prepared to sharpen the enemy, victorious, zokrem, new big tanks KV-1 and KV-2, which were successfully released by the Kirov plant. Only in 1941, about 700 tanks were prompted, which were lost from the city. In the course of an hour, 480 armored vehicles and 58 armored vehicles were launched, often fired by hard ship shells. At the Rzhev artillery range, it was found a military ship-based artillery shell with a caliber of 406 mm. Vono was assigned to the head battleship "Radyansky Soyuz", which is already on the slipway. It was for this reason that the German positions were fired on during the hour. The German offensive was pinned on the sprat of tyzhniv. The fortune-telling warriors did not get far enough to shovel the place on the move. Tsya zatrymka called out sharply Hitler's displeasure, who had arranged a special trip to the army group "Pivnich" with a method to prepare a plan for the sacking of Leningrad in the spring of 1941. The Fuehrer and the commanders of the Führer, the Crimea, have no military arguments, but there are few political arguments. I thought that the flooding of Leningrad would give like a military victory (control of the Baltic coasts and the reduction of the Baltic fleet), and bring great political dividends. The Radian Union to spend a place, as if, being a stake of the Zhovtnevoy revolution, may be special for the Radian State symbolic sensation. In addition, Hitler is even more important not to give the Radyansk command the opportunity to lead military operations from the Leningrad region and victorious victories on other front lines. Vіn rozrakhovuvav znischiti vіyska, scho defended the place.

At the thriving battles, continuing the crises in the different places, the German wars were preparing for the storm of the place for a month. The Baltic Fleet with its 153 garmats of the head caliber of naval artillery, as having shown the defense of Tallinn, for its combat effectiveness, outweighs the same caliber of coastal artillery, which is also available in Leningrad. The sky of the place protected the 2nd Corps of the PPO. The greatest number of anti-aircraft artillery during the defense of Moscow, Leningrad and Baku was 8-10 times greater, lower during the defense of Berlin and London.

On the 14th-15th of September, the Germans made their way through the swampy mistsevit, around the luzky UR from the sunset, forcing the Great Sabsky river Luga, to enter the operational area in front of Leningrad.

On the 29th chervnya, having crossed the cordon, the Finnish army started fighting on the Karelian Isthmus. On the 31st lime, the great Finnish offensive began at the straight line of Leningrad. Before the beginning of spring, the Finns crossed the old Radian-Finnish cordon on the Karelian Isthmus to a 20-km-deep, which, having reached the signing of the peace treaty of 1940, reached the borders of the Karelian Ukrіprayon. The link between Leningrad and the borderland through the territories occupied by Finland was inspired by the 1944 year.

On the 4th of spring, 1941, General Jodl, the head of the head headquarters of the Nimechchini army, was sent to Mannerheim's headquarters in Mikkeli. Ale vin otrimav vіdmova at the part of the finіv at the attack on Leningrad. Natomist Mannerheim launched a successful attack on the Ladoga River, crossing the Kirov Bay and the White Sea-Baltic Canal in the area of ​​Onezkoye Lake, blocking the route for deliveries to Leningrad vantage.

On the 4th of spring 1941, the place itself recognizes the first artillery shelling from the side of the Tosno town, which was occupied by the Germans.

Veresni, born in 1941 a small group of officers in charge of the command drove by a lorry car along Lisovy Prospekt to the Levashovo airfield. Trochs in front of us are recaptured by the people of the tram. Vіn galmuє in front of the zupinka, where the group is large. Lunaє bursting the projectile, and richly someone falls on the teeth, drenched in blood. Another opening, a third one… The tram is divided into trifles. Chest stuffed. Injured and crippled, mostly women and children, roaming the streets, knocking and crying. A blond-haired lad of seven or eight years of age, with a marvelous bite on his teeth, curling his face with his hands, riding over the murdered mother and repeating: - Mommy, what a stench they made ...

On the 6th of spring 1941 Hitler, by his order (Weisung No. 35), launched the attack of the Pivnich group of troops on Leningrad, which had already reached the frontier of the city, and ordered Field Marshal Leeb to give all the tanks of Hepner Moscow. The Germans advanced, pushing their tanks to the central front, continued to sharpen the blockade, further from the center of the city no more than 15 km lower, and moved to the blockade. In the situation, Hitler, really demonstrating his greatness, having spent, like acknowledging his guilt, having entered the battle with his own decisions, sent the populace to death by starvation.

On the 8th of spring, the soldiers of the Pivnich group sacked the Shlіsselburg (Petrofortets) town. On the third day, the blockade of the city began, which lasted 872 days.

On the same day, the German troops unexpectedly slumped at the front of the city. German motorcyclists brought the tram to the pivdenniy outskirts of the city (route No. 28 Stremenna vul. - Strilna). Under the rule of the Radyansk supreme command, information about the closing of the ring was not reported, relying on the breakthrough. And on the 13th of Veresnya, Leningradskaya schopravda wrote:

This locking costed the lives of hundreds of thousands of city dwellers, the shards of the decision about the delivery of food were praised for this goodness.

All summer day and night, close to pivmillion people worked at the city's defense lines. One of them, the most prominent, was named "Stalin's Line" passing through the Obvіdny Canal. Bagato budinkov on the defensive lines was converted to dovgostrokovі strongholds and points of support.

On the 13th of spring, Zhukov arrived at the place, having started to command the front on the 14th of spring, if, in spite of the expansion of the Duma, circulated by numerous artistic films, the army advanced already, the front was stabilized, and the enemy made his decision about the assault.

Problems of evacuation of bagmen

Situation on the cob blockade

The evacuation of the inhabitants of the city began as early as 06/29/1941 (the first pull) and there was little organization. For example, the fire was created by the Miska commission for evacuation. The roses began to work among the population, the need to leave Leningrad, the shards of rich residents did not want to leave their houses. Before the German attack of the SRSR, there were no further plans for the evacuation of the population of Leningrad. The possibility of reaching the place by the Germans was considered minimal.

The first wave of evacuation

The first stage of evacuation was from 29 chervnya to 27 serpnya, if parts of the Wehrmacht plundered the salve, which links Leningrad with the regions, which should lie on the side of the river. This period was characterized by two features:

• For non-residents of the city, get out of the city;
• A lot of children from Leningrad were evacuated to the districts of the Leningrad region. This year brought about the fact that 175,000 children turned back to Leningrad.

During this period, 488,703 individuals were evacuated from the area, including 219,691 children (395,091 were vacated, and then 175,000 were turned back) and 164,320 workers and service workers who were evacuated at once from undertakings.

Another hvil evacuation

In another period, evacuation was carried out in three ways:

• evacuation through Lake Ladozke by water transport to Novaya Ladoga, and then to st. Volkhovbud by road;
• evacuation by aviation;
• evacuation along the ice road through Lake Ladozka.

During this period, 33,479 cases were transported by water transport (of which 14,854 were of non-Leningrad population), aviation - 35,114 (of which 16,956 were of non-Leningrad population), indirectly through Lake Ladozke and unorganized vehicles from the last 2 - 1961 babies 118 osib (population not from Leningrad), from 22 September to 15 April 1942 according to "Dorozi zhittya" - 554 186 osib.

Over a different period of evacuation - from spring 1941 to April 1942 - from the place, mainly along the "Long Life" across Lake Ladozka, about 659 thousand people were evacuated.

Third hvilya evacuation

From May to July 1942, 403,000 people were brought in. Well, for the period of the blockade, 1.5 million people were evacuated from the place. By the end of 1942, the evacuation was completed.

Lasts

Tips for evacuants

Some of the people who were taken out of the city did not dare to lie. A few thousand people died from the aftermath of starvation even after they were transported to the Great Land. Doctors were far from being able to look at people, as if they were starving. Were depressed, if the stench died, otrimavshi great amount of sour zhі, like for the exiled organism, the boulder was essentially rotten. At the same time, there could have been more victims, as if the local government of the regions did not accommodate the evacuees, did not report on the supremacy of the efforts to ensure the provision of food for Leningraders and qualified medical assistance.

Implications for Moscow ceramics

The blockade became a bitter experience for all the services of the city, which ensured the life of the majestic place. Leningrad gave a unique document to the organization of life for the minds of hunger. Paying respect to the coming fact: at the hour of the blockade, on the vіdmіnu of the riches of other vipadkіv mass famine, there were no great epidemics of the day, not respecting those who were hygienic in the place of the bula, obviously, richly lower. normal level through mayzhe again water supply, sewerage and scorching. Without a doubt, the winter of 1941-1942 helped the Suvora epidemics. Vodnochas dosledniki indicate effective preventive visits, accepted by the government and medical service.

Autumn 1941

Failure try blitzkrieg

For example, sickle in 1941, the fate of the German offensive resurfaced. German units broke through the Luzky defensive line and straightened up to Leningrad. On the 8th of spring, the enemy of the Viishovs reached Lake Ladozkoe, having sacked Shlisselburg, taking control of the Nevi dzherelo, and blocking Leningrad from the land. This day is worth the blockade during the day. All railroads, railroads and automobile communications were opened. The message from Leningrad was now more likely to be said to Ladozskoye Lake. From the first place, the Finnish troops were blockaded, and the 23rd army of the Karelian UR was blockaded. Only one railway station was saved from the shores of Ladozskoye Lake from the Finlyandsky railway station - "The Road of Life".

Tse often confirm that the fins were following the order of Mannerheim Finland ahead of the Radian-Finnish war of 1939-1940, from the other side, Isaev and N. I. Barishnikov:

On the 11th of spring 1941, the president of Finland, Risto Ryut, told the German envoy in Helsinki:

The total area taken from the kіltse of Leningrad, that permіst became close to 5000 km².

Behind the words of G.K. Zhukov, “the camp that was shaping up near Leningrad, Stalin at that time assessed as catastrophic. Like wine to instill the word "hopeless". Vіn kav, scho, maybe, a few days will pass, and Leningrad will happen to be ruined.” After the completion of the Elninsk operation, by order of the 11th of September, R. Do. Zhukov was appointed commander of the Leningrad Front, until the obov'yazkіv rozpochav іz 14 Veresnya.

The commander of the Baltic Fleet V. F. Tributs, K. Ye. Voroshilov and A. A. Zhdanov.

On the 4th of spring 1941, the Germans called for regular artillery shelling of Leningrad, although the decision about the storming of the city remained in force until the 12th of spring, if Hitler had instructed him about it, then Zhukov arrived two days later after the deadline for the storming of the punishment. Mіstseve kerіvnitstvo prepared the main backwaters to vibuha. All ships of the Baltic Fleet were flooded. Invoking the zupinity of the fortune-telling advance, Zhukov did not zupinyavsya in front of the highest entrances. For example, months of wine, signing the ciphergram No. 4976 with the following text:

Vіn, zokrema, having seen the order about those who, for self-sufficient entry, that overstretched the cordon of defense, near the place, all the commanders and the soldiers fired a negainous shooting. Vіdstup stooped.

The soldiers who defended Leningrad for the day, stood to death. Leeb continued successful work on the nearest steps to the place. This method was used to break the end of the blockade and to bring the forces of the Leningrad Front to the cob on the de-blockade of the 54th army. Zreshtoi, the gate zupinivsya for 4-7 km from the place, in fact, at the front. The line of the front, tobto trenches, where the soldiers sat, passed only 4 km from the Kirov plant and 16 km from the Winter Palace. Not being close to the front, the Kirov Plant did not attach the work to the long blockade period. From the plant to the line of the front, I went to the tram. There was a long tram line from the city center to the frontier, but now it was victorious for the transportation of soldiers and ammunition.

Cob food crisis

Ideology of the German side

At Hitler's directive No. 1601 dated 22 September 1941 "The future of the city of Petersburg" (new. Weisung Nr. Ia 1601/41 vom 22. September 1941 "Die Zukunft der Stadt Petersburg") For the sake of appointment, it was said:

2. The Führer virishiv wipe the city of Leningrad from the face of the earth. After the defeat of Radianskaya Russia away, the foundation of the largest settlement is not of any interest. 4. Transferring to a place with a tight ring and a path of shelling for artillery of all calibers, and uninterrupted bombardment for resurrecting it from the ground. As a result of the camps that have developed in the city, there will be announcements about the delivery, stench will be found out, shards of problems that will cause the population of the city to be rebuked by the city and the food supply, they cannot and are not guilty of virishuvatisya. We have wars, which have the right to a foundation, we are not zatsіkavlenі in the savings, wanting a part of the population.

Zgіdno zі vіdchennami Yodl pіd hour of the Nurember process,

It should be noted that this order No. S.123 had the following clarification:

... joden German soldier not guilty of entering the city [Moscow and Leningrad]. Whoever leaves the place against our lines, we can fire back. Small passages that are not protected, so that we can shy away from the population one by one for evacuation from the inner regions of Russia, only a little bit of wind. The population needs to be sent away from the place for additional artillery shelling and repeated bombardment. The more numerous will be the population of the place that lives in the depths of Russia, the greater will be the chaos at the gate and the easier it will be for us to manage the administration of the rich areas. All other officers are guilty of recognition of the Fuehrer's duties

The German military leaders protested against the order to shoot in the civilian population and said that such an order would not be victorious, but Hitler was not ugly.

Changing the tactics of warfare

The battles under Leningrad did not stumble, but changed their character. The German army destroyed the place with massed artillery shelling and bombardment. Particularly strong were bombs and artillery strikes near the yellow - leaf fall of 1941. The Nazis dropped thousands of bombs on Leningrad from a mass fire method. Particular respect was attached to them by the depletion of food warehouses, and the factory was far away. So, zokrema, on the 10th of spring, they bombed the famous warehouses of Badaiv, where they knew significant food supplies. After a grandiose fire, thousands of tons of products burned, melting tsukor like mist, climbing into the ground. Tim is not smaller, in spite of the expansion of the Duma, the bombardment could not become the main cause of the food crisis, the shards of Leningrad, as if it were any other metropolis, supply "from the colossus", and food stocks, depleted at once from warehouses, the place would be more than enough for a sprat days .

Taught by this harsh lesson, Mrs. Vlad began to add special respect masquerading food stocks, which were now taken up only in small parties. Henceforth, hunger became the most important official, the primary share of the population of Leningrad. The blockade, established by the German army, is aimed at the extinction of the Russian population.

Share of city dwellers: demographic officials

For tribute, as of September 1, 1941, three or three million people lived in Leningrad. For the place, it is characteristic of a high, low sound, a hundred of non-practical population, a shelter of children and old ones. Yogo was struck by the invisible military-strategic camp, tied up with closeness to the cordon and viciousness in the syrovinnyh and scorching bases. At the same time, the city of medical and sanitary service of Leningrad was one of the best in the country.

Theoretically, the Radian side could have the option of taking the military buildings of Leningrad vorogovo without a fight vіdkritim mistom”, as it happened, for example, from Paris). However, if you take Hitler’s plans for the future of Leningrad (or, to be more precise, in the presence of a new future in the future), there is no way to prove that the share of the population of the city at the time of capitulation would be better for a share in the real minds of the blockade.

The actual cob blockade

On the 8th of spring, 1941, the beginning of the blockade is taken into account, if the land link between Leningrad and the mainland was interrupted. The inhabitants of the city spent the opportunity to deprive Leningrad two days earlier: the salaries were interrupted on the 27th, and tens of thousands of people were stingy at the railway stations and in the front lines, as if they were scoring the opportunity to break through. The situation was made more comfortable by the fact that, with an ear of war, Leningrad was flooded by at least 300,000 migrants from the Baltic republics and from the sudan regions of Russia.

The catastrophic food camp of the city became clear on the 12th of April, if the re-verification of that appearance of the existing natural reserves was completed. Food cards were introduced in Leningrad on the 17th day of the linden, then even before the blockade, the prote ce was broken up only in order to put things in order with the postachani. Misto entered the war, looming large stock of goods. The norms for the admission of products for cards were high, and there was a shortage of food on the cob of the blockade of Buv. The lowering of the norms for the type of products was earlier on the 15th of spring. In addition, on the 1st of spring, food sales were blocked (they stopped until the middle of 1944). For the protection of the "black market" the official sales of goods from pro commercial stores for market prices pripinilas.

Zhovtnі inhabitants of the city saw a clear shortage of food on their own, and the fall of the leaves near Leningrad had a right famine. Were marked on the heels of the first fluctuations in the wake of hunger on the streets and robots, the first fluctuations of death in the exile, and the first fluctuations of cannibalism. In the fierce fate of 1942, over 600 cases were sentenced for cannibalism, in birch - over a thousand. It was impossible to stock up on foodstuffs to fill up the boulder: it was impossible to secure the supply of such a great place, and ship navigation on Lake Ladozkoe stumbled like clockwork through the current cold weather. At the same time, the ice on the lake was even weaker, so that cars could pass through it. The mustache of transport communications was interrupted under the steady fire of the enemy.

Ignorant of the norms of the best bread, death due to starvation has not yet become a mass phenomenon, and the main part of the dead so far was laid down by the victims of bombing and artillery shelling.

Winter 1941-1942

Ration of Leningrad

Vykhodyachi z actually formed vitrati, the presence of the main grub goods on the 12th of spring became (the figures are given for the appearance, carried out by the trade union of Lengorvikonkom, the lieutenant to the front and the KBF):

• Bread grain and borosno for 35 decibels
• Groats and pasta for 30 decibels
• M'yaso ta m'yasoprodukti for 33 dobi
• Fat on 45 dB
• Zukor and confectionery mixes for 60 decibels

The norms for the entry of goods for food cards, the supply of goods at the locality are more lipny, through the blockade of the locality were reduced, and the minimum was revealed from 20 leaf fall to 25 December 1941. Rozmir food rations becoming:

• Workers - 250 grams of bread for production,
• Services, matrons and children up to 12 years old - 125 grams each,
• To a special warehouse of militarized protection, fire teams, incriminating pens, vocational schools and schools of the FZN, which were known at the boiler security - 300 grams,
• Viysk first line - 500 grams.

With up to 50% of the bread, they became practically unsustainable houses, as if they were adding to the borough. All other products could no longer be seen: already on the 23rd of spring, the production of beer began, and all stocks of malt, barley, soybeans and whiskers were transferred to bakeries to change the vitrati borosna. On the 24th of spring, 40% of the bread was made up of malt, whites and honeysuckle, and later cellulose (at different hours from 20 to 50%). On December 25, 1941, the norms for the production of bread were introduced - the population of Leningrad began to take 350 rubles of bread from work carts and 200 rubles from services, children and Utrimansky. On the 11th of February, new delivery norms were ordered: 500 grams of bread for workers, 400 for service workers, 300 for children and non-workers. Houses sprang up from the bread of Mayzha. Ale smut - the posting became regular, the products behind the cards began to see in time that may be the same again. On the 16th of a fierce bulge, it was seen before the yakіsne m'yaso - freezing yalovichina and mutton. The food situation in the city has a fracture.

Date of establishment of the norm	Workers of hot shops	Workers and ITP	Services	Utrimantsi	Children up to 12 years old

Baggage alert system. Metronome

During the first month of blockade on the streets of Leningrad, 1,500 Guchnomovites were installed. The radio station carried information for the population about bad weather and alarms. The famous metronome, which is a reminder in the history of the blockade of Leningrad, as a cultural reminder of the support of the population, broadcasting every hour of the day itself through the border. Swedish rhythm meaning I will repeat anxiety, the correct rhythm is vidbіy. Also, the announcer Mihailo Melaned was blinded by a flash.

Deterioration of the situation at the city

At the fall of the leaves of 1941, the camp of the townspeople sharply deteriorated. Mortality from hunger has become massive. Special funeral services today picked up only about a hundred corpses on the streets.

We took care of the unspeakable reports about people who fell from weakness and died - at home on robots, at shops and streets. The sack of the besieged city of Olen Skryabin wrote to the student:

Death is the master of the city. People die and die. Today, when I was passing through the street, a person walked in front of me. Vіn ledve shifting his legs. Obganyayuchi yogo, I casually lost respect on a terrible blue guise. I thought to myself: maybe, I'll die soon. Here one can truly say that the seal of death lay on the person's appearance. For a sprat, I turned around, zupinilas, lashed after him. Vіn sank down on the pedestal, his eyes began to roll, then he sat down to the ground. If I went to the new one, I'm already dead. People weakened due to hunger, so that they do not fear death. Dying like that, why zasinayut. And soochuyuchi napivzhiv people do not give them the same respect. Death has become a spectacle to watch out for on the skin. Before her, they called, there was a new baiduzhіst: even if it’s not today - tomorrow such a share of the check for skin. When you leave the house, you run into the corpses that lie at the door, on the street. The corpses lie down for a long time, because there is no one to clean them up.

D. V. Pavlov, encouragement of the DKO from the food supply of Leningrad and the Leningrad Front, write:

Regardless of the low temperatures near the city, part of the water supply line worked, so dozens of water-collecting columns were fired, and from some of the baggies of the most important buds they could take water. Most of the employees of "Vodokanal" were transferred to the barracks camp, and the residents also had to take water from low pipes and flasks.

The number of victims of starvation grew rapidly - today at Leningrad over 4,000 people died, which a hundred times outweighed the signs of mortality in peacetime. There were days when 6-7 thousand people died. Only 52,881 people died at the breast, and 199,187 deaths for the last month. The human mortality rate outweighed the woman’s life – on the skin, 100 deaths fell on average 63 people and 37 women. Until the end of the war, women formed the main part of the Russian population.

Infusion of cold

Cold has become another important factor in the increase in mortality. In recent winters, the city's reserves of fire have practically run out: the generation of electricity has become less than 15% of the pre-war level. The centralized scorching of the houses was pinned down, they froze, or the water supply and sewerage were turned on. The robot was practically installed at all factories and factories (defense Crimea). often come to work space the townspeople could not win over their work through the supply of water, heat and energy.

The winter of 1941-1942 turned out to be significantly cold and treacherous. The average temperature steadily dropped below 0 °C already on August 11, and became positive after April 7, 1942 - the climatic winter lasted 178 days, which is half the fate. During the whole period, there were 14 days from the average production t > 0 °С, most importantly in Zhovtnі. On May 1942, the weather was predicted for 4 days from the negative average temperature, on May 7 the maximum temperature per day rose to +0.9 °С. The winter was also rich in snow: the height of the snow cover until the end of winter was over a meter. Behind the maximum height of the snow cover (53 cm), April 1942 is the record holder for the warning period, up to and including 2010.

• The mean monthly temperature in Zhovtni Bula is +1.4 °С (the average value for the period 1743-2010 will become +4.9 °С), which is 3.5 °С lower than the norm. In the middle of the month, frost fell to -6 °С. Until the end of the month, the snow cover has risen.
• The average leaf fall temperature in 1941 was -4.2 °С (the average bagatoric temperature was -0.8 °С), the temperature exceeded +1.6 to -13.8 °С.
• In infants, the average temperature dropped to -12.5 ° C (with an average bagatoric temperature of -5.6 ° C). The temperature fluctuated from +1.6 to -25.3 °C.
• The first month of 1942 was the fate of the coldest month of winter. The average temperature for the month was -18.7 ° С (average t for the period 1743-2010 - -8.3 ° С). The frost is -32.1 °С, the maximum temperature is +0.7 °С. The average depth in the snow reached 41 cm (the average depth for 1890-1941 was 23 cm).
• Lutnev average temperature was -12.4 °C (average bagatoric - -7.9 °C), temperature overshoot -0.6 to -25.2 °C.
• Berezen is three times warmer than cold - average t = -11.6 °С (with average bagatoric t = -4 °С). The temperature changed from +3.6 to -29.1 ° С in the middle of the month. Berezen 1942 became the coldest in the entire history of meteorological warnings for 2010.
• The average monthly temperature was close to the average (+2.8 °С) and became +1.8 °С, at the same hour the minimum temperature became -14.4 °С.

In the book "Spogadi" by Dmitry Sergiyovich Likhachov, it is said about the fates of the blockade:

Searing and transport system

Special mini-pichki and potbelly stoves became the main scorch for large apartments. The stench burned everything that could burn, the furniture of the books. Wooden houses cut for firewood. Vidobutok paliva became the most important part of the pobutu of Leningraders. Through the marriage of electric power and the massive disruption of the contact network, clinging to the ruh of the city's electric transport, we are ahead of the tram. This rise has become an important factor that has taken the increase in mortality.

According to D.S. Likhachov,

"The candle burned from two ends"- qі words vividly characterized the camp of the city bag, which is alive in the minds of starvation rations and great physical and mental vanity. Most of the time, they died not all at once, but one at a time, step by step. For the time being, just walk around, bring groceries for cards. The streets were covered with snow, which, having not climbed all winter, made it even more difficult for them to slip over them.

Organization of hospitals and remote places for eating

According to the decisions of the bureau of the city committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and Lengorvikonkom, additional liquor was organized for the improvement of standards at special hospitals, created at factories and factories, as well as at 105 city distances. Stationaries functioned from 1 September to 1 January 1942. she served 60 thousand. osib. Third quarter of April 1942 for the decisions of the Lengorvikonkom, the distance of the eaten food was expanded. On the territory of factories, factories and installations, 89. 64 were organized by enterprises. Eating tsikh їfar oscillated for specially approved norms. From April 25 to April 1, 1942 they scurried 234 yew. osіb, of which 69% are workers, 18.5% are service workers and 12.5% ​​are utrimants.

U sichni 1942 p. at the hotel "Astoria" having opened a hospital for seniors and creative workers. At the far Budinki vchenih winter months ate for 200 to 300 people. December 26, 1941 The Leningrad City Council gave orders to the Gastronom office to organize, with home delivery, one-time sales at state prices without food cards to academicians and corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Socialist Republic: olives - 0.5 kg, wheat boar - 3 kg, - 2 boxes, zucru 0.5 kg, eggs - 3 tens, chocolate - 0.3 kg, oven - 0.5 kg, that grape wine - 2 puffs.

For the decisions of the Moscow City Council from September 1942. the city has new baby houses. For 5 months, 85 children's houses were organized near Leningrad, and they received 30 thousand. children who were left without fathers. The command of the Leningrad Front, and the city’s care, took care to provide the children’s houses with the necessary meals. Decree of Viyskovoy for the sake of the front on February 7, 1942. the following monthly norms for the supply of baby buds per child were hardened: meat - 1.5 kg, fat - 1 kg, eggs - 15 pieces, zukor - 1.5 kg, tea - 10 g, kava - 30 g, cereals and pasta - 2.2 kg, wheat bread - 9 kg, wheat boar - 0.5 kg, dried fruits - 0.2 kg, potato boar - 0.15 kg.

At VNZ, their own hospitals are opened, girls and other practitioners of VNZ for a period of 7-14 days could eat and eat stronger food, as it turned out from 20 g of kawi, 60 g of fat, 40 g of zucru or confectionery varieties, 100.0 g of meat cereals, 0.5 eggs, 350 g of bread, 50 g of wine for dobu, moreover, the products were seen with the verification of coupons from food cards.

Also, the additional supply of ceramics in the city of that region was organized. At that time, the workers of the party practitioners saved the following facts: at the distant Smolny, there were available products: fruits, vegetables, caviar, buns, pastry. Milk and eggs were delivered from the subsistence state near the Vsevolozhsk region. At the special booth, the order to the servants of the representatives of the nomenklatura was high-class eating and rozvagi.

Mykola Rybkovsky, an instructor in charge of personnel in the Moscow VKP(b), was assigned to the party sanatorium, after describing his behavior to the student:

"The axis is already three days in the Statzіonari mission party. On my seven is a wake -up of Budinka, VINA is VIN in one of the Pavilioniv Lyni Budinka Vidniye Activist Leningradsky in the Mlynovo Staynot. .. Out of the cold, trochs of exhaustion, falling into a booth, with warm quiet rooms, blissfully swinging legs ... Today meat - lamb, tavern, chicken, gander, turkey, cowbass; ribne - lyashch, Baltic herring, smelt, and greased, and boiled, and aspic. Caviar, balik, sir, pies, cocoa, kava, tea, 300 grams of white and black bread for a day ... and up to 50 grams of grape wine, garnet port until lunch that evening. You eat food ahead of the day on your own taste. Comrades tell us that the district hospitals do not give in to the city committee hospital, but at certain enterprises there are such hospitals, before which our hospital is pale.

Ribkovsky wrote: “What is more beautiful? Mo, p'mo, walk, sleep, or just baidikuemo, listening to the gramophone, exchanging jars, adding a "tragus" in domino or in a card ... In a word, it's clear! ... I paid only 50 rubles for the tickets »

When Rybkovsky is strong, scho "such a reprieve, for the minds of the front, the blockade of the place, it is less possible for the Bolsheviks, less for the Radyansk power."

At the first pіvrichchі 1942. hospitals, and then tables of hard-boiled eating, played a great role in the fight against hunger, inspiring forces and a healthy significant number of ailments, which brought thousands of Leningraders to death. About tse svіdchat nіdgukі іdgukі vіdguki vіdguki vіdguki vіdguki vіdguki і danny polykіlіnіk.

Another pivrichchi born in 1942 for relief from hunger, hospitalizations were hospitalized: Zhovtni-12,699; As of September 1, 1943, 270 thousand rubles. lenіngradtsі v otrimuvali pіvshchene pіvnjano іz zagalnoyuznimi norms vodsobezpechennya, shche 153 yew. osіb vіdvіduvali їdistant z three meals a day, scho it became possible to start a successful, nizh 1941 navigation rotation 1942 year.

Vikoristanya kharchovykh substitutes

A great role in the problem of food supply was played by the selection of grub substitutes, re-profiling on their varieties of old enterprises and the creation of new ones. The secretary of the city committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Y.F. Kapustin, on behalf of A.A. For the first time in the Soviet Socialist Republic, the bakery industry was vikoristanu kharchov cellulose, viroblen on 6 enterprises, which made it possible to increase the amount of bread by 2,230 tons. As an additive in the preparation of meat products, boules vikoristan soybean, intestines, technical albumin, which is taken from egg white, plasma creatures, milk sirovatka. As a result, 1360 tons of meat products were processed, including 380 tons of distant cowbass, 730 tons of cold meat, 170 tons of albumin cowbass, and 80 tons of white-blood bread. bavovnya makuhi, gave additional products 2 617 tons, including: soy milk 1 360 tons, soy milk products (sour, syrup, syrniki etc.) - 942 tons. Kalyuzhny boulevard has developed the technology of cultivating food dredges in the village. The technology of preparing vitamin H as an infusion of needles' paws was widely promoted. Just before the chest, over 2 million doses of this vitamin were prepared. At the hromada tavern, jelly was widely brewed, as if they were preparing from rose milk, juices, glycerin and gelatin. For the production of jelly, they also vicorated the leaves of the pomelo and the crown of the crane. Kharchov's industry produced glucose, oxalic acid, carotene, tannin.

Try the break of the blockade. "Road of Life"

I'll try and break through. Bridgehead "Nevsky Piatachok"

In the autumn of 1941, after the blockade was established, the Radiansk troops carried out two operations to restore the land link between Leningrad and the region. The offensive was carried out in the area of ​​the so-called "Sinyavinsko-Shlіsselburzsky ledge", the width of this vzdovzh pivdenny shore of Lake Ladozkoe was only 12 km. The protégés of the German military could create an intensified fortification. The Radianian army knew great losses, but did not dare to push forward. Soldiers, like breaking through the ring of the blockade from the side of Leningrad, were thrown out.

The main battles were fought on the so-called "Nevsky Piatachka" - a narrow muddy land of over 500-800 meters and a fence close to 2.5-3.0 km (behind I. G. Svyatov's directions) on the left birch of the Nevi, which is drenched in waves Leningrad front. . The whole patch was pierced by the enemy, and the radyansky warriors, as if they were constantly trying to expand the bridgehead, were aware of heavy losses. It’s impossible to get a snatch at any given time - otherwise it would have been possible to force Nevuzanov’s new water, and the task of breaking the blockade would be richly aggravated. Usyi for 1941-1943, about 50,000 Russian soldiers perished on the Nevsky Piatachka.

On the cob of 1942, the Radyansk command, suffocated by success in the Tikhvin offensive operation and clearly underestimating the enemy, opposed the efforts of the forces of the Volkhov Front for the encouragement of the Leningrad Front to try the full attack of Leningrad in the blockade of the enemy. Prote, Lyuban's operation, which was a small strategic task, developed with great difficulties, and ended with an important blow to the Red Army. Torishny sickle - spring 1942 to the fate of the Radian Viysk, they made one more attempt to break through the blockade. Although the Sinyavinsky operation did not reach the delivered mark, the soldiers of the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts fared away from the plan of the German command from the sacking of Leningrad under the code name “Pivnichne syaivo” (new. Nordlicht).

Later, during the years of 1941-1942, a sprat of samples was broken through the blockade, but the stench appeared not far off. The area between Lake Ladoz and the settlement of Mga, in which there was a total distance of 12-16 kilometers between the lines of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts (the so-called “Sinyavinsko-schlіsselburzsky ledge”), continued to mitzvot the parts of the 18th Wehrmacht.

"Road of Life"

Main article:road of life

"Road of Life" - naming the ice road through Ladoga in the winters of 1941-42 and 1942-43, after reaching the comrade's ice, which allows transportation of the vantages, be it any vaga. The road of life was actually the only way to get Leningrad from the Great Land.

In spring 1942, less than 16 years old, I just graduated from the school of chauffeurs, and I worked my way up to Leningrad to work on the “one-and-a-half”. Yakraz my first flight lay across Ladoga. The cars were lamming one by one, and the food for the place was vantage in the car not just “to the eyeballs”, but more richly. It seemed that the machine axis-axis would fall apart! I went right along the path, and I only just came across a crackle of ice, as if my second one stumbled under the water. I was lied to. I don’t remember how, but I sank down on the ice about fifty meters away from that oolonka where the car fell through. I started freezing cold. They took me back in a passing car. Somebody threw a greatcoat over me, which looked like it, but it didn’t help. The clothes on me became frozen and ceased to feel the tips of the fingers. As I walked along, two more cars and people drowned, as if trying to vryatuvat vantage. Near the area of ​​the blockade, I had six months. The most terrible thing is that I bachila tse, if at the hour of the ice drift the corpses of people and horses were merged. The water was black and red.

Spring-summer 1942

First break through the blockade of Leningrad

March 29, 1942 arrived in Leningrad from Pskov Novgorod regions partisan convoy with food for the meshkants of the city. Podіya small propagandistic value and demonstrated the inability of the enemy to control the tyle of his own troops, and the possibility of deblocking the place by the regular Red Army, which meant that the partisans were able to fight in the distance.

Organization of subsistence states

On June 19, 1942, the Vicon Committee of the Lensovet praised the regulation “On special living towns of working people that yogo union”, which conveyed the development of a special living city township like at the very city, and before the city. Crimea was in the power of individual township, it was created and subsidiaries of the state in the enterprises. For whom, free plots of land were cleared, which adjoined to enterprises, and to the workers of enterprises behind the lists, as they were hardened by the stoneworkers of enterprises, plots of 2-3 acres were given for special cities. The households of the state were protected by the personnel of the enterprises. The rulers of the towns were given help at the pribannі planting that її sparing vikoristan. So, when growing potatoes, only small parts of the fruit with a sprouted “point” were harvested.

In addition, the Lengorvikonkom goitre took steps to provide residents with the necessary equipment, as well as to let in additional help the strong state(“Agro-rules for individual vegetable crops”, articles from Leningradsky Pravda and Others).

In the whole spring of 1942, 633 subsistences of the state and 1468 municipalities were created, the gross gross collection of municipalities, individual city and municipal governments of slavs 77 thousand. tons.

Rapid street deaths

In the spring of 1942, at the dawn of the warm weather and the improvement of eating, the number of rapt deaths on the streets of the city was significantly speeding up. So, if a fierce man on the streets of the city had about 7,000 dead bodies, then about 600 dead ones, and a grassy one - 50 dead bodies. At the birch tree of 1942, all the practical work of the population went to clean up the place from the grave. In 1942, the polluted minds of the life of the populace were driven away from the city-grass in 1942: the restoration of the communal state began. The work of rich enterprises was reminiscent.

Revival of the movement of the city's public transport

On December 8, 1941, Lenenergo stopped the supply of electricity and caused frequent extinguishing of traction substations. The next day, for the decisions of the city of Moscow, it was slated for all tram routes. For a year, the wagons were collapsing along the streets of Leningrad, residually bulging on September 3, 1942, after the supply of electricity was finally stabbed. 52 pulls so froze on the snowy streets. Covered with snow, the trolleybuses stood on the streets all winter long. Over 60 cars were broken, burned, or they knew serious damage. In the spring of 1942, the city of vlad ordered to clean up the cars from the highways. The trolleybuses could not go on their own, so they had to organize towing. 8 birch, the spring was given to the spring at the merezha. The restoration of the tram state of the city began, the launch of a vintage tram. On April 15, 1942, power was given to the central substation and a regular passenger tram was launched. In order to renew the road and passenger traffic, it will be necessary to install approximately 150 km of the contact line - about half of all the lines that are in operation at that hour. The launch of the spring trolleybus in 1942, Vlad considered the fate of the city to be unsatisfactory.

Official statistics

Non -Office of the Office statistics: for the content of the norms of the mortal at 3000 Osіb, at the City -Louge of 1942, the Rock in the MISTI DELIDED AND 130,000 OSIB, 100,000 OSIB, 50,000 osіb, have 0 osіbn, 7,000 osіb - 7000 osіb . A radical decrease in mortality was achieved through those who had already died the weakest: people of a frail age, children, ailments. Now, the main victims of the war among the civilian population were the lives of those who died not from starvation, but from bombing attacks and artillery shelling. Well, for sure, with the rest of the debts, about 780,000 Leningraders perished during the first naive river of the blockade.

1942-1943 rocky

1942 rec. Activization of shelling. Counter-battery fight

At the same time, the German command in the course of the operation "Aisshtoss" unsuccessfully tried the ships of the Baltic Fleet that were stationed on the Neva.

Until the summer, the Nazi Nazi Germany's military spirit was virulent to activate combat operations on the Leningrad Front, and we were able to strengthen artillery shelling that bombardment of the place.

New artillery batteries were fired near Leningrad. Boules, zokrema, roared nadvazhki znaryaddy on zaliznichnyh platforms. The stinks were hit by shells at 13, 22 and 28 km. Vaga shells reached 800-900 kg. The Germans made a scheme of the place and named a few thousand of the most important targets, which were shelled today.

The very same Leningrad is transforming into a tight fortified area. 110 great defense nodes were created, thousands of kilometers of trenches were owned, and other engineering disputes were improved. This created the possibility of secretly regrouping troops, bringing soldiers from the front line, and pulling up reserves. As a result, the number of troops of our troops in the Ulamk shells and the sniper snipers was sharply shortened. It was improved the exploration and masking of positions. A counter-battery is being organized to fight against the enemy's flank artillery. Through the war, the intensity of the shelling of Leningrad by the prophet artillery significantly decreased. For this reason, the naval artillery of the Baltic Fleet was victorious. The position of the important artillery of the Leningrad front was hung forward, part of it was thrown across the Finnish inlet to the Oranienbaum bridgehead, which allowed the range of the shooter to be increased, moreover, the enemy’s artillery groups were on the flank. Zavdyaki tsim visits, 1943 the number of artillery shells, which fell on the spot, changed by about 7 times.

1943 rec. Breaking the blockade

September 12, after artillery preparation, which began about the 9th year 30 hvilin and trival 2 years 10 hvilin, about the 11th anniversary of the 67th Army of the Leningrad Front and the 2nd Shock Army of the Volkhov Front went on the offensive and before the end of the day three days passed by each other immediately. Regardless of the enemy’s opposition, for example, on September 13, between the armies, it ran up to 5-6 kilometers, and on September 14 - up to two kilometers. The command of the enemy, pragnuchi for any price to destroy the Roboch villages No. 1 and 5 and the strongholds on the flanks of the breakthrough, hastily transferred their reserves, and also part of them were raised from the other tracts to the front. The grouping of the enemy, which is located on the pivnich from the villages, the sprat once unsuccessfully tried to break through the neck on the pivden to their own forces.

On September 18, the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts marched in the area of ​​the Roboch settlements No. 1 and 5. On the same day, Shlisselburg was called and the enemy was cleared of all the shores of Ladosky Lake. Breaking through the coastline, a corridor 8-11 km wide, having established a land link between Leningrad and the country. For seventeen days, the shore was laid car and bay (so called "Road of Victory") roads. Nadal 67th and 2nd shock armies tried to continue the offensive at the pivdenny directly, but to no avail. The enemy without interruption threw fresh forces to the Sinyavino area: from 19 to 30 September, five divisions and a large number of artillery were brought up. In order to turn off the possibility of the enemy's re-entry to Lake Ladoz, the 67th and 2nd shock armies went over to the defensive. At the time of the blockade, the city was left with about 800,000 civilians. Bagato who z tsikh people stretched 1943 to the rock of evacuations in til.

Kharchov's plants began step by step to switch to peacetime products. Apparently, for example, already in 1943 at the Confectionery factory named after M.K.

After breaking through the blockade near the area of ​​Shlisselburg, the enemy, at the same time less, seriously zmіtsnyuvav lines on the front steps to the city. The depth of the German lines of defense in the area of ​​the Oranianbaum bridgehead reached 20 km.

1944 rec. Outside the sound of Leningrad in the face of the blockade

On September 14, the Leningrad, Volkhov and 2nd Baltic Fronts launched the Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation. Even before September 20, the Radian military achieved significant successes: the troops of the Leningrad Front defeated the Krasnoselsko-Ropshinsky grouping of the enemy, and parts of the Volkhov Front defeated Novgorod. On September 21st, L.A. Govorov and A.A. Zhdanov were allowed to return to I. V. Stalin:

I. V. Stalin was pleased with the prohannya of the command of the Leningrad Front and on September 27 in Leningrad, fireworks were held in commemoration of the residual wave of the city from the blockade, which was 872 days. The order to overcome the soldiers of the Leningrad Front, in spite of the established order, was signed by L. A. Govorov, and not by Stalin. I didn’t get such a privilege from the commanders of the fronts under the hour of the Great Vitchiznyanoy war.

Blockade bags

Spend the population

For the fates of the blockade, 300 thousand to 1.5 million people perished, for various tributes. Thus, the number of 632 thousand people figured at the Nurember trials. Only 3% of them perished in the bombardment and shelling; Reshta 97% died of starvation.

Most of those who died near the blockade of the inhabitants of Leningrad were buried at the Piskariv Memorial Tsvintar located near the Kalinin District. The square of the tsvintarya becomes 26 hectares, the dozhina wall is 150 m high and 4.5 m high. On the stone hangings are rows of the blockade of the writer Olga Berggolts, who survived. Victims of the blockade lie at a long row of graves, the number of which is more than 640,000 people, who died of starvation, and over 17,000 people, who became victims of heavy attacks and artillery shelling. A large number of victims among the civilian population near the city for the entire hour of the war moved 1.2 million people.

Likewise, the bodies of dead Leningraders were creamed in the ovens of the coal plant, which was located on the territory of the Peremoga Moscow Park. On the territory of the park, a chapel was erected and a monument "The Carriage" was erected - one of the most terrible monuments of St. Petersburg. On such trolleys they transported gunpowder to the nearest quarry after sleeping in the furnaces of the plant.

Serafimivsky tsvintar was also the mass consecration of Leningraders, they perished and died at the hour of the blockade of Leningrad. In 1941-1944, over 100 thousand people were buried here.

They were practically buried in all the tsvintars of the city (Volkovsky, Chervonenko and others). In an hour the battle for Leningrad perished more people what did England and the USA spend for the whole hour of the war.

The title of the city-hero

By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief on January 1, 1945, the fate of Leningrad at once from Stalingrad, Sevastopol and Odessa was named the city-hero for heroism and masculinity, shown by the inhabitants of the city at the hour of the blockade. On May 8, 1965, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council for the sake of the SRSR, Misto-hero Leningrad was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Zirka medal.

Zbitki cultural monuments

Magnificent quarters were the leaders of historical life and monuments of Leningrad. Vіn a moment became more big, yakbi did not get used even more effective entrances to their masking. The most famous monuments, for example, the monument to Peter I and the monument to Lenin near the Finland Station were protected by pied bears and plywood shields.

But the biggest, wrongful Skoda bula zapodiyana іstorichnymi budіvlyam and monuments, which were known as near the front lines of Leningrad, occupied by the Germans, and in the direct proximity to the front. The employees of the self-employed robots have done their best to protect the significant number of items taken away. However, if there were no evacuations, and green plantings, without any middle ground on the territory of which battles were fought, they suffered severely. Bulo zruynovano and burned Pavlovsky Palace, near the park 70,000 trees were burned. The Amber Room is famous, presented to Peter the Great by the King of Prussia, and was reclaimed by the Germans.

On the ruins of the transformations of the Ninі vіdnovleniy Fedorіvskiy Sovereign Cathedral, in which, in the turn to the place of the wall, a hole blew at full height. So, at the same time, the Great Katherine Palace near Tsarskoye Selo, in which the Germans had built an infirmary.

Invisible to the historical memory of the people, the practically impoverished treasury of the Holy Trinity Primorsky Human Desert appeared, which, being considered one of the most beautiful in Europe, was inspired by the wealth of Petersburgers, whose names conquered the powers.

For a long time (until the 1990s) the palace complex of Oranienbaum was launched.

Social aspects of life during the blockade

Foundation of the Institute of Roslinnitstva

Leningrad has established the All-Union Institute of Roslinnitstva, which has a huge national fund. From the last selection fund of the Leningrad Institute, which had a few tons of unique grain crops, no grain was harvested. 28 specialists of the Institute died of starvation, but saved materials, buildings to help the new military renaissance of the strong state.

Tanya Savicheva

Tanya Savicheva lived near the Leningrad homeland. A war began, a blockade began. In Tanya's eyes, her grandmother, two uncles, mother, brother and sister perished. If the evacuation of children began, the girl was far away to take the “Road of Life” to the “Great Land”. The doctors fought for their lives, but the medical help came to the rescue. Tanya Savicheva died due to the disease.

Great day in a taxed place

At the blockade near the city, three churches were opened: Prince Volodymyrsky Cathedral, Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral and Mikilsky Cathedral. In 1942, the Great Day was early (Birch 22 according to the old style). All day long, April 4, 1942, the city was shelled with interruptions. On the great day of the night from 4 to 5 April, the city recognized a heavy bombardment, in which 132 letaks took their fate.

Easter mornings were held at the temples: under gurkit, shells were opened and glasses were broken.

Metropolitan Aleksiy (Simansky), having spoken to his great messenger, that on April 5, 1942. 700 fates of the day of the Battle of Ice were vibrated, in which Oleksandr Nevsky won the victory over the German army.

"The unsafe side of the street"

Main article:Hulks! During shelling, this bik vulitsa is the most unsafe

Under the hour of the blockade in the Leningrad region, as soon as a fortune-telling shell will fly. Bulo was assigned to the area and the streets, de risik to become the victim of the prophetic artillery, the greatest. There were placed special signs in front of them with such, for example, the text: “Communists! During shelling, this bik vulitsa is the most unsafe. Kіlka pisіv bіdtvoreno vіdvoreno і mіsti on the riddle about the blockade.

Cultural life of besieged Leningrad

In the city, without respect for the blockade, there was a cultural, intellectual life. Vletka 1942 was the fate of the deeds initial mortgage, theaters and cinemas; I've been trying to get some jazz concerts. In the first siege winter, the pratsyuvati of theaters and libraries - zokrem continued, during the last period of the blockade, the Sovereign Public Library and the Library of the Academy of Sciences were opened. Chi did not interrupt his work on the Leningrad radio. On the last day of 1942, the city of the Philharmonic was reopened to rock, and classical music began to be played regularly. On the eve of the first concert on the 9th of September at the Philharmonic, the orchestra of the Leningrad Radio Committee under the patronage of Karl Eliasberg was first victorious to the famous Leningrad Heroic Symphony of Dmitri Shostakovich, the yak became the musical symbol of the blockade. The entire blockade in Leningrad was practiced by duchie churches.

Genocide of the Jews near Pushkin and other places in the Leningrad region

The policy of blaming the Jews, which was carried out by the Nazis, hit and paid off the front of the besieged Leningrad. So it was possible that all the Jewish population of the town of Pushkin was destroyed. One of the penal centers of roztashovuvavsya in Gatchina:

Radyansky military fleet (RKKF) in the defense of Leningrad

The Chervonopraporny Baltic Fleet (KBF; commander - Admiral V. F. Tributs), Ladozka Viysk Flotilla (established on 25 Chervnya 1941, formed on 4 November) P., Zemlyanichenko S. V., Trainin P. A., Bogolepov V. P., Khoroshkhin B. V. - in the red - yellow 1941 year, Cherokov V. S. - from the 13th day of the 1941 year), cadets military-naval schools(Okrema cadet brigade of VMNZ Leningrad, commander Rear Admiral Ramishvili). So, at different stages of the battle for Leningrad, Chudsk and Ilmensky military flotillas were created.

On the very cob of the war, the bula was created Marine defense of Leningrad and the lake district (MOLіOR). On September 30, 1941, the Viysk Rada of the Viysk of Pivnichno-Zakhidny directly marked the fate of:

On July 1, 1941, MOLіOR bula was re-formed at the Leningrad military-sea base (Admiral Yu. A. Panteliev).

The divisions of the fleet appeared brown in the course of the march in 1941, defending and trying to break through the Blockade in 1941-1943, breaking through that blockade in 1943-1944.

Operations to support the land forces

Directions to the fleet, which were of little importance at all stages of the Battle of Leningrad:

marine infantry

In the battles on land, they took the fate of personnel brigades (1,2-a brigades) of naval infantry and infantry of sailors (3,4,5,6-a brigades molded the Headquarters, Head Base, Crew) from ships that were laid up at Kronstadt and Leningrad. At a number of vipadkіv klyuchovі dilyanki - especially on uzberezhzhі - were heroically defended by unprepared and innumerable naval garrisons (defense of the Gorishok fortress). Parts of the naval infantry and infantry units, formed from sailors, showed themselves under the hour of breaking through that blockade. In total, 68,644 people were transferred to the warehouse of the KBF in 1941 to the Chervona Army for military operations on land fronts, in 1942 - 34,575, in 1943 - 6,786, the Crimean part of the Marine Corps, which were included in the warehouse of the fleet or handed over to the military order.

Ship and coastal artillery

Ship and coastal artillery (345 garmats with a caliber of 100-406 mm, more than 400 garmats were introduced at times) effectively strangled the enemy’s batteries, took down ground attacks, and supported the current war. The navy artillery delivered a very important artillery support to break through the blockade for an hour, having 11 fortified fortifications, the enemy’s salvage echelon, and also strangling a significant number of yogo batteries and often undermining the tank column. From the spring of 1941 until the present of 1943, the naval artillery fired fire 26,614 times, firing 371,080 shells with a caliber of 100-406 mm, and up to 60% of the shells were fired at the counter-battery boron.

Artillery squad for the fort "Chervona Girka"

Aviation fleet

Successfully diyala bombardment and blame aviation fleet. In addition, in the early 1941 year, part of the air force of the KBF was formed a small air group (126 aircraft), which promptly ordered the front. As a result of the breakthrough of the Blockade, over 30% of the victorious aviation belonged to the fleet. For an hour of defense of the place, over 100 yews were raised. lіtako-villotiv, of which there are close to 40 yew. - for support of land troops.

Operations in the waters of the Baltic Sea and Lake Ladoz

Crimean role of the fleet in battles on land varto signifies uninterrupted activity in the waters of the Baltic Sea and Lake Ladoz, which also contributed to the breakout of battles on the land theater:

"Road of Life"

The fleet has secured the functioning of the "Road of Life" and the water supply with the Ladozka Viysk Flotilla. In the autumn navigation of 1941, 60 thousand tons were delivered to Leningrad. tons of vantage, zokrema 45 yew. tons of food; over 30 thousand people were evacuated from the place; From Osinivtsya, 20 ths. Red Army, Red Navy and commanders. At navigation in 1942 (20 January 1942 - 8 September 1943) 790 yew was delivered to the place. tons of vantazhіv (mayzhe half of the vantazhіv was made up of food), 540 thousand yews were brought from Leningrad. person and 310 ths. tons of vantage. In navigation in 1943, 208 thousand tons were transported to Leningrad. tons of vantage and 93 ths. osib.

Naval mine blockade

From 1942 to 1944, the Baltic Fleet was closed off at the borders of the Neva Guba. The mine field was crossed by military operations, where before the war was announced, the Germans laid 1060 anchor contact mines and 160 bottom non-contact mines, including the number on the peninsular exit from the island of Naissaar, and in a month it became 10 times more (closer)0,10 like vlasnykh, and German. The day of the freshwater chovnіv was also crossed by the passing of the opposite barriers. In addition, as a sprig of chovniv perished among them, their operations were also pinned down. After that, the fleet carried out operations on the sea and lake communications of the enemy, most importantly by the forces of underwater troops, torpedo boats, aviation.

After the total lifting of the blockade, minesweeping became possible, and Finnish minesweepers also took the fate of the mind truce. From September 1944, the course was set for the cleaning of the Great Ship fairway, along with the main exit in the Baltic Sea.

5 Chervnya 1946 Roku Girdriographic Viddil Chervonopoporta Baltiyski Fleet, seeing the navigation navigaps No. 286, in the yakomili about the vidkritte of the swimming time at the Great Ship Floody Batallin - Gelsinnka, Yaki, at that time, at the same time in Buvo, at the same time, at the same time, at the same time. By decree of St. Petersburg since 2005, this day is respected by the official Moscow saint and that vіdomiy yak Day of breaking through the naval blockade of Leningrad . Boyove trawling on the river did not end and lasted until 1957, and all the waters of Estonia became suitable for swimming and fishing in 1963.

Evacuation

The fleet carried out the evacuation of the bases and the isolated groupings of the Radian troops. Zokrema - evacuation from Tallinn to Kronstadt 28-30 September, from Hanko to Kronstadt and Leningrad 26 July - 2 March, from the area Mon.-West. shores of Lake Ladozkoe to Shlіsselburg and Osinovets 15-27 linden, w. Valaam to Osinovtsya 17-20 spring, from Primorsk to Kronstadt 1-2 spring 1941, from the islands of the Bjork archipelago to Kronstadt 1 leaf fall, from the islands of Hogland, Veliky Tyuters and іn. 29 harvest - 6 leaf fall 1941 year. Tse made it possible to save a special warehouse - up to 170 thousand vehicles - and part of the military equipment, to transport the population of the city often, to strengthen the military that defended Leningrad. Due to the unprepared evacuation plan, pardons at the designated routes for the passage of convoys, the lack of cover from the front trawl, in the wake of the enemy’s air force and the death of ships on their own and German fields, the losses were heavy.

Landing operations

Landing operations were carried out, which called the forces of the enemy on the cob of war (a number of them ended tragically, for example, the Petrogofsky landing, the Strilninsky landing) and allowed a successful attack in 1944. In 1941, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet and the Ladozka flotilla had 15 landings, in 1942 - 2, in 1944 - 15. It's dry near Lake Ladozka on August 22, 1942.

Memory

For achievements in the course of the defense of Leningrad and the Great War of the Great War, 66 days, ships and units of the KBF and the Ladozka flotilla were awarded rank awards and powers during the course of the war. At that very hour of irrevocable spending of a special warehouse of the KBF, the hour of the war was 55,890 people, among which the greater part of the period of the defense of Leningrad was important.

On 1-2 September 1969, the Komsomol members of the Komsomol Komsomol Komsomol Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League installed a memorial plaque with the text from the records of the defense commander.

For seamen minesweepers

Spend minesweepers for rock BBB:

• climbed on the mines - 35
• torpedoed by underwater strings.
• type of air bombs - 4
• type of artillery fire - 9

Usyogo - 53 minesweepers. To commemorate the wrecked ships, the sailors of the trawling brigade of the Baltic Fleet prepared a commemorative plaque and installed it at the Minny harbor of Tallinn on the pedestal of the monument. Before the ships sailed from Minna Harbor, in 1994, the dowel was taken and transported to the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral.

May 9, 1990 at the TsPKіV im. S. M. Kirov bula erected a memorial stele, installed at the site of the blockade of the 8th division of boat minesweepers of the Baltic Fleet. Veteran minesweepers are gathering at this city on the 9th of January (from 2006 on the roaring day of the 5th worm) and lowering the wreath of memory from the boat near the waters of the Seredny Nevka.

On March 2, 2006, in the St. Petersburg Military Marine Institute - the Marine Corps of Peter the Great - a tract was erected, consecrated to the 60th river of the sea mine blockade. At the training camp there were cadets, officers, vikladachi of the institute and veterans of combat trawling of 1941-1957 years.

On March 5, 2006, at the Finnish Zatotsi, the meridian of the lighthouse of the Potuzhny Island (Lavensaari), by the order of the commander of the Baltic Fleet, a commemorative mass of "glorious victories and the death of the ships of the Baltic Fleet" was deafened. When the meridian is crossed, Russian military ships are allowed to the Ship Statute to give military honors “to the riddle about the minesweepers in the Baltic Fleet and those crews, which killed the hour of minesweeping of the small fences in 1941-1957”.

At the leaf fall of 2006, near the inner courtyard of the Naval Corps of Peter the Great, a Marmur plaque “GLORY TO THE MINERS OF THE RUSSIAN FLEET” was installed.

On the 5th of March 2008 at the pier on the Middle Nevtsy in the TsPKiv im. S. M. Kirov commemorated a plaque on the stele "To the Minesweepers Sailors".

Memory

Dati

• Spring 8, 1941 – Day of the Blockade on the Cob
• September 18, 1943 - Day of breaking through the Blockade
• September 27, 1944 - Day of the reopening of the Blockade
• June 5, 1946 - Day of breaking through the sea mine blockade of Leningrad

blockade hedges

On the front side of the medal there is an outline of the Admiralty and a group of soldiers with twines in front. Along the perimeter was written "For the Defense of Leningrad". The hammer and sickle are depicted on the back of the medal. Below them is a text in large type: "For our Radyansk Batkivshchyna." In 1985, the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was awarded close to 1,470,000 honors. Among the rewards for her - 15 thousand children and children.

The foundations for the decisions of the Lenmskvikonkom “On the foundation of the sign “Meshkants of the besieged Leningrad” No. 5 dated September 23, 1989. On the front side there is an image of a pink ring on the aphids of the Head Admiralty, a half-moon, a laurel tree and the inscription "900 days - 900 nights"; on the gate - a hammer and sickle, she wrote "To the Meshkants of the besieged Leningrad". As of 2006, there were 217,000 families living near Russia, who were awarded the badge “Meshkants of the besieged Leningrad”. It should be noted that the memorable sign that the status of a resident of the besieged Leningrad was not taken away from everyone who was born near the blockade, the shards made a decision between the months of the term being transferred to the besieged city, which is necessary for their removal.

Monuments of the defense of Leningrad

• Eternal fire
• Obelisk "Misto-hero of Leningrad" on Povstannia Square
• Monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad on Peremoga Square
• Memorial route "Rzhevsky Corridor"
• Memorial "Cranes"
• Monument "Rozirvane kіltse"
• Monument to the Regulator. On Dorosi life.
• Monument to the children of the siege (dated 8 May 2010 in St. Petersburg, near the public garden on Gotivkoviy Street, building 55; author: Galina Dodonova and Volodymyr Reppo. ).
• Stele. Heroic defense of the Oranianbaum bridgehead (1961; 32nd km of the Peterhof Highway).
• Stele. Heroic defense of the place in the zone of the Peterhof Highway (1944; 16th km of the Peterhof Highway, Sosnova Polyana).
• Sculpture "Sorrowful Mother". In memory of the voters of Chervone Selo (1980; Chervone Selo, 81 Lenin Ave., square).
• Monument-harmata 76-mm (1960s; Chervone Selo, Lenina avenue, building 112, park).
• Piloni. Heroic defense of the place in the zone of the Kiev Highway (1944; 21st km, Kiev Highway).
• Monument. To the Heroes of the 76th and 77th Blame Battalions (1969; Pushkin, Oleksandrivsky Park).
• Obelisk. Heroic defense of the place in the zone of the Moscow Highway (1957 rec).

Kirovsky district

• Monument to Marshal Govorov (Stachok Square).
• Bas-relief in honor of the dead Kirivtsiv - residents of besieged Leningrad (Marshala Govorov St., 29).
• The front line of the defense of Leningrad (pr. Narodnogo Opolchennya - the building of the railway station Ligovo).
• Vіyskove burial "Chervone hoard" (pr. Stachek, 100).
• Viyskove pohovannya "Pivdenne" (Krasnoputilivska vul., 44).
• Viyskove pohovannya "Dachna" (pr. Narodnogo Opolchennya, d. 143-145).
• Memorial "Blockadny Tram" (Kut pr. Stachok and Avtomobilnoy vul. in order with a bunker and a KV-85 tank).
• Monument "We will die to the gunboats" (Kanonersky island, 19).
• Monument to the Heroes - sailors-Baltic (Mezhoviy Canal, building 5).
• Obelisk to the defenders of Leningrad (kut pr. Stachok and pr. Marshal Zhukov).
• Write: Hulks! During shelling, the side of the street is the most safe on the booth No. 6, building 2 along Kalinina street.

Blockade Museum

• The Sovereign Memorial Museum of the Defense of the Siege of Leningrad - buv, in fact, repressions in 1952 for the first time of the Leningrad siege. Reinvented in 1989 roci.

For defenders of Leningrad

• Green belt of Slavi
• Cross-monument zv'yazkіvtsu Mykoli Tuzhik

Residents of the taxed place

• Hulks! During shelling, this bik vulitsa is the most unsafe
• Monument to the loudspeaker on the rose of Nevsky and Malaya Sadovaya.
• Follow the German artillery shells
• Church on a riddle about the days of blockade
• Memorial plaque at booth 6 on Neskorenikh Ave.
• The Museum of Electric Transport of St. Petersburg has a large collection of blockaded passenger and vintage trams. Narazі collection perebuvaє under the threat of speed.
• Blockade of the substation at the Fontanci. A memorial plaque was stashed at the wake The feat of the tramway workers of the besieged Leningrad. After the harsh winter of 1941-1942, this traction substation gave energy to the extent that it ensured the operation of the revitalized tram.“. Bud_vlya get ready to ascend.

come in

• At the beginning of 2009, in St. Petersburg, the action "Strichko Leningrad Peremogi" was held, dedicated to the 65th rock of the residual lifting of the blockade of Leningrad.
• On September 27, 2009, an action “Candle of Memory” was held in St. Petersburg to commemorate the 65th anniversary of the total lifting of the Siege of Leningrad. At 19:00, the city dwellers had to wake up at their apartment and light a candle at the window for a riddle about all the inhabitants and defenders of besieged Leningrad. Miska services ignited the pitch on the Rostral columns of the arrows of Vasilevsky Island, which looked like giant candles in the distance. In addition, at 19:00, all FM radio stations in St. Petersburg broadcast a metronome signal, and 60 metronome strikes sounded on the MNS notification system and radio broadcasting system.
• Tram commemorative flights are carried out regularly on April 15 (in honor of the launch of the passenger tram on April 15, 1942), as well as on other dates due to the blockade. The last time the siege of the tram was celebrated on 8 March 2011 in honor of the launch of the vintage tram in the taxed area.

"Sichnevy grim" , Krasnosilsko-Ropshinsky operation , or Operation " Neva-2" (September 14-30, 1944) - offensive operation of the military Leningrad front as part of the strategic Leningrad-Novgorod operation against the 18th German army, like a trimal in the field of Leningrad.

In the result of the operation, the surgical front was Zedenkh of the Peterhofsko -Strilninka of the enemy’s ugly, the Vorog was wound on Vidstan 60 - 100 km of the village of Mista, Zavone Chervone, Ropsha, Krasnogvardiyskin, Slutsk I, at the mutual fraud.

After the victory on the Kursk River, the Headquarters developed an ambitious plan for the 1944 campaign. Vіn rebuffed the attack on the whole smooth front: from the Chorny to the Barents seas. I’ll name 10 Stalin’s blows for the purpose of this plan. The first of them was applied under Leningrad. Nіmtsі checked nastannya there, de richly once attacks were drowned in blood: in the area of ​​MGI, Pulkovo, Kolpіn. Tim, in an hour, Govorov and Meretskov propagandized the Stavtsі operation Neva-2, zgіdno zgіdno zvіdav navdavavdav Oranіyenbaumskogo Piatachka. On July 12, 1943, the rate praised this plan, acknowledging the orienting term on the cob of September 1944.

On the 5th leaf fall of 1943, 211 tanks, 700 garmats and 50,000 soldiers and officers were transported along the Finnish river through Kronstadt from Leningrad to the Oranienbaum bridgehead. The 2nd shock and 42nd armies were responsible to break through the defenses of the Germans on the similar flank of the Oranienbaumsky bridgehead and on the direct approach to Pulkovo, to strike in Ropsha, to clear away the German troops in the area of ​​Chervony Selo.

The head blow of the Neva-2 operation was planned to be carried out by the forces of the 2nd shock army. We will sweat the 42nd army from the Pulkovo heights of the zustrіchny blow. One hour at a straight line Novgorod passed the Volkhov front at the offensive. The operation was prepared for a long time, far away to create a harder shock grouping. Our troops overturned the Nazis in living forces 3 times, for the number of artillery shells 4 times, and for the number of tanks that self-propelled shell 6 times.

The big idea of ​​the offensive operation of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts was plunging at the head of one-hour strikes on the flanks of the 18th German army near the Peterhof-Strelna region (Krasnoselsko-Ropshinsky operation) and near the Novgorod region (Novgorod-Luzka operation). Then it was planned, advancing on the Kingseppian and Luzsky straight lines, to sharpen the main forces of the 18th army and develop an attack on Narva, Pskov and Idritsa. The main method of the future offensive was outside the fortifications of Leningrad from the blockade. In addition, it was planned to expand in the face of the German occupation of the Leningrad region and change their minds for a further successful advance to the Baltic states.

Zgіdno with the residual plan of operation of the army of the Leningrad Front, they went on the offensive with the forces of the 2nd shock army from the Oranієnbaumsky bridgehead and the forces of the 42nd army from the region on the pivdenny approach from Leningrad. Having landed near the area of ​​Chervone Selo - Ropsha, the troops of the 2nd shock and the 42nd armies were to defend the enemy’s Peterhof-strilnensky grouping, and then continue the attack on the pivdenno-zahіdnomu directly on Kingsepp and on the pivdennomu directly on the Krasnogvardіm Meadow.

A few days later, after the beginning of the operation, before the onset, the 67th army was small to join. The military army was given the task of calling Moscow State University, Ulyanovsk, Tosno, and in cooperation with the soldiers of the Volkhov front, I will restore control over the Kirov and Zhovtneva bays. Nadal parts of the 67th army had to develop an attack on Pushkin and Krasnogvardijsk. Instructed by the soldiers of the Leningrad Front, the troops of the Volkhov Front went on the offensive, as if after defeating the Novgorod grouping of the enemy, they quickly developed the offensive of Luga. Having landed near the Luga district of the Leningrad and Volkhoska fronts, they could sharpen the main forces of the 18th German army.

Until the end of September 1944, the fate of the Leningrad Front in cooperation with the troops of the Volkhov Front was given an important blow to the 18th German Army, pushed forward by 70-100 kilometers, and formed a row settlements(Including Chervone Selo, Ropsha, Krasnogvardijsk, Pushkin, Slutsk) and changed their minds for a distant attack. Although the Leningrad-Novgorod operation was trival, the main task of the entire strategic offensive was vikonano - Leningrad was full of signs of the blockade.

September 21 L.A. Govorov and A.A. Zhdanov, without doubting the success of the distant advance, turned back to I.V. Let Stalin, in the wake of the call, with the last eruptions of Leningrad in the blockade and in the artillery shelling of the enemy, be allowed to see and publish from the first drive the order to the military front and, in honor of the victory, hold a salute of twenty artillery in Leningrad on the 27th of September.

Regardless of those who had taken control of the Zhovtnevoi bay until September 29, the order of the Viyskovoi for the sake of the Leningrad Front was read on the radio. In the evening, almost all the population of the place went to the streets and watched the triumphantly behind the artillery salute, which was a kind of celebration in honor of the city of history.

Leningrad bov povnistyu zvіlneniya vіd vorozhoy blockade. On September 27, 1944, the fate of the hundreds of cannonades in the city from all the vicons made mistakes, and the deak people craved the snow. Others rushed to them and shouted: Get up, don't fight, fireworks! Tse victory! For the first time in the history of the Great Vitchiznyanoy war, Stalin allowed to hold a salute of victory over Moscow. Until 1944, the fate of the Chervona army, at the cost of great expenditures, gained garrison and combat proof, which the Wehrmacht did not renounce. The soldiers of the German army group Pivnich went to Pskov just like our troops marched in 1941. Ale, the swift advance of our troops was stupefied. Uzdovzh rivers of the Great Wehrmacht prepared a tight line of defense for Panther. Її there were two fates. Ale, the swift advance of our troops was stupefied. Uzdovzh rivers of the Great Wehrmacht prepared a tight line of defense for Panther. Її there were two fates. This border was called by the Germans the gates to the Baltic states, which can be fixed tightly.

Headstrike of Operation Neva-2

Ovoloditi Narva and Pskov until the 15th of the fierce, zgіdno s plans of the command, the radyansky vіysks did not go far. The offensive rose from the sky due to the strength of the artillery preparation. The 2nd shock army attacked directly from Ropsha. The next day, the 42nd Army struck from the Pulkovo heights, and the 30th Guards Corps of General Simonyak advanced near the center. After the operation, Iskra Simonyak took off the general-breakthrough. On the first day of the same day, the corps crashed into the German defense for 5 kilometers. Commander of the 18th Army Lindeman rozumіv, yogo military under the threat of sharpening and now the blessing of Kühler allow you to see aknaishvidshe. Kühler, pokavshi doba, punishing the steps. On the night of September 18, Simonyak's corps stormed the strongest vuzol defending Voronnya Gora. Already, a red ensign was hoisted on the Svitanka over the mountain. On March 20, units of the 2nd shock army and the 42nd army streaked in the Ropsha area. The Peterhof-Strіlninsk grouping of nіmtsіv was reduced.

Know the people of Radyansk, what are the touches of the fearless warriors!
Know, Radyansk people, that you have a shelter for the flow of great heroes,
Quiet, who gave life for the Fatherland without thinking about the good!
Know that Radyansk people feats didiv, batkiv!

On September 18, 1943, as a result of Operation Iskra, the blockade of Leningrad was broken! On September 27, 1944, as a result of the Leningrad-Novgorod operation, Leningrad was left with residual signs of the fascist blockade!

Documentary film "Ladoga" -1943 About the battle for Leningrad:

Documentary film "Ladoga" -1943 Marvel at the battle for Leningrad VKontakte

On the cob of 1943, the camp of Leningrad, honed by the German warriors, was overwhelmed with more folding. The troops of the Leningrad Front and the Baltic Fleet were isolated from the other forces of the Chervonoy Army. Try the de-blockade of Leningrad in 1942 - Lyubansk and Sinyavinsky offensive operations did not bring success. The longest short path between the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts - between the pivden shores of Lake Ladosky and the settlement of Mga (the so-called Shlіsselburzko-Sinyavinsky ledge, 12-16 km), like before, was occupied by parts of the 18th German army.

On the streets and squares of the other capital of the SRSR, shells and bombs continued to burst, people died, life collapsed. The place was under a constant threat of air strikes and artillery shelling. The presence of overland communication with the territory under the control of the Radyansk military caused great difficulties in the sphere of supply of fire, syrovin for factories, did not allow satisfying the needs of the local and hromada population with foodstuffs and basic necessities.

Prote camp of Leningraders Uzimka 1942-1943 rr. all the same, it was three times better, lower in the winter. Electricity was supplied to the site through a cable laid under water, and fire was supplied by a water pipeline. The place was supplied with necessary products and goods on the ice of the lake - Dorozi zhittya. In addition, the Crimea of ​​the motor road right on the ice of Lake Ladoza sporadzhuvali and flood gilka.

Commander of the 136th Striletsky Division, Major General Mykola Pavlovich Simonyak at the observation point. The photo was cropped at one o'clock on the first day of the operation to break through the blockade of Leningrad (Operation "Iskra").

Until the end of 1942, the warehouse of the Leningrad Front under the supervision of Leonid Govorov included: 67th Army - Commander Lieutenant General Mikhailo Dukhanov, 55th Army - Lieutenant General Volodymyr Sviridov, 23rd Army - Major General Oleksandr Cherepanov, 42nd Army I am the army - Lieutenant General Ivan Mykolaiv, the Primorsk Operational Group and the 13th Army - Colonel General of Aviation Stepan Ribalchenko. The main forces of the LF are the 42nd, 55th and 67th armies, which were defended at the borders of Uritsk, Pushkin, Kolpino, Rapids, the right bank of the Nev to Lake Ladozskoye. The 67th army was 30 km away. smuzі vzdovzh of the right bank of the Nevi River through the Rapids to Lake Ladozskoe, looming on the left birch of the river, in the area of ​​Moscow's Dubrovka, a small foothold. The 55th Strile Brigade of the Russian Army defended the automobile road through the ice of Ladozskoye Lake from midday. The 23rd Army defended the pіvnіchі pisces to Leningrad, roztashovuyuchis on the Karelian Isthmus.

The days of the 23rd army were often translated into other, more unsafe directions. The 42nd army was defending the Pulkovo frontier. The Primorsk Operational Group (POG) deployed to the Oranienbaum bridgehead.

Dії LF pіdtrimuvav Chervonopraporniy Baltic Fleet under the crown of Vice Admiral Volodymyr Tributs, who was based at the mouth of the river Nevit and Kronstadt. Vіn crooked the seaside flanks to the front, supporting the land troops with their own aviation and naval artillery fire. In addition, the fleet, having trimmed the low islands near the lower part of the Finnish inlet, has covered the entrances to the place. Leningrad was also supported by the Ladozka military flotilla. The defense of Leningrad was countered by the Leningrad army of the PPO, as it cooperated with aviation and anti-aircraft artillery to the front and fleet. The Viyskovo-automobile road on the ice of the lake and the transshipment bases on its shores were covered in the face of the Luftwaffe strikes from the bordering Ladozsky district of the PPO.

At the Volkhiv Front, under the leadership of General of the Army Kiril Meretsky, at the beginning of 1943 the rock included: 2nd shock army, 4th, 8th, 52nd, 54th, 59th army and 14th defeated army. Ale took an uninterrupted part in the operation: the 2nd shock army - under the command of Lieutenant General Volodymyr Romanovsky, the 54th Army - Lieutenant General Oleksandr Sukhomlin, the 8th Army - Lieutenant General Filipa Starikov, the 14th Army - General Air Force Lieutenant Ivan Zhuravlov. The stench blew for 300 km of smooth water from Lake Ladozkoye to Lake Ilmen. On the right flank, from Lake Ladozkoye to the Kirov Bay, parts of the 2nd shock and 8th armies were deployed.

The German command after the failure of the sample to take the place in 1942 was disturbed by the succession of a safe offensive and to give orders to the military to move to the defense. The Red Army stood against the 18th German army under the command of Georg Liederman, as it entered the warehouse of the Pivnich army group. At the warehouse there were 4 army corps and up to 26 divisions. German military podiumed the 1st damaged fleet Air Force Colonel General Alfred Keller. In addition, on the pivnіchno-zakhіdnih steps to the place on the 23rd radian army there were 4 Finnish divisions in the warehouse of the operational group "Karelian Isthmus".

The tank landing of the RSCA is collapsing into a breakthrough!

A unique film about the blockade of Leningrad. Chronicle of Quiet Rocks:

Chervonoarmytsy move into position and prepare for battle - breaking through the blockade of Leningrad

German defense

The strongest defense was that strong grouping of the military Germans on the most safe straight line - the Shlіsselburzko-Sinyavinsky ledge (the ridge did not exceed 15 km). Here, between the city of Mga and Lake Ladoz, 5 German divisions were stationed - the main forces of the 26th and part of the divisions of the 54th army corps. My warehouse had about 60 ths. osib, 700 garmats and mortars, about 50 tanks and self-propelled guns. The skin settlement was turned into a strong point, preparations for all-round defense, the positions were covered with mine fields, dart fences and fortified with pillboxes. Usy was built on two lines of defense: the front included spores of the 8th DRES, the 1st and 2nd Gorodkiv and the villages of the Shlisselburg township - from the side of Leningrad, Lipka, Robotic villages No. 4, 8, 7, Gontova Lipka - from the side of the Volkhov front , to the other included the working villages No. 1 and No. 5, the stations of Pidgirna, Sinyavino, the working settlement No. 6, the settlement of Mikhailivske. Defensive lines were full of support knots, a small line of trenches, shelters, dugouts, fire strikes. As a result, the whole ledge was fortified in one area.

The situation for the attacking side was illustrated by the deciduous-marshy patches near this region. Before that, there was a large territory of Sinyavino peat-growers, which was cut by deep ditches. The territory was impassable for armored vehicles and important artillery, and the stench was needed for ruining the fortune-telling fortifications. For the support of such a defense, it was necessary to exert an effort to strangle that ruin, the pressure of forces and the forces of the insistent side were great.

On September 2, 1943, with the method of breaking the blockade of Leningrad, the strategic offensive operation "Iskra" began

Girl from the besieged city-People of the legend (SRSR 1985):

Plan and preparation of the operation. Shock grouping of the Radian army

More leaf fall in 1942, the command of the LF presented to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief its propositions on how to prepare a new attack on Leningrad. It was planned to carry out two operations in March 1942 - February 1943. In the course of the "Schlisselburzkoy operation", the forces of the LF at once tried to break through the blockade of the place with the troops of the Volkhov Front and induce the bay of Ladozskoe Lake. In the course of the "Uritsk operation" they were going to break through the land corridor to the Oranienbaum bridgehead. The headquarters confirmed the first part of the operation - breaking through the blockade of Leningrad (directive No. 170696 dated 2 December 1942). The operation was given the code name "Iskra", the troops were in full combat readiness until September 1, 1943.

The report on the plan of operation was placed under the Directive No. 170703 of the Rates of the Supreme High Command on the 8th day of the month. The Viysk LF and the VF took over the task of breaking up the German grouping in the areas of Lipka, Gaytolovo, Moskovska Dubrovka, Shlisselburg and in this manner lifted the entire blockade of Leningrad. Until the end of September 1943, the fate of the Chervona Army was too small to enter the line of the river Miyka - Mikhailovsky - Tortolovo. The directive also spoke about the conduct of the "Mginsky operation" in the fierce destruction of the German grouping in the area of ​​​​MGI and the security of the military air link between Leningrad and the country. Marshal Kliment Voroshilov relied on the coordination of the front lines.

It took a month to prepare the operation. Great respect was attached to the mutual relations between the two fronts. At the same time, the main field and the special place were created for attacking the offensive battles in the woody-marshy area and the assault on the echelon defense of the enemy. The 67th Army launched methods of forcing the Nevi on the ice and building a ferry for tanks and artillery. At the LF, behind Govorov's instruction, artillery groups were formed: long-range, special recognition, counter-mortar and guards mortar squads. Before the beginning of the operation, the intelligence of the intelligence officers could put together a report about the German defense. The breasts have become comfortable, the ice on the Neva is weak, and the swampy mass is easily accessible, so the Headquarters of the commander of the LF postponed the operation on the 12th of September 1943. At the beginning of the day, the DKO sent Georgy Zhukov's envoy to the Volkhiv Front.

For carrying out operations at the warehouse of the LF and the VF of the fronts, a shock group was formed, which was reinforced by armored, artillery and engineering units, including those from the reserve of the Headquarters. On the Volkhov front, the basis of the shock group was the 2nd shock army of Romanovsky. At її warehouse, including the reserve of the army, there were 12 rifle divisions, 4 tank, 1 rifle and 3 lieutenant brigades, a guards tank regiment, a breakthrough, 4 tank battalions: 165 thousand. Cholovik, 2100-2200 garmat and mortars, 22 tanks. Around 400 letaks supported the army three times. The army took the task of breaking through the enemy’s defenses for 12 km from the village of Lipki on the birches of Lake Ladozkoye and to Gaitolovo, to enter the line of Robitnichi settlement No. 1 and No. 5, Sinyavino, and then develop the attack to the front with parts of the LF. In addition, the military 8th army: 2 rifle divisions, a naval infantry brigade, an armored regiment and 2 armored tank battalions, led an additional blow at the straight line of Tortolovo, the settlement of Mikhailivske. The advance of the 2nd shock and 8th armies was supported by about 2885 rounds and mortars.

On the side of the LF, the main role is small to play the 67th army of Dukhanov. At the warehouse there were 7 rifle divisions (one guard), 6 rifle divisions, 3 tank and 2 lieutenant brigades, 2 tank battalions. They supported the advance of the artillery of the army, the front, the Baltic Fleet (88 garmats with a caliber of 130-406 mm) - about 1900 barrels, the 13th Army and naval aviation - about 450 aircraft and about 200 tanks. Parts of the 67th army were small forcing the Neva for 12 km of the distance between the "Nevsky Piglet" and Shlisselburg, setting up the brunt of the zusill at the direct line of Mar'ino, Sinyavino. The Viysk LF having broken through the German defenses on the divisions of Moskovska Dubrovka, Shlisselburg, Mali, joined with the troops of the VF at the borders of the Roboch settlements No. 2, 5 and 6, and then developed an attack on the march and reached the border on the river Miytsi.

Offenses from shock groups amounted to about 300 thousand. osib, about 4900 garmats and mortars, about 600 tanks and over 800 aircraft.

Sappers of the Volkhov Front of the Red Army O.G. Zubakin and Sergeant M.V. Kamensky (right-handed) to shy away from the dart fence near the Sinyavino district. The photo was cropped at one o'clock on the first day of the operation to break through the blockade of Leningrad (Operation "Iskra").

Blockade Leningrad. 7th symphony by Shestakovich:

The spadix of Nastanya. September 12, 1943

On September 12, 1943, the fate of the war on two fronts began to attack at once. Early in the night, aviation started a heavy blow on the positions of the Wehrmacht in the smudges of the river, as well as on airfields, control points, bells and whistles at the guard's body. Tons of metal fell upon the Nimtsiv, ignoring it, I live the strength, ruining the defensive arguing and strangling the fighting spirit. At about 9:30 am, the artillery of the two fronts began artillery preparation: near the attack of the 2nd shock army, they spent 1 year 45 khvilin, and on the distance of the 67th army - 2 years 20 khvilin. For 40 minutes before the cob, the infantry and armored vehicles, a blow to the rear of the artillery, mortar positions, strong points and high points, the attack aircraft in groups of 6-8 aircraft led the attack.

At about 11:50 p.m., under the cover of the "fire shaft" that fire of the 16th Ukrainian division of the first echelon of the 67th army went on the attack. The skin of several divisions - the 45th guards, 268th, 136th, 86th rifle divisions, were reinforced by a large number of artillery and mortar regiments, an anti-tank artillery regiment and one or two engineers. In addition, 147 light tanks and armored cars supported the offensive, a bunch of them could have shattered the ice. The foldability of the operation was especially evident in the fact that the defensive positions of the Wehrmacht went along the shaved, green, left-handed river birch, which was the highest for the right. In the fires of the Nimtsiv boules, they were stashed in tiers, and they covered the steps up to the shore with a rich ball fire. To break through to the other shore, it is necessary to strangle the fiery points of the nimtsiv, especially in the first line. With whom it was possible to take steps, so as not to damage the ice of the white of the left bank.

Storm groups made their way to the other side of the Nevi first. These fighters samovidly made passages in the fences. Behind them, the small river and tank units were forced. After a bitter battle, the defense of the enemy was bullied by Zlaman in the area on the pivnich from the 2nd Mistechka (268-a streletska division that 86th armored tank battalion) that in the Mar'їno area (136th division and 61st tank brigade). Until the end of the day, the Radianian troops broke the opir of the 170th German infantry division between the 2nd Gorodok and Shlisselburg. The 67th Army occupied the bridgehead between the 2nd Gorodok and Shlisselburg, the operation of a crossing for medium and important tanks and important artillery began (completed on 14 September). On the flanks, the situation was important: on the right krill, the 45th Guards Rifle Division in the area of ​​the "Nevsky Piatachka" could only take the first line of German reinforcements; on the left krill, the 86th rifle division could not cross the Neva near Shlisselburg (we transferred it to the bridgehead near the Mar'ino region, in order to hit Shlisselburz from the pivdenny directly).

At the smuz, the 2nd shock attack (went on the offensive about 11:15) and the 8th army (about 11:30) attacked by force. Aviation and artillery could not strangle the enemy's main points of fire, and swamps were important passages. The biggest battles were fired for the points of Lipka, Roboche settlement No. 8 and Gontova Lipka, the strongholds were on the flanks of the forces that were breaking through, and they continued the battle in a completely sharpened way. On the right flank in the center - 128th, 372nd and 256th rifle divisions, could break through the defense of the 227th infantry division and push through 2-3 km until the end of the day. The strongholds of Lipka and Roboch settlement No. 8 did not take a long day. On the left flank, the current success could only reach the 327th rifle division, as it occupied a greater part of the army in the Krugla Gaya. The attacks of the 376th division and the forces of the 8th army did not succeed.

On the first day of the battle, the German command was already introduced into the second operational reserve: the 96th Infantry Division and the 5th Guards Division were sent to the aid of the 170th Division, two regiments of the 61st Infantry Division Huner”) ”) were introduced into the center of the Shlіselsko-Sinyavinsky ledge.

Leningrad at the fight (SRSR, 1942):

Full film Leningrad at the fight (SRSR, 1942) marvel VKontakte in YouTube

Leningrad Front- Commander: lieutenant general (from September 15, 1943 - colonel general) L.A. Govorov

Volkhiv front- Commander: army general K.A. Meretskov.

Fight 13 – 17 September

On March 13, the attack continued. The Radianske command, in order to turn the situation around to its own advantage, began to introduce the advancing armies into another echelon. Prote, nіmtsі spiryuchis on the strong point and rozvinenu system of defense repaired zapyat opіr, battles nabul protracted and scorched character.

At the smuz, the 67th Army will advance on the left flank of the 86th Strile Division and the battalion of armored vehicles, for support from the pivnoch, the 34th Liege Brigade and the 55th Strile Brigade (on the ice of the lake) stormed the steps. Until the evening of the 15th, the Chervonoarmytsy went to the outskirts of the town, the German soldiers in Shlisselburz stumbled into a critical camp, and continued to fight incessantly.

Near the center, the 136th Striletsk Division and the 61st Tank Brigade launched an attack on the straight line of the Robochey Settlement No. 5. To secure the left flank of the division, the 123rd Striletsky Brigade was introduced into the battle, it was the fault of the Bula to attack directly from the Worker Settlement No. 3. Then, for the protection of the right flank, they brought the 123rd Strile Division and the tank brigade into the battle, the stench advanced directly into Roboche village No. 6, Sinyavino. After a few days of fighting, the 123rd Striletsk Brigade occupied the Roboche village No. 3 and went to the outskirts of the villages No. 1 and No. 2. The 136th division made its way to the Roboche village No. 5, but could not take it at once.

On the right wings of the 67th Army, the attacks of the 45th Guards and the 268th Rifle Division, like before, were not small. The UPU and artillery could not eliminate fire points in the 1st, 2nd Mistechki and 8th GRES. In addition, the German troops took away reinforcements - the 96th Infantry Division and the 5th Guards Rifle Division. The Germans navit robbed counterattacks, victorious and the 502nd important tank battalion, on the basis of some important tanks "Tiger I". The Radyansk soldiers, unimpressed by the introduction into the battle army of another echelon - the 13th rifle division, the 102nd and the 142nd rifle brigade, could not change the situation to their own melancholy.

At the smooth of the 2nd shock army, the offensive, as before, developing more, lower at the 67th army. German troops, piling on the support points - Roboch villages No. 7 and No. 8, Lipts, continued to repair the opir. On September 13, regardless of the introduction of the second part of the forces of another echelon, the troops of the 2nd shock army did not achieve serious success on the same line. In the coming days, the command of the army tried to expand the gap on the pivdenniy dilyantsi from the Krugla highway to Gaitolovo, but without any results. The 256th rifle division could reach the greatest success on this direct route, on September 14 it occupied the Roboche settlement No. On the right side, to help 128 divisions, the bula was sent by the 12th brigade, it was the responsibility of the bula to go to the Lipka stronghold on the ice of Lake Ladozkoye.

On September 15th, in the center of the smuga, the 372nd Striletsk Division arrived at Nareshti and could take the Roboch settlements No. 8 and No. 4, and on the 17th they reached the settlement No. 1. led a stubborn battle on the steps to Robochey settlement No. 5. Parts of the 67th army attacked from the approach. The moment of joining the two armies is near.

After the winter battles of 1943 far away to clear the shores of Lake Ladoza from the gate. Mizh Ladoz lake that line to the front hid corridor 8-11 km wide, via yaki draw 17 dB there was a railroad that was laid and a car road.

Once again the blockade was lifted September 27, 1944 in the aftermath of the Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation.

Siege of Leningrad on March 8, 1941 until September 27, 1944 For the whole hour, 107 thousand rubles were thrown to the pivnіchnu capital. air bombs, released close to 150 thousand. shells. For various tributes, for the fates of the blockade, 400 thousand people perished. up to 1 mln. Zokrem, the number 632 yew figured at the Nurember trials. osib. Usogo 3% of them perished in the wake of bombardment and shelling, 97% died of starvation.

Dobova norm of bread of besieged Leningrad.

The light cruiser "Kirov" salutes the honor of lifting the siege of Leningrad!

Leningrad. Salute. Breaking through the blockade of Leningrad (September 27, 1944):