Katerina 2 looks like a bula. Amazing stories from the life of Catherine the Great. Childhood of the future Great Empress

Zmova open! We are dead! - With such a wiguk, Princess Vorontsova-Dashkova evaded to Katerina's bedroom and caught her on the edge. The Empress washed her cuffs in the ballet.
- Sir, what are you doing?!
- Do not wash, I wash. What surprises you? I was prepared for the Russian empresses, and, God forbid, for the squads of such a German prince. To that i prati vchili, i cook.

The future empress of the majestic Russian empire, Katerina Velika, was born not in a luxurious palace, but in a magnificent German booth and gained bourgeois enlightenment: they learned and learned and cook. Її father, Prince Khristiyan-August, was the young brother of the Volodar of the German prince, but through a constant shortage of pennies, he would be hired to serve. I Sophia-Augusta-Frederika-Emilia, as they called Katerina in childhood, not respecting the tsar’s trip, grazing on the city square together with the children of the burghers, taking away the appearance of the mother’s blunder for filthy polished boilers and the druzhin quietly entered the city hut. Mother Katerini, Ioanna-Elisaveta was a woman of power and a wild one. They suggested that the right father of Katerina was not someone else, like Frederick the Great himself. Vіn the same and propoponuvav the candidacy of the young princess Sofіkhen for the retinue of the Russian throne of the decline of Peter, if it’s a little bit before the new one, that the Empress Elizaveta Petrivna will be named for her nephew, who may be deprived of the throne.

So the little German princess drank the Russian imperial palace to the glittering gold from the wandering city streets. Having otrimavshis in baptism of the name Katerina, the future team of the fall to the throne began to take care of the best courtiers and kazkovo achieved success not only in Russian language, but also in the art of flirting. Decreased in the sight of her mother's non-gammon sexual temperament, Katerina let her calm down at the Russian court. Even before the wedding, she flirted so flirtatiously with the courtier Don Juan Andriyem Chernishev, that, in order to get away a little bit, Elizabeth was embarrassed to hang the vicious count over the cordon.

So Katerina bleated sixteen, Elizaveta Petrivna hurried to return to the German princess with Peter, giving her a clear understanding that the only one of obov'yazok is the people of depression. After the wedding, that picnic ball of the young Nareshti was led to the private quarters. Ale threw herself Katerina, like and lay down - unoccupied. Petro was left cold before her, like a lover of nothing, and stretched out rich months later. The reasons for such a staging to the squad are some of them whispering in the infantilism and perplexity of Peter, others - in his tragic mess.
Petro died at the maid of honor Natalya Lopukhin, who was the special enemy of Elizabeth's mother. Lopukhina the elder was beloved by the state lady Anni Ioanіvni and with all her might lived the empress, belittling her hated bride, Tsesarіvna Elizabeth. Saved a historical anecdote. Bali often ruled at Lopukhin's booth. They asked for it and Elizabeth. Once Lopukhina bribed Elizabeth's bed and chanted for them a yellow brocade with sreblem, for which the tsesarivna sewed her own cloth before the ball.

If Elizaveta has gone to the vitals, having pierced the vibe of laughter. Walls, stilts, armchairs and sofas in the room were upholstered with such yellow and silver brocade. The humiliated Tsesarivna rushed to get out of the palace and stayed for a long time at her bedroom.

If Petro, having asked his noble aunt for permission to make friends with her daughter Lopukhina, Elizaveta decided to take revenge. Vaughn called Lopukhin at the state's defense, and the court sued the unfortunate countess to the strata. Elizaveta saved her great mercy in the early morning. Lopukhina-senior was horribly hung with batogs on Trinity Square, her tongue was savaged and sent to Siberia. Following the tragic story of his mother, Tsarevich Petro, with his mind. But Katerina did not hesitate to be like a squad: she knew the discord in the arms of the Swedish envoy of Count Polenberg. Empress Elizaveta flattened her eyes at the heads of the young: їy bov was needed by the scumbag, but Katerina still could not zavogіtnіt.
Tim an hour at the bed of the eighteenth cesarean one leader changed another: Kirilo Rozumovsky, Stanislav Poniatovsky, Zakhar

Chernishov (brother of Andriy sent abroad), Lev Narishkin and Saltikov's brothers, they knew a lot about kohanna. Mother's mother, born Golitsyn, was famous throughout Petersburg for her drunkenness and debauchery in the soldiers' barracks - there were a few people walking around, there were only three hundred soldiers of the middle grenadiers of the empress.

After a few years of friendship, a miracle became - Katerina zavagіtnіla. Sergiy Saltikov blatantly boasted that the father was guilty of the future recession, and he was hanging from St. Petersburg. Later, in Sweden, they let out stingy bits about the dismissal of the Russian Caesar’s and sang that she herself hung on her neck, assigned a poached, and wine, talking, deceiving and not coming, chimed Katerina’s innocent suffering.

Elizaveta Petrivna was so happy about the good news, that she gave the bride a hundred thousand rubles and an unimportant amount of money. The beautiful German princess, who came to Russia with three cloths and a dozen cloaks, began to destroy the penny of the Russian treasury. Silence, as it was born, was called Paul and was immediately taken from a young mother. In the meantime, Katerina didn’t chirp and didn’t like yoga at all. It is not known who is the right father of Pavel - they call Zakhar Chernishov, and Lev Narishkin, those other clergymen. Sered zdogadiv appoint marvelous fact: Pavlo is superficially similar to his official father, Pyotr Fedorovich - what makes history not hot

After the death of Elizaveta, Petro ziyshov ascended the throne and declared that for dissolution of conduct he sent Katerina to the monastery, and he himself makes friends with Elizaveta Vorontsova, his kohanka. But at that hour, for the help of the leaders, Katerina wove a great net around Peter. Chancellor Panin, Prince Baryatinsky, Kohanets Katerina Grigory Orlov and four brothers organized a rally against the emperor. Ale potim htos іz zmovnikіv zlyakavsya і vіrіshiv ahead іmperatora - Petro not nadav yogo sіv meaning, for which he paid not only with the throne, but with his life.
At the court of Catherine II in Russia, the leader became a new settlement, like from the court of Louis XIV, moving in France, and the post-carriers were recognized by people, they served the patrimony and the throne. For their love efforts they took away the stench

palace and chimali financial benefits from the Russian treasury. Ale Katerina was an addicted woman and could not live without a man. Near the palace there was a special room with a majestic bed. When necessary, the secret mechanism was divided into two parts - the favorite was lost on the attached half, and on the other half, the empress, as if she did not cool down in love, took the last one of the ministers.

Katerina is small weakness to majestic, Veletensky growth, to people with sensitive guises. Chancellor Panin and Countess Bruce were representing the potential cochants of the Empress; Panіn bv the postіyny Kokhan Katerini - vіn buv sensible, not vibable, not jealous. Be at the bedroom of the empress no more than once a week, but at the right time at your harem, which is made up of strong concubines - the day of wine cups new girl, and nabridlih rozdarovuvav chi selling to friends. For Katerina, he chose tall soldiers, who were not smart enough, to create their own superniks. Yakos Panin and Countess Bruce recommended the beautiful Potyomkin.
Katerina was favored by those that the lieutenant-general had only one eye (another jealous attack had beaten you Grigory Orlov), but the countess overthrew Katerina

empress. On the night of the night, Katerina promoted Potiomkin to lieutenant general, presented him with a miraculous palace and a million rubles for his obshtuvannya. Axis so for one night the bed-carriers fought for Katerina. But there were few imperial gifts for Potomkin - once at a dinner, after drinking, Katerina made him a member of the Sovereign's sake. Katerina gasped.
- Alemy my friend, it’s impossible!
- Perfectly! Then I go to the monastery. The role of your motherfucker is not for me!
Katerina wept and she wailed at the table. Potyomkin did not come to a place of favorites. Katerina cried the whole night, and vranci Potiomkin was appointed a senator.
Yakos Potiomkin traveled for a few days on the right to Petersburg. Ale, the empress cannot be left alone for a long time. Yakos y

Katerina threw herself into the Tsar's Palace at night in the cold. It was winter, and the firewood burned in the fireplace. Vaughn slept alone - Potemkin bov on the right at Petersburg. Not knowing the servants behind the screen, Katerina walked into the corridor, like the very same ashov with a bundle of firewood on her shoulders. At the sight of young Hercules of majestic growth, who carried firewood like a feather, Katerina's breath was filled with breath.
- Who are you?
- Court opaluvach, your majesty!
- Why didn't I beat you up earlier? Flood the fireplace in my bedroom.
Yunak was captured by such mercy of the empress and rose by the fireplace majestic fire. Ale Katerina lost her displeasure:
- Don't you ever know how you need to greet the empress?
I opaluvach nareshti zrozumov. And having taken off the offensive wound of the wines, the order about the oppression of the low-lying nobility, ten thousand villagers, the order not to turn back to Petersburg and change the nickname to Teplov - to the riddle about those who win the empress.
In her old age, Katerina went to a new dissolution. Healthy people were no longer enough - and she turned her addiction to a young gypsy woman, presented to her by Potemkinim.

At the court, they walked around a little, like the empress was doing with her servants and young village women. At the graduation exam at the Smolny Institute, the Empress lost her respect for the graduate student, as if she appeared to be the daughter of Suvorov.
- Let me have your daughter with my favorite.
Having learned about the usefulness of the empress, Suvorov vіdpovіv:
- Matinko, die for you - I'll die, but you won't see your own Suvorochki!
The angry empress hung the old one at once from her daughter to her mother, having hindered her appearance at court - what was Suvorov.

For the presence of Potomkin, Katerina is a small impersonal cochants: Ambassador Bezborodko and yogo secretaries Zavadovsky and Mamonov, nephew of the midwife Zorich, officers of the guard Korsakov and Khvostiv, Nareshti, provincial young man Oleksandr Lansky.
Twenty-year-old Lansky vipadkovo swayed Potiomkin and introduced the empress. Yunak mav's angelic zovnіshnіst: sovneni confusion majestic black eyes, bіlyavі coachmen, a slight blush on the cheeks and coral lips. Vіn buv bi similar to a girl, yakbi is not a majestic size and broad shoulders.

Respect Katerina vіn having taken on like a mother's turbota, until then vіn bv nadto vіrnіm ії davіrі, schob vіdmоvitі іmеtrіtі. The position of the imperial concubine was torn apart, but in the end he tied himself to Katerina with all his heart. The Empress was also sipped by the reading of the cohanna of an innocent young man, who had not known a woman before her. Her old heart was jealous of Sashka so much that Katerina closed her couch in a few rooms, honing her indescribable passion. The Empress rewarded Lansky with the title of count, majestic lands, tens of thousands of villagers. Ale zakokhanoy young man did not need to repair that wealth - singly, he was the only favorite, who loved the empress like a woman. The First Empress told Potiomkin:

My soul, I'm going to marry Lansky.
- What is the fault of deserving such an honor?
- Vіn nіkoli me not zradzhuvav.
Potomkin lowered his eyes. Sam vin zradzhuvav Katerina practical day with different wives.

A month later, Lansky's zlіg at the bed. And more than one court physician could not make an accurate diagnosis. Katerina knew that її kokhaniy otruєniy for errands Potomkin. Katerina wrote to her friend: “I, reluctantly, may unhappily tell you that General Lansky is gone ... and my room, which I loved so much before, has now turned into an empty oven.” After the death of the kokhan, the empress walked like a shadow. Vaughn abandoned all sovereign powers and did not accept anyone. Everything was so different from her ... Maybe, the kohannya, who didn’t know anything in her youth, caught up with her in old age. One topic, like the Empress greeted Rozmov, a bull about Oleksandr Lansky, one place, like she saw it - his grave. Vaughn spent many years at Lansky's grave in tears and tears. Potomkin bov at the tale. Vin jealous - and to whom, to the sky? In fits of anger, Potomkin is round, like a shulika, among the guards officers. Nareshti vin upin svіy vіbir on Pyotr Yermolov, slaying him as his adjutant and directing him to Katerini. Yogo rozrahunok was true: Yermolov occupied a room of remembrances, emptying the room for a pivroku. Still, Katerina was a woman, and the pull of love overcame her grief about the expense. Having remembered that the ladies-in-waiting should be with Yeromlov, Katerina punished the soldiers of the Visikti aristocrat to the blood in the presence of the other eleven ladies-in-waiting – nizh bulo was occasional bulo. Yermolov was somehow stupid, cheeky and self-destructive, before that he loved grati and often vt_kav in the empress to playful boodins and to poviy. Olexandr Mamonov, Potyomkin's adjutant, occupied the same place without a hitch.

"Princessless Sashko" - that was the name of Mamonov's Empress. Ale Sashko, having become Daedal, often go to hell. There was no such thing as a wicked night, when Katerina, exhausted, turned from sitting for the sake of it. Vaughn checked yoga pivnochi, ale chirped grimly:
- De vie, merciful sir, did you allow the disappearance?
- Matinka-sovereign ... - Yogo tone and viraz denunciation did not feel anything good. - You have always been kind to me, and I have been kind to you. I can no longer bear my bindings for your majesty.
The guise of Katerini has changed:
- Why did you rich, didn’t you let you jittery?
- No, your majesty. Having fallen in love with Russia, I ask your gracious permission to make friends with her. Її im'ya knyazivna Shcherbatova.
What can a woman say, what is old, what has shed too much privatility, if a young kohanets seems to have fallen in love with a woman, a harn and a young one?
- I allow you to make friends. Moreover, I myself am in charge of your happiness.
Lizanka Shcherbatova kissed the hands of the Empress for her kindness. Katerina presented the young with rings with diamonds, three thousand souls of villagers, ten thousand rubles in gold. The young woman was named under the crown, so I cried for the whole hour ... Perhaps, the empress vibacila Count Mamonov's zrada, but the woman who was depicted could not vibachiti. Two days later, the young soldiers escaped to the booth. Mamonov was tied up to an armchair and his mouth was shut up, and the soldiers mocked the young countess, after which they beat her with a batog to complete indulgence. Lizanka was a wonder. Count Mamonov, having taken the ailment of the squad beyond the cordon, so that he would never turn back to Russia.

And in the meantime, at the palace, there was a new and remaining favorite - the twenty-twenty-twenty Platon Zubov. Winning a room of favorites of wines in the fall from his brother, Valerian Zubov, a huge Kohanian the empress is not well. Plato Zubov was zarozumіly, zarozumіly and loving only one word in the world - pennies. Having taken away the unbounded power, knowing the guilt of Tsarevich Pavel, with a whole lot of upheavals, that the throne would not be given to him. Potomkin, having thought about bringing in a new leader, did not succeed - he died. The Empress for a long time and indifferently wept, ruled huge favorite miraculous funeral and erected two monuments to you. In the hour of Katerina's rule, nine million rubles and forty thousand villagers went from the Russian treasury to the swarm of Potomkin.

Katerina herself died not in the imperial way: at the outhouse. Chi tried out that love in her life, to what extent she jumped? It’s unlikely that ... Right kokhannya does not buy for the titles of that palace - that Velika Katerina so I did not understand.

Catherine II.F.Rokotov

Facts about the life and reign of one of the most powerful, glorious and super-gentle monarchs of the Russian Empire, Empress Catherine II

1. During the reign of Catherine the Great from 1762 to 1796, the empire of Volodymyr significantly expanded. Out of 50 provinces 11 was attached to the king's rock. The amount of sovereign income grew from 16 to 68 million rubles. Bulo 144 new places were opened (more than 4 places on the river of the king). In Mayzhe, the army grew larger, the number of ships of the Russian fleet grew from 20 to 67 linear ships, with the vindication of other ships. The army and the fleet gained 78 brilliant victories, which marked the international authority of Russia.

Palatseva embankment

The conquests reached the Black Sea and the Sea of ​​Azov, came to Crimea, Ukraine (the Crimean region of Lvov), Belarus, Skhidna Poland, Kabarda. It started to arrive to Russia Georgia.

At the same time, for an hour, the king was able to save only one punishment - the gang of the peasant rebel Omelyan Pugachov.

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  F.Rokotiv

2. The order of the day of the Empress was distant from the appearance of the inhabitants of the royal life. Її day of writing according to the years, and the order of yogo having been filled with the inevitable stretch of the king's reign. It took less than an hour to sleep: as in old age, Katerina got up on the 5th, then closer to old age - on the 6th, and until the end of life, I would call on the 7th anniversary of the wound. Posnіdavshi, the sovereign received high-posadovtsіv and secretaries of state. Days and years of taking skin planting individual were immutable. The working day has ended about the fourth year, and the time has come for reparation. Years of work and reparation, snidanka, insults and evenings were also fast. About 10:11 pm Katerina ended the day and went to sleep.



3. Today, 90 rubles were spent on the empress’s eating (for the occasion: the soldier’s pay in the era of Katerina’s rule was less than 7 rubles per river). Yalovichina was boiled with a love of grass with salted oysters, and as a drink, currant juice got used. For dessert, they served apples and cherries.



4. After an insult, the empress took up the handicraft, and Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy at the same time read it out loud. Katerina "sewed masterfully on canvas", knitted on knitting needles. Having finished reading, she went to the Hermitage, sharpened brushes, wood, burshtin, engraved, played billiards.

View of the Winter Palace

5. Before modi Katerina bula baiduzha. Vaughn didn’t mind, but for an hour and a whole she completely ignored it. On weekdays, the empress wore a simple cloak and robes of kostovnosti.



D. Levitsky

6. For її vlasnym z_znannyam, won't be small creative mind, prote wrote p'єsi, and navіt corrected deakі z them to "review" Voltaire.



7. Katerina invented a special costume for the six-month-old Tsarevich Oleksandr, the uniform of which the Prussian prince and the Swedish king asked for in her for their children. And for those in love with the ladies, the empress foretold the crest of the Russian cloth, as if they were embarrassed when they were under the wind.



Accession of Catherine II to the throne.F.Fontebasso.1762

8. People, who knew Katerina closely, consider її pribavlivu zvnіshnіshіnі youth, and іn mature rocks, їіklіch ії inviting look, simplicity іn the beast. Baroness Elizabeth Dimsdale, as a former bula, was presented at once with her man at Tsarskoye Selo, for example, sickle 1781. described Katerina like this: "a pretty woman with charming eyes and a reasonable look"

View of the Fontanka

9. Katerina taught what befits a man and she herself was heavenly to the beauty of that masculinity. "I took away nature's great sensitivity and callousness, if I'm not beautiful, then I'll take it. I fit in the first time and didn't win for any art that embellishment."

I. Fayzullin. Katerini's visit to Kazan.

10. The empress was ardent, but she allowed herself to be free, and in no way, in a fit of anger, did not take a decision. Bula was more than enough to inspire from the servants, no one felt a rude word in front of her, she didn’t punish, but asked the vikonaty for her will. As a rule, according to Count Segur, it was "praise loudly, and bark slowly."

Katerina on the balcony of the Winter Palace, guarded by the people on the day of the coup on 28 worms, 1762.



Oath of the Izmailovsky regiment of Catherine II




Katerini's walk along the Peterhof road on the day of the palace coup 28 chernya 1762 r

11. Rules hung on the walls of the ballrooms under Katherine II: it was difficult to get up in front of the empress; They fought in a gloomy mood, imitating one of one. ”And on the shield at the entrance to the Hermitage, there was a beautiful inscription:“ Lord of the local city, do not tolerate the primus.

scepter

12. Thomas Dimsdale, an English doctor called out from London for the introduction of natural wood chips in Russia. Knowing about the support of innovation, Empress Katherine II ruled out special taxes and became one of Dimsdale's first patients. In 1768 p. pinning English to the Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich. The dress of the empress that її son became a banner trophy at the life of the Russian court.



Johann the Elder Lampi

13. The Empress was baked chicken. Cunningly wise Katerina, not bazhayuchi, sob її bіli mittens leaked yellow nicotine infusion, ordered to turn the kіnchik of a leather cigar with an expensive seam.

Coronation of Catherine II

14. The Empress read and wrote in German, French and Russian, but allowed a lot of pardons. Katerina once told one of her secretaries that "she could only read Russian books without a reader," to that "aunt Elizaveta Petrivna said to my chamberlain: it's all right, she's smart enough without that." As a result of this, she robbed chotiri pardons at the word of three letters: deputy "shche" she wrote "zichko".

Portrait of Grand Duchess Katerina Oleksiivna. I. Argunov. 1762

15. A long time ago before her death, Katerina laid an epitaph for her future tombstone: "Katerina Druga is resting here. Vaughn arrived to Russia in 1744 in order to succeed Peter III. in order to reach success.

Inauguration of the Imperial Academy of Arts. Jacobi

Zіyshovshi on the Russian throne, she reported all her efforts to give happiness to her subjects, freedom that materially well-being. Vaughn easily forgave and hated no one. Vaughn was indulgent, she loved life, she dreamed of cheerfulness in marriage, she was a true republican for her persecutions and a small good heart. Vaughn is a little friend. The job was easy for him. Їy befitted secular roses and mysticism".

Departure of the Empress. A.N. Benois

Gallery of portraits of Empress Catherine II the Great



Artist Antoine Pen. Christian August Anhalt-Zerbstsky, father of Catherine II

Batko, Khristiyan August Anhalt-Tserbstsky, having gone from the Zerbst-Dorneburz line of the Anhaltsky house and having been in the service of the Prussian king, he was a regimental commander, commandant, then the governor of the town of Shtettin, de mayday, the empress and z'appeared on the world, balotu ending with a Prussian field marshal



Artist Antoine Pen. Johanna Elizaveta Anhalt Zerbstska, mother of Catherine II

Mati - Johanna Elizabeth, from the Gottorp Volodar, fell in love with the cousin of the future Peter III. Johann Elisabeth's family resembles Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the first Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and the successor of the Oldenburg dynasty.

Grotto Georg-Christoph (Grooth, Groot).1748



Shetty castle



Grotto. PORTRAIT OF GRAND DUKE PETER FEDOROVICH I AND GRAND DUCHESS EKATERINA ALEXIEVNI.1760s.

Pietro Antonio Rotari.1760,1761




V. Eriksen. Book portrait of Catherine the Great



Eriksen, Vigilius.1762

"Handing the sheet of Katherine II", on the plot of the story " captain's daughter", I. O. Miodushevsky

Eriksen. Catherine II at the mirror. 1762

Ivan Argunov.1762

V.Eriksen.1782

Eriksen.Coronation portrait



Eriksen. Catherine II at the mirror. 1779



Eriksen.1780

Lamps Johann-Batis.1794

R. Brompton. 1782

The allegory is dedicated to the trip of Katerini to Krim after his arrival to Russia. 1783

D. Levitsky. 1782

P.D. Levitsky. Portrait of Katerini II .1783

Alexey Antropov

The Empress, as seen by M. Lomonosov. I. Fedorov

Portrait of Empress Katherine II in travel costume. Shibanov Mikhailo. 1780

V.Borovikovsky.Katerina IIon a walk in Tsarskosilsky park.1794

Portrait of Catherine II. A. Roslin

Borovikovsky Volodymyr Lukich.Portrait of Katerini II

Allegory for the victory of Catherine II over the Turks and Tatars.

Favoriti Katerini II

Grigory Potomkin

Mabut, the most important among the favorites, who did not spend his money and after that, as Katerina began to pay respect to others. Respect for the empress of wines, deserving an hour for a palace coup. at the court with a large payment and as a gift at the sight of 400 peasant souls.Grigoriy Potiomkin is one of the poor kohantsiv of Catherine II, who did not only succeed in a special way, but also made a rich brown for the country. Potemkin himself began to actively develop Novorosiya and Crimea. Although yoga diї і often became the cause of the cob of the Russian-Turkish war, the ale won ended with a black-and-white win over the Russian zbro. In 1776, Potomkin ceased to be a favorite, but was left behind by people, to the delight of which Catherine II listened to her death. In addition, in the selection of new leaders.

Grigory Potiomkin and Elizaveta Temkina, daughter of the Holy Prince and Russian Empress

J.de Velli.Portrait of Counts G.G. and A.G.Orlovikh

Grigory Orlov

Grigoriy Orlov ris near Moscow, ale zrazkova service, vіdminnіst vіdminnіst semirіchnіy vіyni shrіd yogo transferred to the capital - St. Petersburg. There vin otrimav glory cub and "Don Giovanni". Tall, stately, garniy - the young squad of the future emperor Katerina Oleksiivna simply could not help but turn on the new respect.His recognition as a treasurer of the Office of the Head Artillery and fortifications allowed Katherine to win the state pennies for organizing a palace coup.Although I didn’t want to be a great sovereign fiend, sometimes I won the delicate travails of the empress herself. So, for one version, at once with his brother Orlov, having spared the life of the legitimate man of Catherine II, the fallen Emperor Peter III.

Stanislav August Poniatowski

Stanislaw August Poniatowski, a Polish aristocrat of an ancient family, with his subtle manners, first met Katerina in 1756. Vіn rich rocіv is alive near London and at the warehouse of the English diplomatic mission he leaned against Petersburg. Poniatowski was an official leader, prote yogo was respected by the empress’s Kohanian, which gave him the upper hand in the court. For the hot support of Katherine II Poniatowski became the king of Poland. Possibly, scho recognized by Peter III is great Knyazivna Hanna Petrivna is really the daughter of Katerina and the Polish beauty. Peter III narrated: “God knows, the stars are my squad of zavagіtnіє; I don’t know for sure what my child is and what I’m guilty of knowing my own”

Petro Zavadovsky

How many times did Kateryna get Zavadovsky, a representative of the famous Cossack family. Count Petro Rumyantsev, the leader of the former empress, Elizaveta Petrivna, brought yoga to the court. A charming person with an accepting character - Catherine II is in some way enthralled in her heart. Before that, she knew the yoga “quieter and more peaceful” Potiomkin.In 1775, he was recognized as cabinet secretary. Zavadovsky took off the rank of major general, 4 thousand peasant souls. Vin navit settled at the palace. A similar approach to the empress stole Potiomkin and after the palace intrigues Zavadovsky's foreshadowing - having gone to his mother. Irrespective of the price, I saved my fidelity and passionately loved the old hour, making friends after only 10 years. In 1780, he called the empress back to St. Petersburg, having embraced high administrative plantations, including becoming the first minister of public education.

Platon Zubov

Platon Zubov made his way to Katerina from the service of the Semenivsky regiment. Koristuvavsya by the intercession of Count Mikoli Saltikov, the tutor of the empress. Zubov, having become the commander of the film guards, yakі vyzhdzhali to Tsarskoye Selo to carry the varti. On the 21st of Chernya, 1789, for the help of the stats of Anna Narishkina, he took the audience of Katerina II and from that hour spent the evening from her. Less than a few days later, smashed by colonels and settled in the palace. After the death of Potiomkin, Zubov played a greater role, but Katerina did not get into a new rose - she died in 1796. In this rank, he became the remaining favorite of the Empress. In the future, I took an active part in the battle against Emperor Paul I, after some murders, and Zubov's friend Oleksandr I became the sovereign. Guglielmi, Gregorio. Apotheosis of the reign of Katerini II .1767

The history of the relationship between the Russian Empress Katherine II and the people of no less than the same sovereignty. The rich leaders of Katerini were like kohantsy, and also great sovereign deacons.

Favoritism and Katerini's childrenII

Development of mutual relations between the rulers of the krai in Europe with the opposite article in the XVII - XVIII centuries created an institution for favoritism. And it is necessary to distinguish leaders and cochants. The ranks could be overcome by the courtiers, but we would not add them to the “tables of ranks”. We will surround that city with satisfaction, it was necessary to wear the singing sovereign obov'yazkiv.

It is important that Katherine II is small 23 kochantsya, far from skin can be called a favorite. The majority of sovereigns in Europe changed the state of their partners much more often. Well, Europeans, they created a legend about the dismissal of the Russian Empress. From the other side of the rich її you can’t call it like that.

It is importantly accepted by the truth that the future Katherine II, who came to Russia at the request of Empress Elizabeth, was seen in 1745 as Grand Duke Peter, an impotent, who did not show off the beauty of a young squad. And yet, vin chiming with other wives and periodically changing them, it’s true, nothing is seen about children like cows.

About the children of the Grand Duchess, and then the Empress Katherine II, more is known, and even more not confirmed a bit of that allowance:

Children are not so rich, especially mind you, because not all of them obligatory lay with Catherine the Great.

Yak died KaterinaII

Version of the death (17 leaf fall, 1796) of the great empress of the first kilka. The authors of them do not stop worrying about the Empress's sexual non-gaming, as if "in your own eye, the decks are not bachachi." Acts with versions simply write hatred and are clearly fabricated, more for everything, in revolutionary France, who hate absolutism, but other її enemies:

1. The Empress died at the hour of sexual intercourse with a stallion, raised above her on hanks. Nibito itself їm i rozavleno.
2. The Empress died in an hour with a wild boar.
3. Katerina Velika was beaten in the back by a Pole for an hour to go to the toilet.
4. Katerina, with her hairy vag, broke the toilet seat in the toilet, which she had prepared for the throne of the Polish king.

The figures of the myth are absolutely unsupported and cannot expect a year before the Russian Empress. I thought that the sideless versions of death would instantly rise and spread at the court of the sons, who hated the empress - the future emperor Pavlo I.

The most reliable versions of death are:

1. Katerina died the next day after she suffered a severe heart attack.
2. The cause of death was a stroke (apoplexy), which caught the empress at the stool. In pain of agony, not coming to you for nearly 3 years, Empress Katherine died.
3. Pavlo organized the murder (of the first aid) of the empress. While the empress was tormented in her death throes, the son of Pavlo knew and ignorant of the command, which transferred the power to his son Oleksandr.
4. The dodatkovy version of death is called rozirvaniya when falling mіkhur mіkhur.

The official version, when the reasons for the death of the empress are revealed, a stroke is taken into account, but it became really incomprehensible that there was not enough left.

Empress Catherine II the Great was buried at the Peter and Paul Fortress at the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul.

The special life and death of people, which may be of great importance for the state, always calls out impersonal speculations and is sensitive. The “freedom” of Europe has been roiled, as if only in Russia the results of the European “enlightenment” have been stifled, they have tried to inject, belittle, and portray the “wild”. How many favourites, how many children, how many children were at Catherine the Great's - far from being the most important nourishment for the day-to-day rule of the day. For history, those who worked the empress during the day, and not at night, are more important.

Catherine II is the great Russian empress, the reign of which became the most important period in Russian history. The era of Catherine the Great is marked by the "golden age" of the Russian Empire, the cultural and political life of such a queen called to the European level.

Portrait of Catherine II. Artist Volodymyr Borovikovsky / Tretyakov Gallery

The biography of Katherine II is full of light and dark smugs, numerous ideas and achievements, as well as sour, special lives, about which films are known to this day and books are written.

Childhood and youth

Katherine II was born on May 2 (April 21) 1729 in Prussia in the family of Governor Stettin, Duke of Zerbst and Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp. Irrespective of the wealthy family, this princess is not small, I will become significant, but the fathers did not get the fathers to provide home care for their daughter. When the future of the Russian Empress is on high equal taught English, Italian and French language, denounced dances and songs, and also took away knowledge about the foundations of history, geography and theology.

In childhood, the young princess was a chewy and crinkly child with a pronounced "cotton" character. Vaughn did not show her rosy radiance and did not demonstrate her talents, but helped her mother at the young sister Augusta, who ruled both fathers. The young mother's mother called Catherine II Fike, which means little Federica.

Catherine II in her youth. Artist Luy Karavak / Gatchina Palace

At 15 years, it became known that Princess Tserbstskaya was chosen as the name for the fall of Peter Fedorovich, having become the Russian emperor. The princess that її matіr was secretly asked to go to Russia, where the stench violated the name of Countess Reinbek.

The maiden immediately began to learn Russian history, mov that Orthodoxy, to learn more about her new fatherland. Nezabar, she converted to Orthodoxy and was named Katerina Oleksiivna, and the next day she took care of Peter Fedorovich, who was his second cousin.

Palace coup and descent to the throne

Pіslya vіnchannya of Peter III in zhittі maybutnoї rosіyskoї іmperatritsі nіchogo not zmіnilosya - Won prodovzhuvala prisvyachuvati currently samoosvіtі, vivchati fіlosofіyu, yurisprudentsіyu she do the first vsesvіtno vіdomih avtorіv, oskіlki cholovіk not viyavlyav to neї іnteresu that vіdkrito rozvazhavsya of іnshimi zhіnkami on її sight. After 9 fates of the sky, if the blues between Peter and Katerina were left to rest, the tsarina gave birth to a fall to the throne, whom they had chosen in her and did not allow him to bachitis.

Pavlo I, son of Katerini II. Artist Oleksandr Roslin / easyArt

Then, in the head of Catherine the Great, I suspected a plan to knock down my man from the throne. Vaughn subtly, clearly and courageously organized a palace coup, to which she was supported by the English ambassador Williams and the chancellor of the Russian Empire - Count Oleksiy Bestuzhev.

It was not without reason that it was said that offended trusted individuals of the future Russian Empress were hurt. Ale Katerina did not know what she had planned, she knew new allies from Yogo Vikonanna. They were the brothers Orlovi, adjutant Fedir Khitrov and warmaster. They took part in the organization of the palace coup and foreigners, as if they saw sponsor support for the bribe of the necessary people.

Portrait of Catherine II on horseback. Artist Virgilius Eriksen / Peterhof

In 1762, the Empress was ready to the irrevocable crock - she broke as far as St. Petersburg, the Guards units swore allegiance, as at that hour they were already dissatisfied with the military policy of Emperor Peter III. After whom I was appointed to the throne, I was taken under the vartu and died without a hitch behind the nevіdomih furnishing. After 2 months, on 22 September 1762, Sophia Frederick August Anhalt-Zerbstskaya was crowned in Moscow and became the Russian Empress Catherine II.

Reign and achievement of Catherine II

On the first day of her ascendance to the throne, the tsarina clearly indicated her monarch's tasks and began to implement them. Vaughan quickly formulated that she carried out reforms in the Russian Empire, as if they had bumped into all spheres of life of the population. Katerina Velika led a policy of urging the interests of the current states, by which she won the support of support.

Portrait of Catherine II. Nevidomy artist / Yekaterinburg Museum of Imaginative Art

In order to fight the Russian Empire out of the financial turmoil, the tsarina carried out secularization and took the lands of the church, transforming them from the secular authorities. Tse allowed to pay for the army and popovnitsa treasury of the empire for 1 million souls of the villagers. Under the circumstances, the won was able to improve the trade in Russia, increasing the double capital industrial enterprises in the countryside. Because of this, the sum of sovereign incomes increased fourfold, the empire could reduce the size of the army and expand the development of the Urals.

While Katerini’s internal policy, today it is called “illumination of absolutism,” because the empress tried to achieve “sleepy good” for the supremacy of that power. The absolutism of Katerini II was a commemoration of the praises of the new legislation, as it was adopted on the basis of the "Order of the Empress Katerini", which avenged 526 articles.

Empress Katerini II. Artist Dmitro Levitsky / Tretyakov Gallery

They talked about those principles, how they slandered the deputies-legislators, about the ideas of Charles de Montesque, Jean Léron d'Alembert and other enlighteners. Zvіd zakonіv rozroblyavsya specially sklikanoї 1766 rock Laid komіsієyu.

Through those political activity the tsarina still had a small “pro-noble” character, from 1773 to 1775 the fates of the peasants stumbled on the rebels of the villagers under the wire. The village war may have engulfed the entire empire, but the sovereign army strangled the rebellion and arrested Pugachov, who had been decapitated by the year. The whole decree about the stratum, which the empress saw for the fates of her rule.

In 1775, Katerina Velika carried out a territorial division of the empire and expanded Russia into 11 provinces. At the beginning of the її reign of Russia, the Azov, Crimea, Kuban, as well as part of Belarus, Poland, Lithuania and the western part of Volin came. The provincial reform of Katerina, in the opinion of the dosledniks, is small to a low number of shortcomings.

View of Katerini II on a falconer. Artist Valentin Serov / Sovereign Russian Museum

p align="justify"> During the formation of the provinces, the national warehouse of the population was not insured; Just then, in the country, the selection of judges was ordered, and they were engaged in looking at criminal and civil records.

In 1785, the Rotisserie Empress organized a mass self-regulation by localities. By the decree of Katherine II, she gave the right to noble privileges - she called the nobles to pay taxes, obov'yazkovoї service from the viysk, she granted the right to volody the lands and the villagers. Zavdyaki the Empress in Russia introduced a system of secondary lighting, for which purpose special closed schools, institutes for girls, and vikhovny budinki were created. Why, Katerina fell asleep at the Russian Academy, as she went to the leading European scientific bases.

With special respect for the hour of the reign, Katerina added a rose the strong state. Vono was respected for Russia as the main goal, as it poured into the economic development of the state. The expansion of ornih lands has led to an increase in the export of grain.

Portrait of Katherine II at the Russian Armed Forces. Artist Stefano Torelli / State Historical Museum

Under him, bread became sold in Russia, which the population bought for penny pennies, and was also introduced into the household by the empress. It is also up to the virtues of the monarchy to carry out the vaccination of Russia, which allowed the deadly epidemics of the country to be saved, thereby saving the number of people.

During the hours of her reign, Katerina Druga survived 6 wars, from which she took trophies from the lands. Її foreign policy richly someone up to this day vvazha immoral and hypocritical. And yet, the woman, far away, went into the history of Russia as a mighty monarch, as she became a butt of patriotism for the future generations of the country, without regard for daytime, to instill drops of Russian blood in her.

Life Specialist

The special life of Katerina II may have a strong character and to this day, it has become insidious. Already in her youth, the Empress became shy to the point of “freedom”, which appeared as a result of not far away from Peter III.

National Museum of Sweden

The love novels of Catherine the Great are marked by low scandals, and the list of favorites is avenged by 23 names, about which the legacy of authoritative "katherinologists" is remembered. The leader's institute had a negative effect on the state structure at that time. Vіn spriyav corruption, nevirnim personnel decisions and falling vdach.

Oleksandr Lanskoy, Grigory Potiomkin and Platon Zubov, who became the favorite of the 60th century Catherine the Great, became the most important kohantsy of the monarchy. The successors do not include the fact that the empress's love affairs were a kind of siege, for the help of which she established her activity on the royal throne.

Tretyakov gallery

Apparently, Catherine the Great had three children - the son of the rightful person of Peter III - Pavlo Petrovich, Oleksiy Bobrinsky, people of Orlov, that Donka Hanna Petrivna, as she died of ailment at the same time.

The Empress consecrated the fates of the sunset of life with turbos about onukivs and recessions, shards of boulder at the stretched hundred-sacks from the son of Pavel. Vona wanted to transfer the power of that crown to the elder onuk, whom she especially prepared for the royal throne. Ale її plans were not judged to be, oskolki її legal spadkoєmets recognized about the thoughts of the mother and resolutely prepared to fight for the throne. In future loves, the empress nevertheless ascended the throne, becoming Emperor Oleksandr I.

Hermitage

Katerina Velika, in a pobuti, tried to get rid of her unsightly, she was wearing a baiduzha to a fashionable dress, but she spluttered at the handicrafts, carvings on wood, and those brushes. Every day, she added a busy hour to her beloved busy. The Empress herself embroidered, knitted, once especially chiseled the shape of the costume for onuk Oleksandr. The queen has a small literary gift, which she realized in written songs for the court theater.

After all, when the Empress adopted Orthodoxy in her youth, she was overwhelmed by the ideas of Buddhism. Katerina was planting the head of the lamaist church of Hidden Siberia and Transbaikalia. The ruler was officially recognized as the enlightened source of a similar religion - White Tari.

Death

The death of Katerini II followed the new style on the 17th leaf fall of 1796. The Empress died from a severe stroke, for 12 years she tossed about in agony and, not coming to you, went from life in agony. Її were buried at the Peter and Paul Cathedral near St. Petersburg. An epitaph flaunts on the tombstone, written by herself.

Yuri Zlotya

As soon as I ascend the throne of Paul I, having the greater part of my mother's abode. Until then, the old borg of the state appeared, which was a tyagar on the advancing rulers and there were no more repayments for for example XIX side by side.

Memory

In honor of the Empress, over 15 monuments were erected near St. Petersburg, Simferopol, Sevastopol, Krasnodar and other places of the Russian Empire. A lot of pedestals were spent later. Oskіlki Katerina took away the paper's pennies, later embellishing her portrait with a 100-ruble banknote of the hours of government.

The memory of the great empress was repeatedly honored in the literary works of Russian and foreign writers - and others.

The image of Catherine the Great is often featured in light cinematography. To take as the basis of scenarios, the great Russian Empress Katherine II is small in her life, filled with intrigues, zmovs, love novels, she fought for the throne, but with whom she became a noble ruler.

Julia Snigur.

Movies

• 1934 - "Razpusna empress"
• 1953 - "Admiral Ushakov"
• 1986 - "Mikhailo Lomonosov"
• 1990 - "Royal Poluvannya"
• 1992 - "Dream about Russia"
• 2002 - "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka"
• 2015 - "Great"
• 2018 - "Krivava Pani"

Soundness. Character. Temperament

To tell the truth, I did not in any way respect myself for being superbly beautiful, but I fell in love with it, and I think that my strength was in it. This is how Katerina herself defines the character of women's prudence, given by nature. Having heard enough about their lives, they equaled the world with Cleopatra’s mustache, and they didn’t recognize the equality as fair. Not to the one who did not know his value. "Virte me," she wrote to Grimm, "beauty is by no means a zayvo, and I always gave her majesty the significance, even though I myself didn’t have more than a garn." Ale, maybe you don’t sound too small to talk about your beauty in a derogatory tone, shy so through unknowing modesty, or out of a special, sophisticated coquetry? A thought about this mimicively falls into a thought, if you listen to the mayzhe one-flock opinions of co-workers about this kindness. The image of the "Pivnіchnoi Semiramida" shone in the other half of the eighteenth century and on the threshold of the nineteenth crossing at the barnyard, not only as a miracle of instillation of power, the greatness of triumphant happiness, but also of charming womanhood. In the eyes of the ears of all, she was not only majestic, regal and grim: she was at once and enchanting that beautiful, to inspire the middle of the recorded beauty. Tse bula was a rightful queen, as if from the rights of her genius, and from the right to beauty. Pallasі Venus victrix!

Ale was merciful, maybe not Katerina, but the very tsі contemporary, yakі, looking at the immemorial empress, they sighed not її, but as if the charіvnu іstotu was created by their wispy yawn. Illusion and deceit dawned upon every laying of the floor, but no one could remember to inspire shortcomings in Katerina's oldness. So, all individuals, as if they appeared to be sovereigns, talk about її high age, which hung її over the natovp. And in this hour, in truth, she was not only lower than the average age, but rather a little, and with that, before the hour, to the full. Vtіm, bring the color of її eyes, giving a lead to marvelous super-eyes. Behind the words of some, the stench of the boulevards, behind the words of others - blakitnі. Rul'ier reconciled these two extreme thoughts, depicting them in his description of brown with a bluish glare. The axis is literally a portrait of Katerini, throwing him approximately rok її descent to the throne. Їy bulo todi thirty-three rocks. We have no other such report description of the oldness that can be traced back to a much earlier era. The portrait, shattered by Poniatowski, may be less than an hour on the verge of chotiri chi five years doti, and before that, the wines of writing by the preemptive hand of the dead man.

“Stand її,” write Rul'ier, “waving and noble, proud of the move; all її іstota and manners of the same grace. Vaughn could see the kingdoms. All figures and її appearances testify about the strong will. She has an old age, and looks ahead; tse especially commemorated in її profiles of marvelous beauty that visuvannya of the head, which podkreslyuє z deakim diligence. Her forehead is wide and open, not even eagles; ruin - fresh, їх dozhe embellish teeth; picking up the deshcho is great and may be sublime, wanting it to be out of place. Her hair is chestnut and superbly beautiful; dark eyebrows; brown eyes, beautiful, the stench shines with a bluish glare; the color of the appearance is superbly fresh. Pride is the axis of the correct character of її appearance. The new one has the same friendliness and kindness, but for the penetrating eyes of the stench, it’s less like a last її of the supra-primary bazhanya.”

Rul'ier buv ne zakohanim, ne enthusiast. Ale, now it’s better to have a portrait of another, painted olive close to that hour by the Russian artist Chemesov. The retelling was saved, which was a portrait of the letters of prayers for the prohannya Potiomkin, whom Katerina began to resurrect in dismay after the linden revolution, or maybe a trifle earlier. Katerina was no longer satisfied with Chemesov's work and appointed him secretary at her office. And in the meantime, for the marvelous empress, having depicted the wine, and how little it looks like those that other artists paint for us, the sculptor and the author of the notes, starting from Benner and the Lamp, and ending with Rulliere and the Prince de Line! The guise of Katerini was seen by Chemesov, if you want, to inspire us to be sensible, but not so inspiritual; let's put it bluntly: so mishchansky-peresichny. Perhaps, the reason for this is the costume - it’s like a marvelous pitiful marriage with a chimerical headdress, which closes the forehead to the brow and hangs on the beast at the sight of krill Kazan. Ale, the very appearance is softened and hardened at once; yet great and like a human figure, nevertheless, they act more clearly and under a cap: as if it were a German shopkeeper, dressed in blueberries, but not Cleopatra.

Meanwhile, portraying Katerina in such a way, Chemesov appeared, perhaps, just a healer, and Katerina, recognizing herself in his portrait, showed more unreasonable artistic creations, in which Falcone was widely recognized by luck? It is possible to the singing world. For the sake of saving another sign from a little Russian artist: this is a portrait of Katerina, descriptions through a sprat of rocks by Richardson. The glance and the mind of that English, perhaps, did not give in to illusions, nor blindness. The І axis in some words of the wine shows its own expression:

“The Russian Empress is larger than the average size, proportionately and gracefully built, even though she is graceful to the fullest. She has a bright color of appearance, and she tries to decorate with rouge, for the butt of all the women of the country. Her mouth is garno christened; teeth are miracles; in blue in the eyes - a dope viraz: not strong enough to call it an inquisitorial look, and not so unacceptable, like a distrustful person. Figure out the right way. Such a fierce hostility that it is impossible to say that she had a husband's disguise, but at the same time you can’t call him a full woman.

This is not written in Chemesov's tone, but in a rather naive and perhaps coarse realism. But in that, and in the other image, there is still one bed of rice, yak, we are told, and it was characteristic of Katerini's appearance, put on a new special sign, and, from a plastic look, strongly changed, so it didn’t drive in, yogo belonging: the whole human warehouse, which you look through, meanwhile, and on other portraits of the most enchanting farby artists with a smaller sum of penzl, - inspire the one who is so like Voltaire and change dossi at Ferney. And Katerina was always sawing after him, as they depicted on the canvas. If in the portrait painted by the Lamp shortly before her death, she knew that she had a white nose, that she gave it, as it was given, a severe viraza, it destroyed the vision in her fortuneteller and to the portrait itself, and to the artist. And Lampi navit is famous for it, that it never spoke the bitter truth to its models. Vіn erased the wrinkle, and the empress - їy nezabara a little whilin sіmdjaz rokіv - became like a new young nymph. History closes about those who have been left alone once satisfied.

“Which way did they show me? - Did Katerina get water from Prince de Lіn, if she came to St. Petersburg first, - high, dry, eyes, like a star, and at the great figs? Tse Bulo 1780 rock. The empress resounded five and one times. The first axis is what Prince de Lin knows її: “It’s still indecent, - it’s like wine in your“ Notes ”. - It can be seen that she was more of a harn, a lower garn: the majesty of її chola is helped by an accepting glance and a smile, but you can see all of it. You don’t need to be Lavater, to read it in a new language, like in an open book: genius, justice, courage, depth, equanimity, lagness, that calm firmness. The width of this chola indicates a great memory and intuition: a new one has a good time for the whole. Її trohi gostre pіdborіddy not to be seen ahead, but it is indicated by a sharp line, not spared by the nobility. After all, the oval of the її guise is wrong, ale won, ymovirno, superbly appropriate, to that in її laughing richly broad and cheerful. She has a fresh color of disguise and miraculous shoulders: the stench of steel, vtіm, beautiful at Skoda її waist, colossally thin, like a thread: in Russia it’s even swidko povnіyut. Vaughn told about her zovnіshnіst, and the yakbi did not pull her hair down so much, but let down the trochs, so that the stench framed her appearance, then it would have gone to her incomprehensibly more. What a little growth, as if you don’t notice. ”

Ale tse I renew the words of the enthusiast. In the meantime, Count Segur, like a diplomat, having respected himself more invincibly, he describes Katherine Mayzhe in the silence of their own speeches. “Because of the great beauty found, the whiteness and the freshness of the color of the appearance were saved”, even wine. Caster, having explained in his own way how I can overcome Katerini over sunk costs. Behind Yogo's words, "Vona blushed a lot in stay rocky queen." Ale Katerina did not bother to get to know each other. At її sheet to Grimm, written in 1783, we read, for example:

“Dakoy to you for banks with rouge, with which you wanted to embellish my appearance; but if I began to get used to them, then I knew that the stench was so dark that it made me look furious. That’s why you vibatch me, that, regardless of all my celebrity in that city, you know de vie (Grimm at that hour in Paris) ... I can’t follow this beautiful fashion there.”

The most authoritative from the aesthetic point of view and, perhaps, the most reliable of the best, is the description of the destruction of m-me Vige-Lebrun, which, unfortunately, did not take Katerina to the її best rock. With whom, she could not boast of the empress's reasons for her, which is also a guarantee of breadth: Katerina did not fit in to call in front of her. Years ago, m-me Vizhe-Lebret wrote the empress with a penzle for spogads. With a pen, I will describe it like this: “I was terribly hostile to myself in front of me, babbling that she was already a small growth; I painted myself superbly high, so majestic, like glory. Vaughn was more dense, but the appearance of її was even more beautiful: her whiter hair served as a miraculous frame for him. On її wide and arched high choli lying another genius; my eyes are kind and reasonable, not so familiarly Greek, the color of my chewy disguise is fresh, and all disguises are more rickety... I said that she was a little tall; but on the days of the ceremonial exits, with her head held high, with an eagle look, with her postav, as if giving the call of panuvati, she was made of such greatness that she was given to me as the queen of the world. On one of the stars, she is wearing a bula in three order lines, and the costume is simple and noble. The wine is folded with a gold-embroidered muslin tunic with wide sleeves, folded in the middle, with a similar taste. At the top, a bow of robes is broken from pure oxamite with short sleeves. A bonnet, pinned to її white hair, embellishment not with stitches, but with diamonds of the most beautiful beauty.

Katerina early got used to wearing her head high when she was in public, and she saved her head for the rest of her life. Zavdyaki tsomu, and also the enchantment of greatness, which ochuchulos її іm'ya, it was built in an inconspicuous way, lower was really the flooring, which fooled such a saw posterigach, like Richardson. The art of taking care of yourself and taking care of yourself, no matter what, the tsar’s look, like Katerina allowed herself to be so thorough, respects the traditional at the Russian court. One Austrian court lady conveyed to us, for example, her opposition at the arrival of Emperor Mikoli at Viden. If you win at Burg in a gleaming uniform, in your masculine beauty and greatness, poured out in all positions, string, proud, on your head more for all princes, wing-adjutants, chamberlains and officers, a pivbog. Vaughn was sitting on one of the upper galleries and could not take her eyes off the miraculous vision. Aleraptom out of the sky. Natovp court wiishov; all the doors were mended. Members of the imperial title and the person closest to the post lost themselves. What about the emperor? De vin buv? Vіn, hunched over, sitting right there, on the lava, bending his high camp, on the guise of yoga, read the viraz of inexhaustible torment; it was impossible to recognize it, vіn building vdvichi lower, instead falling from the heights of its greatness into the abyss of human grief: the colossal drink of god was now just a miserable and unfortunate person. Tse vіdbuvalos 1860 rock. Mykola, having already seen the first attack of the ailment, as if he had cut off the end of his life, and in advance called him to the grave. Posture natovpom vin not prihovuvav their suffering. Ale, in public, the heroic zusills of the will of the wines died again to become the miraculous emperor of many past days.

So repaired, perhaps, and Katerina remained the reign of fate.

The Princess of Saxe-Koburzka, who first spoke to her in 1795, began her rozpovid even unseemly for Katerina, it seems that the person of the old empress foretold her witch: so she splendidly manifested her own. A year later, the princess, perhaps, changed her first hostility: she could not praise the “wonderfully beautiful” color of the appearance that the empress had saved, and know that “the special features of healthy old age, wanting behind the cordon and talking about magic.”

Katerina, at that hour, did not in any way revere herself especially to her health. Vaughn often suffered from headaches, which were accompanied by colic, which did not respect her, vtim, until the last whilina, laughing at medicine and doctors. It was not easy to accept these faces. Once, if її likarevі Rogerson was far away to knock її out a sprat of feathers, he would come to such a grip that, forgetting himself, familiarly slapping її on the shoulder, yelling: “Bravo, bravo!” I won for the price of antrohi did not appear on the new one.

Beginning in 1772, Katerina could no longer read without eyepieces. Hearing її, vzgalі more subtle, even more subtle to wondrous suffering: її vukh received sounds differently, not only in the sense of strength, but in the tone itself. Without a doubt, she didn’t understand any music, as she didn’t try to fall in love. Vaughn bula zovsіm spared a little harmony.

They sang that from shovkovy khustok, with which she tied her head on nothing, hoarsely, if they cleaned them, sparks. Those same manifestations were repeated nibi and z prostration. But all these tales are less likely to be brought up, what a majestic infusion is small to inspire Katerini’s physical stature on the face of her fellows, as if they were familiar with the secret words of Franklin. The moral її image of the letter is such that it could only add to the legend.

The great empress and woman, gdna of all feats, like Katerina, vtim, did not shy away from a similar one, calling ironically “St. Teresia”, wrote in 1780:

“In the winter of Tsiogorіchnoi, the emperor, having pulled me a jarto, what do you want to fight with the Russian empress. You can show yourself, as if I were unacceptable yogo name, first, after him, as if to slay on other powers, so in the future, expect that heat, as they inspire me with such characters, like the Russian empress.

And in the meantime, we know that Katerina has become a great start to her character. The new man had his own shortcomings and instilled vices: apparently, they were strong enough, the stench took on the same greatness, if you want, zhahlivy rose, like wine. Ale zagalom tse buv the character is glimmering and the hour at the hour of the fair height.

“Vidraza zhi zhakh”, as Maria Theresa was put before her, they did not respect, perhaps, the rest to enter into an alliance with such a disliked empress and create a cry-o-cry with her Poland. Marie Antoinette, who shared hostility like her mother, was practically ready to forget about them.

“What if I didn’t think about the Russian Empress,” she wrote to her servants, “I would be superbly vdyachna, as if politics had provided us with light.”

In this rank, Katerina bula miraculously did not rozmirkovuyuchi abstractly. And from such a point of view, the thought of Marie-Therese and Marie-Antoinette is given to us by a suvor, to that it is doubtless, that it would be miraculously to call for a lifetime of worship and deprive the offspring of such mіtsna and tsіnna tsіnnu. Vaughn bula, impeccably, even more foldable nature, that may not be able to do what we want to do now. I, nіbi predchuvayuchi itself, with some difficulties to get acquainted with її probable biographers, there, mutely pitying them, marked a path for them, laying out new de-not-de vіhi: not seeming about її "Notes", in which psychology borrows it is not enough time, it has deprived us of a short autobiography and a small amount of good references to us. Axis autobiography. Vaughn saved herself on the arkush paper, on the back of the bots, which, as I am, with an unknown hand, was written the epitaph “Ser Tom Andersen” - one of the favorite dogs of the Empress. And for the sight of that grave word, consecrated to her lower kohanі іstoі, Katerina, in one of the attacks on humor, which so often happened to her, laid down her epitaph, the end of the butterflies, to which the attendance at eleven masquerades is to blame, the crime was offended and the evening. We write off this epitaph verbatim:

“Katerina Druga is resting here, as she was born in Stettin on April 21 (May 2), 1729. Vaughn arrived in Russia in 1744 to make friends with Peter III. For fourteen years she made a third plan to be worthy of her person, Elizabeth that people. Vaughn didn’t do anything to reach the goal. Sixteen years of hardship and self-sufficiency gave me the opportunity to read a lot of books. Having reached the throne of Russia, she did good and wanted to bring happiness, freedom and power to her subjects. Vaughn easily forgave and hated no one. Indulgent, nevibagly that is cheerful in nature, with the soul of the republic that kind heart, there are few friends. Job їй was given easily; she loved the arts and crafts.”

And the axis i is a characteristic, crushed by itself. It is included in the leaves up to Senac de Meilan, written in the spring of 1791.

“I didn’t joke at all, so that I had a creative mind; I chided faceless people, whom I recognized as richly sensible for themselves without any ill will. It was already easy for me to cheat, for that, in order to reach it, it was only necessary to reveal me in an inconspicuously beautiful and basic idea, my lower; then I became hearing, like a lamb. The reason for this lies with the stray bazhan, as it didn’t deprive me in any way, so that the good of my state would come. I'm not happy to know good and broad principles, for some reason I have achieved great success. I had bad luck, they blamed me for pardons, for which I was not remorseful; stinks and trapilis, perhaps, only to those who didn’t scribble exactly those that I wrote. Regardless of all my pliability in the sight of nature, I took it in my hand firmly, as you know, if it was necessary for me. I didn’t squeeze anyone in my thoughts, but when I was in need, I firmly trimmed my own. I don’t like to talk, to that, in my opinion, the skin is always left behind in my mind. Vtіm, I could not speak dosit zrazumіlo (fort haut). I never remember evil. Providence has put me in such a place that I cannot be vindictive in terms of my age, to the point where I respect the offending sides of the nervous ones, as if to purify for justice. I deeply love justice, but I respect that justice is not justice, and that for human weakness it is simply justice to do. In all my moods, I willed to stove humaneness and condescension to the people, lower strict rules of morality, like on me, often nastyly rozumіyutsya. I care in my heart, as I respect my kindness. If people of a frail age propagated me wisdom, I confessed to them in my weakness, bursting into tears, and the deacons of them were pleasing to me, even shedding tears. I am cheerful for nature that shira; but then she lived among people for a long time, so you don’t know what a smart mind, like not tolerating gaiety, and that no one vzagal not to blame neither the truth, nor the truth.

"The axis is about my portrait," Katerina wrote in the headline of these rows. duje approximate we think, and not to the one who is married in the new richly, but to herself through those who are assigned to the new. So, nezdatnіst to vindictiveness, as Katerina ascribes to herself, as the style of times was welded with Frederick, as one can judge, only through a sprat of sharp respect, honored by the king-philosopher, to her character, to endure unbearable for her. Navit Count Segur in the epoch, if he has not yet sinned with the strictness of the Russian Empress, who has stricken Yogo with a wine-colored love, acknowledging the unfailing ignorance of rice in the name of Katerina.

“The Empress,” we read in one of his dispatches, “without a doubt, has a lot of worries: a healthy mind, a sweet soul, a penetrating mind and a kinder heart; but she is malleable, distrustful, quarrelsome, and її satiated with pride, zavzhda vplyvaє on її politichnі look. Through empty talk on the її rahunok at Versailles, through the coldness from the side of our court, or from the side of the emperor, through the smallest pardon, as I myself can rob, you will change your thoughts: for example, you will be placed as a guide to the Prussian king, she has no ailments, which she really doesn’t have.”

As far as the truth and the door, then, even though Katerina loved them biyak, there, singsongly, she showed the only butt in history, yakbi did not greet them, talking to herself.

Neshchira to herself would have been incited by the prince de Lin, singing yogo, that, yakbi vipadkovo was a lieutenant, then she would not have risen to the rank of captain, she would have perished for the first essence. "Allow me not to believe me," the prince barred, and mav ration. You might think that, speaking to him, Katerina Timchasov was forgetting her own history and did not understand the importance of her character. Even if for an hour you won and killed your fearless, then you will be ambitious in front of us. His moustache wiggled famous rice tієї prominent generation of people, z yakikh current history the most brilliant and such that there is no equal representative, buv Napoleon. She had a wicked mind in front of her, which rottenly blamed the rubbish - as if she didn’t try to change the other ones from the opposite one - and not allowing the zovsim to bring that topping into her hands. Vaughn got angry at one of her beloved ministers, Prince Vyazemsky, if he got into trouble, not rejoicing at her, punish him, so that they gave a whistle at the court theater. "I don't want to be under anyone's guard," youma voiced. Then she had a cheerfulness, sometimes divine, but always thought over, as if she didn’t sing in front of any kind of chrismation, and at once she hoped to inspire a simple vipadkovist and with a cold rіshuchist went to the rizik. And she had her own self-confidence, without some kind of impossibility in what success, and that particular building is not in doubt at the power of luck, without which people cannot be happy in their endeavors. Ale, on top of it, laying like a chegos zhіnochnogo, scho having given Katerina's character a streak of strіmkіst і mrіylivіst. If in 1770 the fate, at the hour of war with the Turks, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army didpovіv їy about the priority of the fortune of the fortune-telling forces, Katerina zmusila yogo shut up; having guessed to you about the Romans, as if they did not praise the enemies, she hung firmly over the head that the Turks would be beaten. And if the reconciliation after a certain hour was true, and at the same time Rumyantsev could hear the help of the brilliant ones, he had an even greater sense of self-confidence, and we were in front of the authorities, and little by little the flesh and blood disappeared. Before the end of the reign, it rose strongly in her pavement, which she did not allow to inspire the possibility of such shocks, unhappily, or for the sake of the share of the future to herself.

Yakby, I was Louis XVIII, - she wrote in 1796, - I didn’t fly away from France, or I turned back a long time ago in defiance of the elements, and my rebuvannya there chi in the old lay only in sight of me, but not in sight . no other human will”.

It was like this, that, yakby won bula, George III, they would not dare to choose America.

Її pіdtrimuvala, vtim, - like all people її gartu, - fatalistic faith, ignorant and stupid, proteless, taєmniche and almighty, cheruє shares of such images of Heaven, like won. Razmovlyayuchi s Didro, she seriously gives you honest word who reigns thirty six years. In 1789, it looks like: “Now I have sixty years, but I’m enthralled that I’ll live more than twenty”. And the shards of the faith are already deep, they will be buried in them with a calm, unsweetened optimism, the floorings will be filled with their own and so stubborn that for an hour they will become deaf and blind. Tse vin having created її “innocence”. By stretching another Turkish war, which was a little similar to pershu, for a long time it was given that the star of Katerina would wander: bad luck went one by one. Ale Katerina didn't want to believe it. Vona went in, but she herself, no one else in the world knows about the defeat of the Russian army and that commander, who was now called, unfortunately, no longer Rum'yantsev, but Potiomkinim. Then for the least failure of the Turks, like, for example, among Zhovtni 1787 p. under Kinburn, she served prayers at once, blazed on a sign of victory with a harmonic fire and trumpeted throughout Europe about the glorious feat of the Russian troops. One could think that Kinburn was a friend of the Battle of Chesmen, that the Ottoman fleet was crowned with immortal glory by the name of Potomkin. Vtіm, that's how she wrote to you about the bіy and robbed tse, maybe, it was completely changed.

Without a doubt, such optimism was included in її political images, in її the manner of cursing and її diplomatic cunning, with which we know better every year. Vona jumped in such a rite to impress the forces of Europe: and Austria, which she wanted to cherubate, and France, as she needed additional help, and to inspire Turkey, as she tried to demoralize. For example, she instructed Count Segur to convey to the court of Versailles such information about Russian victories, that the Count de Montmorin would later have a great practice to reconsider his message in the hobnost of quiet messages, as if they were brought to them. In the same way, she fought with the bag of Potomkin, who easily lost heart. Ale, at one time її optimism buv, impeccably, invisible rice її character and imponuvav like others, and th itself.

For an hour, if you follow these uninterrupted self-praises, which, having reminded you of її listing, and especially often in a whilini crisis, you might think that she was suffering from megalomania. The Swedes stand right next to Petersburg, and they continue to defend their victory over them. At the Lipnya 1788 one of the fortune-tellers shot so close that the streets of the capital were filled with smoke. But the next day, Katerina merrily flies at the other drive, vtayuchi herself with it, that she also sniffed gunpowder; then we go to the church, to serve a prayer service for the future of a greater and lesser reliable victory over the Turks, to remember about the yak Potiomkin before the speech, he sent the їy gyntsya, and, turning from the temple, it seems, bachila, the church is so impersonal to the people, scho "tsієї yurbi it would be enough to beat the Swedes with stones, chosen from the brukivki of St. Petersburg. She is elected to sign a decree from the order to Vice Admiral von Desen to follow Admiral Greig, smashing the Swedes in front under Karlskrona. Admiral Greig is guilty of vihati to Dezen nazustrich, having smashed, with his blackness, once again the fortune-telling fleet. Ale on tse Mamonov - the official leader of that hour - having argued already, that it is not possible to be so firmly entrenched in the uncompromising transfer of both admirals. Dosі sche the stench of any one time did not get over the top of the Swedes in the next big battle. Katerina comes to great anger:

“I don’t like dribnitsa, but great hospitality; for such attributions one does not fight, ”it seems out.

But all the same, she does the same to Mamonov and it’s better not to force von Desen to “overcome the order”, wanting and crying when you annoy him. I guess that the admiral cannot now do anything necessary. And three days later, regardless of those who do not see the changes of the year in the right side, they will look like the entire Swedish fleet, to the rest of the ship, already dying by the waters of the Baltic Sea. Її no longer turbuє yoga is close to the state. Vaughn to talk about those who would do well to send the Russian fleet to the Archipelago. If there are Swedes, then there is no more turbulence about them. Look out for yourself. The Finnish army rebels against them, if not now, then in the next hour. It will be enough to show Gustav yoga to the place. І Katerina tries to take revenge on the Swedish queen for less than that, who osmіyuє yogo vijskovі feats in the comic opera “Mountain Bogatyr Kosometovich”, as if she starts writing, “I don’t know, vtim, how її skіnchiti”. Ale, the Finnish army is not overwhelmed, being led in such a way to truly trust the empress; And after the low defeat and the shock that they are swearing, it is now that they have come to the new defeat of the Russian fleet at Svenkszund (28 worms, 1790); ale at her leaf to Potomkin Katerina would soon guess about the new one in two rows.

And so she repaired the windshield. In 1796, a few months before his death, he started, for example, that unfortunate soul loves his sons with the Swedish king: the story began to sparkle, the marvelous vicissitudes of which we spoke in a different place. Must bring їy difficulties, pereskodi, mayzhe impossibility of success; ale, no matter how brutally respectful, not bothering to make it right as a follow, Katerina will ask for the king, and on the day of appointments, having taken the whole door and dressing the front cloth, checking the king’s majesty in her palace for voucher. For the first time, I’m happy to serve you: I didn’t come to royal majesty! In the sight of Katerina, she died, perhaps, after a few months. The whole 1796 river, the last time of which I was not destined to plead, buv, vtim, unfortunate for her. Ale optimism and here without leaving її. Near the linden, after a while, a part of the fleet was destroyed. All gunnery lines, zbudovani and ozbroєni with great difficulties, burned in the harbor of Vasilievsky island.

“Well, what?” Katerina wrote of the coming day, “everything that we really need will be re-awakened for the whole ... and the port will only be cleared from the moth”.

Katerina loved fame, while respecting what she deserved by right, but she loved at that hour and put it on display.

“As soon as the war continues,” she wrote at the sickle of 1771, “then my Tsarskosilsky garden will become like a bowling alley, so that with a shiny skin, I will be in a new monument ... Behind the garden, by the fox, I want to wake the temple is at the memory of the right war, all the famous battles (and there were a few: we already have 64 numbers) will be depicted on the medallions, looking even simpler short letters Russian mine, with the appointed hour of the battles, that osib, as if they took their fate.

Significantly by the way, that I overcame the list, put together by her hand, the Battle of Chesme was respected for two. The thirst for ambition was so strong in Katerina that she obviously had double vision in her eyes, if necessary.

Ambition robbed її also sensitive to flattering and, frankly, like a pihatoy. Aleone, sensibly, quarreled with her for no matter what, she loved to show the proteges a little. The French architect Clerisso, who is famous in his own time, a great artist and honestly, but, perhaps, an inanimate person, was even more unfriendly to Emperor Josip II, who saw yoga in Paris. “Do you know what an artist is? - having said to the emperor of the middle of other kindnesses, moving in the wake of the prayer, as if he had robbed Yosip, and they were not worthy of him. - From one side, vin maє olive; for the rest - to give you 20,000 livres of river income, as a wine to be born in the sight of that olive. Ale vin throws you your 20,000 livres in disguise and is forfeited with olives, for the olive gives you more happiness, and saves the treasures of the world. Katerina, like Grimm, having told about this Clerisso winding, came right into the thrall. “I love,” said Vaughn, “if it seems so, like Clerisso with the emperor ... Tse learn these pans, that not everyone speaks only in the same way, and that not everyone loves flattery.” At the same time, she won Grimma to call її Catherine the Great: "because primo I don’t like prisvisk; seconds call me Catherine II, Tertio I do not want me, like Louis XV, to be known not far off by my name; in a fourth way, I am neither great nor small in growth.

Ale Grimm knowing, with kim can rightly, and with the help of the year, only change the form of his compliment. At 1780 p. the English envoy Garris, getting ready for a respectful marriage with the empress, having honored us in front of the favorite Potemkin. Yomu needed to reconsider Katerina to intercede for England at the close of France. “I can give you only one joy, - the favorite of your favorite, - let me in. The only goal is to achieve whatever it was not there, but it’s possible to achieve everything in it ... Do not bother yourself with reasonable arguments: we won’t hear you. Turn around without intermediary to її feel that predilections. Chi do not preach їy n_ karbі v England, nі її navy: ї th th is not necessary. You need less praise and compliments. Give me those whom she will help, and she will give you the strength of the forces of her state.”

Josip II gave this thought, if, for the sake of your mother, overcome your guid to Katerina and win the Order of the Golden Fleece before her, about what she dreamed: “I’m happy, I know well її majesty, and Marnoslavism - її the only little one”, - writing to Vіn. Count Segur himself thought so: “It is important to carry out the sovereign; she has a lot of tact, cunning and penetration; but if you soothe її love to glory, then you can beat all її politics out of a pantelik. Ale, without a doubt, it would be easy for me to turn again on the true path for the help of the same help. The 1st Count Segur was always well respected by him. Under the hour of the famous Katerina's journey to Krimu, the Austrian Cobenzel, the English Fitz-Herbert and the charming cosmopolitan Prince de Ligne flattered her from early in the morning until evening. All methods were good for them, and everything served as a drive for them. Since the empress played in the group "les bouts-rim?s", de pick the tops for the given rome. Fitz-Herbert, there are quite a few gifts for poetic creativity, having said, nevertheless, to the aid of the empress, the onset of the verse:

"Je chante les auteurs qui font des bouts-rim?s ..."

Count Segur immediately finished chotirivirsh:

“Un peu plus fols, sans doute, ils seraient enterms;

Mais il faut respecter et chérir leur folie,

Quand ils chantent l'esprit, la gr?ce et le g?nie.

And six months later, talking to Grimm about the death of Voltaire, Katerina wrote to you:

“Vіdkoli Vіn died, the first sings of France, without a trace - Count Segur. I don’t know anyone who is healthy at the same time.”

Tse bula of the city for chotirivirsh. Katerina, vtim, broadly believed what she said. Vaughn also believed whether it was praise, beasts before her. In my life, there was no such thing as a mistrust of that hoary litter. Likewise, she hindered Grimma from giving the name of the Great, from the depths of the soul of the Great, consciously, she knew that she could have the same right, like Louis XIV, - but only for the sake of satisfaction send an epigram to the address of Louis XV; there is not only nothing less than that, so that they exalted, but allowed, that they despised. In 1772 p. Falconet praised the translation of the Latin chotirivirsh, to the point of speech, even ungrabable, de її they fought on the basis of Juno, Pallas and Venus, - and the unity, which was not worthy in these verses, - the price is not changed. As if there were no more compliments, she took it lightly, ale vimagala only, schob vin tidying up the thinned form. If the French envoy, the Marquis of Junier, klopotav at 1777 p. Vergennes, that the “Gazette de France” had a laudatory article about the new legislators of the empress, then he especially implied that the article was written sensibly, “because, - saying wine, - We are more pedantic ... ".

Ale chi bula at the same hour Katerina, how would she naturally be smart, overly proud and imaginative?

“The name's hairpin depicted Marnoslavism,” Count Segur pointed out in his Notes. - Vaughn was sensible and robbed her of looking at what she had said, but it was clear that her laugh sounded too small. Ale, from the other side, saved the note, in the words of Segur: in 1787. famous Lavater, choosing the great empress as the subject of his guards. Vіn doslіdzhuvav її її disguise and її її dzhe présіchnoy, scho stand inconspicuously lower for Queen Christina. Katerina stood up to the whole baiduzhe. “I swear to you that I won’t miss my antrohi,” Grimm wrote out of hand. And at the same time, she did not add the desired harsh word to the address of the disliked physionomist, did not show the desired bazhannya of the development of mysticism. How can you reconcile these two extreme thoughts? And the axis is yak: this unimaginable woman, mabut, forever began to divide in her own two special qualities: the empress and the woman. How she reached out to whom, we don’t know, but without a trace, that she brought the queen to marvelous powers and marvelous subtleties. So, it can be said that from a purely feminine look, there was no coquetry and sting of everyday pretensions in her. Vaughn spoke simply and unimpressedly about her callousness and about her mind. At the rosemary with Count Segur, Vaughn hung out to you once again, that Jacob Vaughn was not an empress, then the Parisian ladies would not know, perhaps, special satisfaction in її suspіlstvі and would not ask for її at their parties. Vaughn didn’t try to catch her fates, even though the thought of old age was unacceptable. “A good gift, which will bring me this day,” she wrote in an inaccurate way, predicting about the day of the people, “one more zayviy rіk! Ah, yakbi empresses could have lived for fifteen years! Having abandoned her temple camp, like a sovereign, she was ready to wait for Lavater, who recognized her as a great woman. Vaughn willingly admitted that the title of empress was on her share of the whole vipadkovo. Ale, when the temperament subsided, she wanted to, sob їy, as if she had changed, after I ascended the throne, at a new іstotu, - not the daughters of the Princess of Zerbstskaya, but Katherine, the autocrat of all Russia, - it was introduced among the people, especially the vast majority sobi, For the sake of yoga greatness and bliss, all worship and do not allow any criticism. The empress was in the її manifested neviddіlna in the form of the empire, and she put the empire unattainably high. In this manner, її Marnoslavism was, in fact, less than last її may be divine for its overabundance of ideas about its greatness and power, like a sovereign.

And as if the manifestation had not been pardoned by itself, it was not the weakness of Katerina: on the contrary, it was the head strength. It was over-the-top, fantastic, it didn’t show any action, but Katerina tried to lift yoga in front of others and cut them off, which made the whole world look good with him. That buv, as you want, deceit, mirage; ale mirage tsey trivav thirty rokiv! How did she reach out to whom? By what means?

Zasoby suto іndivіdualnymi, - we think, - yakі stale in її character.

We are in front of our vinyatkovoy willpower.

“I’ll tell you,” Vaughn wrote to Grimm in 1774, “that I don’t have a lot of shortcomings, you attribute them to me, that I don’t have any quiet advantages, that you know in me: maybe I’m good; I’m obviously going to be lagid, ale, behind my camp, I can’t help but beg with the terrible power of what I’m worshiping, - and the axis is about everything that I’m worth.

Significantly, however, as if, from one side, її the will changed into a steady and napoleglivy pressure, pragmatic to the point that “the good power was in the air”, behind the її vislova, and pragmatic tsgogo with an incredible strength, then, from the other side, Katerina bula at their bazhanni with the most impermanence. Nіkoli not ceasingly bazhati good Powers inflamed, there with a sweeping lightness, that shvidkistyu changed the statements about those in which it was good. Somebody else was a woman to the brain of brushes. In 1767, she wailed with her whole soul to her "Instruction", trying to create new laws for Russia. Їy here, sho tsey tver, about which we are talking about this time and in which she unceremoniously plundered Montesque and Beccaria, may introduce a new era in the history of Russia. And that won't hurt, sticky bazhaє so that the ideas of "Nakaz" were known more stosuvannya in life. Ale von zustrіchaє pereshkodi; їй to be brought to vichikuvati, robiti necessary and non-committal deeds. And then you immediately stop chanting “Instruction”. In 1775 p. won setting for the administration of the province and write to Grimm: “My remaining laws in the 7th leaf fall will take away two hundred and fifty sides in quarto, and I swear to you that I have never written anything equal to them order for the laying down, now I am given an empty balakan. Get out of the fire and show the chef d'oevre to your correspondents as soon as possible. Ale do not miss the fate, as if there is a call to the okholone, do it right. Zreshtoy Grimm didn’t take away the official document, and if Vin came to the conclusion that Von was so merciful and hung Yogo, then Katerina indulged in patience: “Why is Vin so stubbornly asking, that they gave You to read this little verse? Vaughn, perhaps, is good; maybe, it’s beautiful, but it’s super tedious.” Katerina herself stopped thinking about her after a month.

In hundreds of years before people, she had the same unstoppable, prejudiced suffocation, as if she was seen with a wine-coloured streak; ale, ring out after them, soon there would be an outward rozcharuvannya and baiduzhist. Most of the prominent people who called to her in Russia, and to Diderot himself, had a chance to try themselves.

Then, having won twenty royal roques on embellishment of various zamіsk cities, and knowing them alternately the most beautiful in the world, won in 1786 p. unexpectedly came to capture from one small place in St. Petersburg, not in the same way, but not really. Aleone badly punished the Russian architect Starov, a student of the St. Petersburg Academy of Mystics, to stay here, obviously, a palace, and immediately wrote to Grimm: “My dachas mustache - just hati is equal to Pello, like a virosta, like Phoenix, from the earth.”

Ale, zavdyaki to her healthy mind and subtle and penetrating mind, she wised up the boundaries of her character.

“For only two days I worked it out, - write out, - that I lie before people, like they are grabbing for everything, without bringing anything to the end; dosi z sogo, scho I started, yet nothing is completed.

Through rіk won I write again:

“I don’t have an hour, abi finish everything; tse guess me my law and decree: everything is more frequent and nothing is cut off; everything is crushed with urivki.

But all the same, she saves deaky іluziї, to the one who adds:

"If I live two more years, then everything will be brought to a new level of perfection."

Ale has passed two fates and more, and she has changed her mind, that it’s not a marriage for an hour to complete everything. "I didn't see it so clearly that I could do it with only urivkas," Katerina knows with a sigh of dismay. With whom you won’t give, that you respect yourself “because of the bad” and respect that Prince Potomkin had more ability to manage the state, lower her.

Dodamo, that she wasn’t a whole woman, yakbi їy didn’t spend an hour not knowing quite clearly what she herself wants, and sometimes we don’t understand what to become the subject of її - moreover, forge the strongest - bazhannya. On the arrival of some Vannier, who served as Voltaire's secretary, and for some reason she asked to be in her service, and then did not know what to work with him, she wrote to her souffre-douleur:

“To get a drink from your side ... and from my side also for those that I didn’t know for sure - in my opinion, like in riches of others - neither what I wanted, nor what I didn’t want, I wrote to that and about your own care and about the carelessness... You know, the crime of those departments, for the sake of falling asleep for me, I will say more: about the "science of carelessness" - I am more familiar with it, I can think less.

Tsey text is a cognizable fragment.

From the book The Cob of Orda Rus. The message of Christ. Trojan war. Falling asleep to Rome. author

From the book Encyclopedia of Pardons. Third Reich author Likhachova Larisa Borisivna

From the book of the Russian root. Mi Trimaemo Sky [Three bestsellers in one volume] author Prozorov Lev Rudolfovich

Supplement I The name of Prince Svyatoslav Igorovich as an ethno-original sign of the 1060-year-old Russian Hero

From the book Zasnuvannya Rome. The cob of Orda Rus. The message of Christ. Trojan War author Nosivskiy Glib Volodymyrovich

5.3. The soundness of Antony and yoga prizvisko “Dionysus” Plutarch writes that Antony “mav garn and representative soundness. A beard of a prominent shape, a broad forehead, a humpbacked nose reminded Antony of a masculine appearance and a resemblance to Hercules.

From the book History of the fall and the collapse of the Roman Empire [without an album of illustrations] the author Gibbon Edward

Rozdil 12 (XXVII) Gratian to call Theodosius at the rank of the emperor. - Pokhodzhennya that character of Theodosius. - Death of Gratian. - St. Ambrose. - The first international war with Maxim. - Character, management and repentance of Theodosius. - Death of Valentinian II. - Friend

author Ergon Jacques

THE FIRST ZOVNISHNIST OF THE ETRUSKS ROZLED How could the Etruscans be like? The dachas of this wondrous people were called out to them, like their co-workers, and nashchadkiv; involuntarily blame the food: what did they not have, like the hero of the “Persian Leaves” Montesqui, “what is remarkable about the look”?

From the book everyday life etruscans author Ergon Jacques

Another CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT Dionysius of Galikarnassky, who conferred on the Etruscans a critical and poignant record, did not talk about those who call their people like others, however, they are firm, but for their giving of wine they are not like anyone.

From the book Drink the flesh. zha that sex in the lives of people author Reznikov Kirilo Yuriyovich

Dress that soundness of the Maya. The clothes of the Maya lay low in rank. Forgive the Mayans wore bandages on quilts and cloaks. The nobility went to the tunikas. Old shirts of noble women were embellished with geometric embroideries, over dressed with a scarlet cloak with a black cladding around the edges. Vbrannya added

From the book Ivan the Terrible. Zhorstoky ruler the author Fomina Olga

Chapter 23 The character and statehood of Tsar Ivan Rіs in the conditions of palace coups, fighting for the power of the boyar families of Shuisky and Belsky who fought among themselves. So the thought was formed that the driving, the intrigues and the violence

author

Zovnіshnіst Zі pogadіv Fyodor Gavrilovich Golovkin: Pavlo, what a boon is so indulgent, born blushing, so that individuals, like bachiled in the gallery of Count Stroganov yogo portrait, de vin at the seven roki images at the front order costume, order with the portrait of the emperor

Books of Pavlo I without retouching author Biographies and memoirs Team of authors --

Zovnіshnіst Z "Notes" of Augustus Kotzebue: Zovnіshnіst yogo can be called caustic, and in anger risi yogo's guise was called to induce ogida. But if the heart's pretentiousness visvetly lichchia, then vin shy timidly gracious:

From books by Katerina Velika. (Roman of the Empress) author Valishevsky Kazimir

Razdіl 1 Zovnіshіst. Character. Temperament To tell the truth, I never respected myself for being superbly beautiful, but I fell in love with it, and I think that my strength was in it. This is how Katerina herself defines the character of women's prudence, given by nature. Having listened to your

From the book Tsar Ivan the Terrible author Kolivanova Valentina Valeriivna

The soundness and character of the tsar by the Epigraph to the notes of contemporary writers about the character and hostility, which celebrated Grozny with his look and behavior, you can put the following words of Klyuchevsky:

From the book Tsar's Rome at the mizhrichchi of the Oka and the Volga. author Nosivskiy Glib Volodymyrovich

24.3. Slovyansk zovnіshnіst Dіvi Mії Lukretsіya is described by Titom Livієm as BEAUTIFUL. Moreover, she won in the “dispute of the squads”, won by the Romans, who boasted to their friends. Yak Bulo is shown at the book “Methods”, goal. 3, in the history of the Trojan War of Lucretia