The lands came to the USSR in 1939. The myth of the voluntary arrival to the USSR of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. Zahalnogeographic, complex and thematic cartography

Shchoroku, mayzhe from the people themselves, I am going to Belarus, at the dachas of my relatives near the Stolbtsy district of the Minsk region. Instructed to pass the administrative cordon of the Stolbtsovsky and Dzerzhinsky districts from the dacha. However, I didn’t know about the future, I didn’t suspect that some historical place has a dacha. Having recognized that the last cordon of the districts is the old (before 1939) cordon of the SRSR from Poland, and who read the letter tomkad about the follow-up to the cordon on the railway near the Kolosovo station, I decided to carry out a similar follow-up.

For the cob - a bit of history. The Russian-Polish cordon at these edges passed for a short hour, for example, in the XVIII century - between other and third divisions of the Commonwealth, between 1793 and 1795. However, the road was passing on the way, the place of Stovpts, after another split, was stumbled at the warehouse of the Russian Empire. In 1815, Poland, apparently, became an autonomous part of Russia (the Kingdom of Poland, like, vtim, was signifi- cantly on the outskirts), and the axis after the Zhovtnevoi revolution, the Polish leader Jozef Płsudski virіshiv vіdnoviti Rіch Pospolitu in the borders to the third came only . After the Radyansk-Polish war, in 1921, roci, between Radyansk Russia and Poland, the settlements of the Rizky peace agreement, zgіdno z yakim i buv carrying out that very cordon, follow that dosі prikhovanі in the forests. Zahidna Belarus (like Zahidna Ukraine) went to Poland. The map looked like this in the period from 1921 to 1939:

And the Belarusian nationalists portrayed the axis like this:

With this rank, the Kolosovo railway station became a cordon station from the Polish side. From the Radian side, the passengers of the trains passed the control at the station Negorilogo. Before the speech, they sailed along Negorile-Paris and Stovpts-Manchuria.

All those who arrived at the country of socialism, who had a wink, from the rear side zashed such a pompous arch with the inscription "Hello to the working Sunset!" An analogous arch of the bula, before the speech, on the Finnish cordon near Byloostrov. The right hand through the arch is a wooden radyanskaya frontier gate.

German viyskove photo of 1941:

And tse looking at the bik station Kolosovo. Livoruch vіd shlyakhіv - Polish frontier outpost. Call ensign of Poland.

And tse - vlasne cordon. View of the Polish side:

And now I will show the results of my achievements. Trochs of other history. At the fox's instruction from Kolosovym, the trenches of the hours of the Great Vitchiznyanoy war.

Everything is already overgrown, and the trees have changed. And yet, remember the fox.

Father, I'm happy zaliznitsi from the Kolosovo station near the right side of the Negorilogo Passing the second kilometer, I know at the forest ruins of the Polish frontier:

Kolodyaz yak.

At once, concrete ruins were broken, and in the past, life looked like this (another photo, the cream of the presented one):

And from the other side of the big cordon, beating the air, the foundation of the radyansky cordon barrier was saved:

The axis looked so small in the photo at the 1930s. The photo was cropped from the same angle, no matter what the way. Derev'yana budіvlya right-handed - tse and є radianska prikordonna outpost, in view of which the ruins were left behind.

Well, come on, you saved yourself the boundary yourself. Through the current cordon of the Stolbtsy and Dzerzhinsky districts, pass through the mills. In the middle, a cordon shaft stretches.

Here, straight ahead of the bay, the prosіka was not spared, - the rampart was like a forest:

Here the border is clearer:

Naytsіkavіshoy znahіdkoy prickly drіt.

Another historical photo. Before the speech, the control-sliding smog on the cordon was seen by itself in these months and by itself in the next three years - if one Belarusian peasant vipadkovo showed traces on the rose land near the cordon and added about to the cordon workers.

Maybe, such a study can be called the archeology of shodo new history(I don’t know what bi term vigadati is). Having passed the entire cordon here, more than seventy years, more than that, and made the cordon work for that hour. Most of the objects tied to the cordon were gone, but prove all one thing, they saved everything, even though the Minsker is far from being a skinny man, who, having come to the forest for mushrooms (and the month, popular with mushroom pickers), guess about those who themselves passed through the state cordon, and vpіznat її surpluses. Hours are changing, between powers are changing. Now the cordon from Poland to pass richly zahіdnіshe, but modestly guessing about the friend of the Polish Republic is still saved.

PS - before the speech, you can try to search for similar speeches on the old Radian-Finnish cordon under St. Petersburg.

Having scurried through Poland’s shock, and escaping with a secret plan, under the spheres, pouring in for the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, Radyansky Soyuz, 17 September 1939. in their own troops on the territory of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, they also entered the warehouse of Poland. The introduction of the military unit of the Radians motivated "the yoke of the population of these territories under the yoke of Polish helpers and the threat of the German fascist occupation."

Vodnochas the SRSR detachment started to improve the visibility of Nimechchina. On April 18, the councils of the SRSR and Nimechchini declared that the children of the Radyansk and German troops near Poland “do not follow up, no matter what, if they go against the interests of Niemechchini, or Radyansky Union And to supersede the spirit and letters of the non-aggression pact, regulations between Nimechchina and the SRSR. On the territory of Poland, a demarcation line was established between the German and Russian armies.

28 spring 1939 Moscow signed the Treaty “On Friendship and Cordon” between the SRSR and Nimechchina, to which secret protocols were also given about the improvement of the spheres in the “Third Reich” spheres. Vіdpovіdno before the th contract, the new western cordon of the SRSR was installed approximately behind the “Curzon line”, as if vin zaproponuvav in 1920. like an ethnic cordon between the Polish populations, on one side, the Ukrainian and Belarusian populations, on the other. In the secret protocols, it was also agreed that one of the parties should not allow Polish propaganda directed against the territory of the other side on their territory.

1 and 2 leaf fall 1939 Zahidna Ukraine and Zahidna Belarus were included to the warehouse of the Radyansky Union and "resurrected" from the Ukrainian RSR and the Belarusian RSR. In reality, the fact of the fourth subdivision of Poland, zdijsneniya as a result of radyansko-Nimets housekeeping.

An agreement about "friendship" from the fascist Nazi Germany with serious negative consequences. The new, zokrema, said that “there is a need for a sovereign stay” on the territory of Poland, on the way to the new cordons of the SRSR, to carry out Nimechchina. In this rank, the downfall of the Polish state was postulated. The agreement was supported by a radian-German declaration, in which England and France were entitled to "return on the war", and the orders of the German Empire and the SRSR declared "to consult one by one about the necessary visits." Japanese order declaring Nіmechchinі y zv'yazku іz ukladannyam contract protest. In the country itself, there was a crisis in the ranks, and the cabinet of ministers was at the front.

Autumn 1939 the radianian detachment spoke with their nearest foreign countries: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland, proponuyuchi їm lay down pacts about mutual assistance. At the negotiations I.V. Stalin and V.M. Molotov was told to the representatives of the Baltic states that the SRSR and Nymechchina had taken over the spheres of state interests in the Baltic states, that Nimechchina was lucky, that Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia were included in the zone of the SRSR inflow. Pleasure about the spheres without the knowledge of the powers, such as there were, was a violation of the norms of international law.

The councils of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania signed pacts “about mutual assistance” with the Radian Union, which renounced the right to be on the territory of the Baltic states of the military-povitryan and military-marine bases and place their garrisons there.

Radyansk-Finnish War

The order of Finland was moved to make a pact about mutual assistance with the Radian Union. It also decided to transfer the proposition of the SRSR to the first part of the Finnish territory on the Karelian Isthmus with a tight system of reinforcement (“Mannerheim Line”), which was there, in exchange for a large territory in Karelia. The Radian-Finnish blues brightened sharply. 30 leaf fall 1939 parts of the Red Army crossed the border of Finland. Viysk's days spent three and a half months. The Rada of the League of Nations adopted a decision on the exclusion of the SRSR from the League. The United States issued a "moral embargo" on trade with the Radyansk Union and gave loans to finances for a total sum of 30 million dollars.

March 12, 1940 Moscow signed a peace treaty between the USSR and Finland, which ended the Radian-Finnish war. Vіn nabuv chivalry negajno after yogo signing. The Radiansk-Finnish cordon on the Karelian Isthmus was sent to the pivnichny entry. The agreement meant the re-establishment of the historical Russian-Finnish cordon, which was established until 1809. Before the Soviet Socialist Republic, there was the Karelian Isthmus with Viborg and other territories. Finland had the good fortune to rent to the Radyansk Union for 30 rocks of the Khanko Pivot Island near the Finnish Butts with adjacent islands for the creation of a military-sea base there. Offended by the powers that were guilty, they would be pacified in the attack one on one, do not lay down any alliances and do not take part in coalitions that are directed against one side. Prote Finland entered the war against the SRSR for Nimechchini. After the defeat of Finland in the war on 19 April 1944, an agreement was signed about a truce.

Naprikintsi chervnya 1940 the radian order put before Rumunia a notice about the turn of Bessarabia, as it had come to Rumunia as early as 1918. 28 chernya 1940 parts of the Red Army entered Bessarabia, as well as Pivnichnaya Bukovina, populated by Ukrainians. Radiansky cordon was sent to the destination: most of Bessarabia went to the warehouse of Moldova, Pivnichna Bukovina and the central districts of Bessarabia - to the warehouse of Ukraine.

"Wonderful war" in Western Europe (spring 1939 - May 1940) and capitulation of France

After the defeat of Poland, there were no daily military operations on the Western Front. The French military and the English expeditionary corps did not work at the warehouse of five divisions, although they were friendly minds to break through the strengthening of the “Siegfried Line”, prompted by the German side to the German-French cordon. Warfare took away the ironic name of "sitting", "wonderful" warfare. Only the sea was launched in combat operations. The strategy of the English and French rulers led to the continuation of the Munich policy of "appeasement" of the aggressors. The stench hid their passivity, so that the "wonderful war" will soon end. In the role of a mediator, ready to reconcile the warring parties, the intercessor of the US Secretary of State S. Welles, who was like a fierce birch, 1940, acted. zdijsniv trips to Rome, Berlin, Paris and London. However, through the struggle between the Anglo-French bloc, Welles's mission ended in vain.

First of all, the implementation of the plan "Gelb" ("Zhovtiy") - invasion of the country Western Europe Nіmechchina vyrіshila secure the flanks and create a strategic bridgehead on the pivnochi of Europe. On April 9, 1940, the German troops, following the plan "Wedding on the Veser", invaded Denmark and Norway. And 10 May - in Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, then in France.

Companion truce 1940 r.

Paris, stunned " vіdkritim mistom", 14 chernya 1940 p. be occupied by the Germans without a fight. On June 16, Prime Minister Marshal Peten turned back to Nimechchini from the world. 22 worms 1940 the Companion Fox signed the Franco-German truce. On the 25th of the chervny near Rome, the Franco-Italian truce was signed. Viyskovski dії near France stumbled. The Third Republic fell.

Obviously, to the minds of the truce, France was divided into two zones. Nіmechchina paid back two thirds of the territory of France: Paris, Pivnіchnі crafts regions, Alsace and Lorraine, ports of the Atlantic Ocean. Pivdenny part of France (pivdenny zone) and French colonies they didn’t take part in the occupation, the pro-fascist regime of Marshal Pétain was established there with the residence at the metro station Vishi. The defeat of France - the main ally of Great Britain in Europe - meant the defeat and collapse of the anti-Nimets coalition of the European lands, which formed an ear of war.

Lost pact

After the fall of France and the Netherlands, as there were great volodins near Pivdenno-Skhidniy Asia and the basins of the Pacific Ocean, the Japanese began to expand the sphere of aggression. In the spring of 1940, Japan sent its troops to Indo-China, and for the capture of the Nimechchini, they urged the Vishchi to come in handy for the occupation of the yogo pivnіchnoi part. Nezabar hang Indochina buv zahopleniyu Japan.

Nіmechchina, with its blackness, defied the fascist bloc. 27th spring 1940 in Berlin, a pact was signed about a political and economic union between Nimechchina (I. Ribbentrop), Italy (G. Ciano) and Japan (S. Kurusu) - participants in the Anti-Comintern Pact. Vіn buv for 10 years; vodomy is also like "all Berlin - Rome - Tokyo".

At the preamble to the pact, the participants hung up the exercise of spivpratsi with the method of establishing a “new order” in Europe and Asia, and appointed the sphere of skin injection from the three powers. Japan recognized the hegemony of Germany and Italy from Europe. Nіmechchina and Іtаlіya goiter were to honor the key role of Japan in the great "shidno-Asiatic expanse". The participants in the pact did their best to help each other in times of attack on one of them, be it a power, as it did not take part in the war. The pact was supplemented with secret treaties. The stench gave the German help to Japan in establishing control over Indo-China and Indonesia. The Natomist of Japan was in time for the supply of strategic sirovina to them, and the transfer of Nimechchini after the end of the war of її many colonies near the peninsular seas, for a little wine it was quiet, which was known under the Japanese mandate (Marshall, Marian and Caroline Islands).

Before the pact in the leaf fall of 1940 came Ukraine, Romania, Slovakia, then Bulgaria, Finland, Spain, Thailand (Siam), the puppet regimes of Croatia, Manchukuo and the Chinese order of Wang Jingwei.

Anglo-American rapprochement.

After the defeat of France, Belgium and the Netherlands, the threat of a German invasion hung over the British Isles. June 16, 1940 by the Nazis, the plan of invasion and occupation of Great Britain was broken up, which, having removed the name "Sea Lion", which was later approved by the Hitlerites.

The slaughter of Western Europe by Nimechchina called out the unrest of the United States. With the method of raising the security of the country's congress, signing the snail 1940. over 5 billion dollars for the development of the great program of the military life and the increase of the enemy forces. Regardless of the protidium of the isolationists, the Roosevelt order put on the growing help of Great Britain. 2 spring 1940 The United States signed for Great Britain, for which they handed over 50 destroyers, the necessary escort of merchant ships. Natomist England transferred the United States to 99 rocky military bases on the islands of Newfoundland, Bermuda, Bahamas, Jamaica and others. in the Atlantic Ocean. In this manner, the possibility of defending the Zakhidnaya pivkul against fascist aggression grew.

The situation that had developed dictated that the United States and Great Britain should be further away. At the sich-birch, 1941 The military command of these powers worked out a plan that laid the foundations for their coalition strategy in the war.

On the proposition of Roosevelt on 11 birch 1941. congress praising the lend-lease law, tobto. transfers of fire, ammunition, syrovin, food, etc. the necessary conduct of warfare at the position of rent to the allied countries. The deliveries were made on the basis of bilateral interests between the United States and the country, as the comrades took help. Deliveries under lend-lease were expanded by 42 countries and exceeded by 31 December 1945 49 billion dollars. Lend-lease played a positive role in the fight against fascism.

After the arrival of Hitler before the reign of Nimechchina in 1933, the fate of the SRSR defiantly opened up all the economics and vidnosiny of Nimechchina. Since then, the official course of the SRSR has become the course of the creation of the European system of "Collective Security".
At Birch 1938, the year of Nimechchina zdijsnul the Anschluss of Austria, and on the 15th of birch, 1939, the fate of Nimechchina paid for the Czech Republic. The threat of the occupation of Poland hung.
March 18, 1939 People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR M. M. Litvinov, having propagated a conference of six countries: the USSR, England, France, Romania, Poland and Turkey, in order to intimidate further German aggression. Prote English side I knew this proposition "before the hour".
April 16, 1939 Litvinov English proposition to give Poland unilateral guarantees also from the side of the SRSR, having advocated a draft trilateral treaty, which conveys "pressing force, including the military, to help the similar European powers, roztashovanim between the Baltic and Black Seas, such a difference between powers."
The proposition about the tripartite union was adopted at the outset as radical.
As a matter of fact, the propositions of England and France to the Radyansk Union were removed, as such, which do not comply with the principle of reciprocity.
So the possibility of the creation of the anti-Hitler coalition was spent.
The prospect of participating in the war against Germany did not dominate Stalin, and the establishment of a connection with Berlin became a priority task for him. On May 3, Litvinov was removed from office and replaced by Molotov. At Berlin, it was like an encouraging sign (even if Litvinov was a Jew, and it was pleasant for the Nazi order to negotiate with the People's Commissar Jew). A day later, the German newspapers were blocked by attacks on the SRSR.
At the herb, born in 1939 negotiations were resumed with England and France. Razbіzhnist bula only on one point - "indirect aggression".
Radian's formula was rated by England and France as a way for the SRSR to give you the opportunity to get a job and, be it a drive, to introduce your country to the sudan lands.
To Churchill's thought, Poland, Romania, Finland, those three Baltic powers did not know what they were more afraid of - the German aggression or the Russian order. The very necessity of such a terrible choice paralyzed the policy of England and France.
3 sick days 1939 official statement on the topic of the German-Radyansk rapprochement, in a way, zokrema, stifling the pressure on the rozpodіl of the spheres to the point.
Irrespective of the negotiations with England and France, Stalin's proposition of the Nazis about laying down a German-Radian treaty on non-aggression and dividing spheres turned out to be more lucrative.
23 sickles 1939 an agreement about non-aggression between Nimechchina and the Radyansk Union with an addendum to the secret protocol of signatures.
And already on the 1st of September Hitler attacked Poland. The situation in Poland was bezvihіdne. The Poles did not want to be redeemed by the Red Army, but they could not resist the Germans. England, even though I had laid the union out of Poland, did not begin to give help to the military.
On the 17th of May, if all of Poland was occupied by the German troops, and the detachment of Poland was emigrated, the Chervona Army crossed the Polish cordon of Poland and in a few days, without any support, occupied the territories that had previously covered Ukraine and Belarus. In this order, the lands, like Poland came to itself (still in the Crimea of ​​Lithuania) after the Radian-Polish war for the Rizky peace treaty of 1921, now they have moved to the warehouse of the SRSR.
Radiation of these lands began.
The deyakі dії novі ї vlady called out the imprisoned populace: expanding the range of Ukrainian schools, improving the lives of minds and medical services, nationalization, so that the interests of the Ukrainian great promise were in the hands of the Poles.
Alas, the population noticed the negative consequences of the activity of the new government: violent collectivization, the liquidation of the activity of political parties, public organizations, terror against the Radian government.
In the period from 1921 to 1939, the Polish government pursued a policy of colonization, the forcible imposition of Catholicism and the oppression of Ukrainians and Belarusians.

Arrival of Western Ukraine to the Soviet Socialist Republic

In the distant 1939, no one could let it go, that, having come to Western Ukraine to the SRSR, with their own hands, those same Radiansky kerivniki drove their own "Trojan horse" with their hands into the main place for all of us - the territory of the Russian-Ukrainian state.

Radyansk kerіvnitstvo accepting the decision to turn on to the warehouse of the SRSR absolutely alien in the social and historical plan of the region, did not care about all the complexity and all the peculiarities of the military-political situation, which was formed at the time of the introduction of the Radyanskys into Galicia.
Imovirno, behind the large-scale military-diplomatic approaches of the autumn of 1939, those radian leaders of their strategic pro-rahunk, who appeared for more than ten years in the upcoming 21st century, did not give birth to fate. However, I call Stalin the same for those who, having come to their homeland, new lands, it’s not true, because they don’t have any foreign lands.

And the axis of the radianization, which is still ahead of the day, the cob of light war in the restless, cordon region, cebul, insanely, one of the most serious pardons of the land of joys. Even though the Radianian special services were trying to report effectively, and the SRSR, evenly, it was better informed about those who were in the places and villages of the frontier Galicia, but they continued the radianization right up to the beginning of the war.
characterizing the situation in Western Ukraine in 1939, Pavlo Sudoplatov, a veteran of the Radian special services, described the situation in his own way:

“Galicia has always been a stronghold of the Ukrainian nationalistic movement, to which such leaders slapped the tide, such as Hitler and Canaris in Nimechchina, Beneš in Czechoslovakia and Federal Chancellor of Austria Engelbert Dollfuss. The capital of Galicia, Lviv, became the center where refugees flocked from Poland, and rallied against the German occupation troops. The Polish intelligence service and the counter-intelligence service sent all of their most important contacts to Lviv - those who were suspected of being under the control of the German-Polish confrontation of the 1930s.

About those who were active in Galicia, I found out more at the same time in 1939, when the Chervona Army occupied Lviv. The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine Khrushchov and the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs, Serov, wanted to carry out a campaign of radianization in Western Ukraine. My squad was sent to Lvov all at once from Pavel Zhuravlyov, the head of the German branch of our intelligence department. I was alarmed: I was busy dealing with German agents and sub-organizations of Ukrainian nationalists, and in Lvov the atmosphere was no longer similar to the camp of rights in the Radian part of Ukraine.

Lviv has prospered the capitalist way of life: wholesale and retail trade tried at the hands of privates, such nevdovz was liquidated under the hour of sovietization. With a majestic splash, the small Ukrainian Uniate church, the local population sang the support of the organization of Ukrainian nationalists, as the people of Bandery were astounded. Behind our tribute, the OUN was very active and had little significant power. In addition, there is a small amount of good work in the field of activity, which, unfortunately, the Syrian "team" did not have.

The counter-intelligence service of Ukrainian nationalists was able to get a quick look at the safe house of the NKVS near Lvov. The method of their restraints is rather simple; the stench repaired the її bіlа budіvlі mіskvіddіl NKVS and supprovodzhuvali dermal, who, having appeared in civil and in boots, who had seen in the new military: Ukrainian security guards, wearing a coat uniform, forgot such a "drіbnitsa", as if vzuttya. Stink, pevne, they didn’t lie that in Western Ukraine the shoes were worn by the military themselves. In the meantime, there were signs about the nobility, if in the Radian part of Ukraine everyone wore shoes, it was simply impossible to get anywhere else.”

Those that the OUN was a more serious adversary, having shown the butt of the bourgeois Poland, in the 20-30s of the 20-30s the Ukrainian nationalists fought actively against the Polish Panuvannya in Galicia and not only a path of propaganda, but also for additional terror, the stench could to one of the key ministries in the order of Poland, the Minister of Internal Affairs B. Piratsky, who was the initiator of the creation of concentration camps in the country and the defender of decisive approaches against Ukrainian nationalists, in 1934. Pєratsky buv of murders under the hour of the terrorist attack. Tsei swing of organizations by Stepan Bandera, who was born in 1936. at once from uninterrupted vikonavtsy buv judgments before mortal curry, replaced later by the daughter's certifications.

Треба віддати належне, радянським спецслужбам, які ще задовго до вступу на територію Галичини відстежували діяльність ОУН і навіть проводили короткі та ефективні спецоперації безпосередньо проти самих вождів західноукраїнських націоналістів, НКВС наче передбачав, що боротьба з українськими націоналістами буде довгою та кровопролитною.

Yes, back in 1938. NKVS Spivrobitnik Pavel Sudoplatov was beheaded by the same head of the OUN, the commander of the corps "Sich Riflemen" Yevgen Konovalts.
Unexpectedly after the unification of the SRSR, the nationalists realized that Radyansk Ukraine is not the ideal of Ukrainian statehood and that it is not expensive for them.
As a result, with the cob of war, the Soviet Socialist Republic added itself to the opponents of the Crimea, the German Wehrmacht and the rebel army in the OUN and all the price for the strategically important pіvdenno-zahіdnomu directly, de Galicia at once from Transcarpathia bula gates in pіvdenny, Uhdenny districts of Poland . and far away from the pivdenny part of Nіmechchini.

The soldiers look at the trophies buried in the battles on the territory of Western Ukraine.

The population of the city of Lvov is in the Ukrainian Chervonoy Army, which entered the city.

A group of delegates from the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine beat the Moscow theater.

Presidium of People's Assembly of Western Ukraine.

1.1. The situation at the front line of the SRSR and near the cordon areas near the red 1941 river.

Let's fast forward our thoughts to sixty-seven-seven years ago, the worm of 1941 had a worm. Nezabar pochnetsya vіdlіk dnіv nіv nebuvaly dosі stoyannia, but for now ... For now, as if it could be given to such an unknown third-party poster, nothing felt the approach of war. Everything, it would seem, would have happened like this, no one had already begun to grow up for the Drang nah Osten of the German Wehrmacht along that western cordon of the SRSR. As early as before, trains with ore, lumber, grain and cows went to Reich through the cordon stations of Brest, Chizhev, Graevo, Kybartai, to torment. Kolishniy chief of the artillery post of the 383rd artillery regiment of the 86th Chervonoprapornaya Striletsk division Naymushin guessed that herds of geese and indicators were crossing the auto crossings on their own. However, it was already imperceptibly hung in the air, smelling sourly of gunpowder, which burned. All bowls and bowls at night, becoming heard from "that" side, the roar of hundreds of motors. Native soldiers, like they served on the frontier cordon, near the blacks began to take away their blue, the brothers and marvelous leaves. Confronting censorship, they wrote speeches to “my Aesop” without reason, anxiety, as if they were afraid to think. O. S. Tonkov, a cross-border soldier of the Red Army (a sign of obscurity), wrote about taking away his sister’s “suicide bomber” medallion in Kostroma in the following way: “They saw orders for us to Mogilevskaya, don’t tell mom about it.”

More often, more often, at all times before the month, the Luftwaffe’s reconnaissance pilots of Colonel Rovel’s special groups without carnage destroyed our open space, took photographs and turned without interruption to their airfields. Covering the greater part of the Bilostotsky ledge, small zdiyasnyuvat chotiri vinischuvalni regiments of the 9th air division. Ale її commander, Hero of the Radyansk Union, holder of the "Golden Star" No. 18, 29th Major General of Aviation S.A. Hanging and on the cob of summer, the aviators ambiguously guessed about the organization of state security: Moscow had the arrest of low-ranking officials of the VPS of the Chervonoy Army. Divisional commander Chornikh did not want to follow them. But sometimes the patience of the pilots burst, and even the impudence of the German pilots was still punished. Potim kerіvnitstvo punished the merciful pilots and their commanders. There was a threat of severe punishment over Major General of Aviation G.M. Zakharov, a friend of Lieutenant General P.V. All three fought in Spain, and from Black wines, becoming a classmate, they started at the same time at the Stalingrad Llotny School. For a shouldered man, such as Richagov and Chornikh, a young man with a general's stars on the blue buttonholes of his tunic, he already had a little victory over the sky of Spain and China. To the 22 Chervnya G. M. Zakharov is deserved by the commander of the 43-ї vinivity of Divizi: 243 Boyovi LINIA, hungling that Zv'yazkini-Puna 300. Hurry up to Vіini, Having re-nahabot vіdroverty, Oblit district of Diviziya Nibitito Si-47 Nimetskiya. Let's take a trip "at the klіshі" and landing, and then we'll go to the far end of the airfield.

« - Who-nebud rozmovlya Russian?- sleeping їх.

- Niht fershtein ...

I'm pissed off. They guessed and became aware of all the skargs of Chornikh ...

- Well, since "nіht fershteєn",- I said - sit still until evening. For now, don’t guess a little Russian word.

After that, through the back of the pilot, the navigator’s vine and even more, may be without an accent, saying:

- Sir General, I am a little Russian.

Those who were vindictive before me with the words “Pan General”, if I’m with a superior litter jacket, confirmed that I’m on the right with a rozvіdnik.” Two more falls were recorded at the 9th air division. The 21st chergovaya lanka of the 126th wine regiment (commander - Lieutenant Colonel Yu. A. Nemtsevich) fired at the gunner and thrashed yoga before landing at the Dolubove airfield. Colish division commander-2 of the 383rd GAP 86th KrSD I. S. Turovets rozpovіv me, shcho і in Tsekhanіvtsі buv the same rank of landings on the airfield bombardment of the Luftwaffe. The nest for aerial photography equipment in the navigator's cockpit was bulky, but it turned out to be empty - that one caught the "compromising evidence" in the air. For a year it was reported that another person appeared as an eyewitness to this incident. Exploring the leaves of the numerous warriors of the 86th Chervonoprapornaya division, I used N. S. Gvozdikov, a worker of the divisional newspaper "At a combat post", to write a typewritten history of life. Gvozdikov spoke about his service in the army with a garne of literary mine until the moment I was full in the area of ​​​​metro Zelva. Vin wrote: “[I] already approached Tsekhanovtsya, like a raptom roar of the engines and low, so good you could see the cross on the wings, the black fly flying by the escort of our hawks. Yogo was put on the nearest airfield. Politruk Ivan Minov, who knew the German language well (the intercessor of the editor of our newspaper, a native of the Volga German Republic), was a translator. Let’s have a chance to tell you that the Germans were true, that the stench got lost.” About zatrimannya they added “upstairs”, after another hour, they ordered: let the guards in. The Germans safely flew home, and then the guards, following the course of the next flight, knew the container with photographic equipment.

A serious incident, which could not be called a provocation any other way, standing upright on the stretch of the Augustus cordon paddock. As foreseeing the large commander of the 345th Strile Regiment, V.K. The stinkers made a turn over Augustow, the cordons fired fire at them: three Luftwaffe vehicles were shot down. At the grass on the station of the 87th Lomzhansky cordon corral, a German fly was also beaten. After the completion of the work of the next commission, all the guards were re-identified, now already signed, with the directive of the people's commissar of internal affairs, L.P.

On the 20th of the ranks, the commander of the squadron of 123 IAP of the 10th air division, captain M.F. Vinischuvach-bomber Me-110 on the evolution of the Radyansky pilot in fire, aloe knocked down. M. F. Savchenko did not lose his borg. He let go of the black and drank at the engine of the German lantern, which he pushed down those lowered pishov for the line of the cordon. У всіх червневих випадках, можливо, тільки вторгнення вермахту врятувало пілотів від покарання за порушення наказу НКО СРСР, що діяло з квітня 1940 р.: «При порушенні радянсько-німецького кордону німецькими літаками та повітроплавальними апаратами вогню не відкривати, обмежуючись складанням акту про порушення» . At the 162nd regiment of the 43rd ІAD, a pilot captain P'yatin served, a large deputy. the regiment commander in the division S. A. Chornikh, who was demoted in the settlement to the squadron commander and was transferred “like a sin given” for shelling a bomber with crosses on the wings. The route "Lufthanzy" Berlin - Moscow passing itself along the axis of the Bilostok ledge. At the 41st branch of the NKVS - NKDB, as a sign of fate for that, the large officer of the "organs" B. Pishchik, commemorated the marvelous quality of personnel at the German airline. Pilots of її liners that flew to the Radyansk Union, month after month, were left alone. But the navigators often suspected them. Tuzhurkas of stench were worn by civilians, they rattled the earth with a ringing sound, forged dumb arshins, demonstrated their military correction of the officers of the Luftwaffe. They "rolled" the routes, leading the squadrons of their "Junkers" and "Heinkels" with no difficulty, and correctly fixed the smallest changes at the deployment of the Radyansk troops. So, under the glide path of the Bilostok airport of the Civil Air Fleet, there was the town of Khoroshch from the Viysk town of the 7th Tank Regiment of the 4th Tank Division. There was not a day when A.K. A few days before the beginning of the war, the regiment flew from Khoroshcha to the training ground, and on the 22nd day of the day, the bomb did not fall on the abandoned town of Viysk.

On the cob of summer 1941 Moscow, pragmatic not to provoke Berlin, practically made it even easier for the robot to search for its own capital. At the ground part, there was an announcement about a pass at the gates (gates) of the squadrons of the Luftwaffe, who were sitting in Bialystoc, where the management of the 9th aviation division and the German pilots “exchanged the notice” from the Radians. “At the weekend, at this hour, I ... I was especially happy at Budinka, officers of 15 German pilots, yak [sweat] freely walked around the city and fired our objects for shelling,” the commander of the 212th regiment of the 49th str. division lieutenant colonel M. I. Kovalenko. Prote vodnocha kerіvnitstvo suvoro scolded podrozdіli protipopіtryanoї defences for neprinennya samoіlnyh passages derzhkordon pozarejsovymi passenger cars of nіmetsskih avіakpanіnі. So, at the order of NPOs on 10 chervnya 1941 p. No. 0035 razbiravsya vpadok, if on 15 May planted ZNO Zahidnoy zone PPO "looked over" "Junkers-52", flying poses on schedule, and nothing you did not cross to Moscow itself. The dispatcher of the Bilostoksky airport of the Far Eastern Fleet spoke about the fireman of the chariot of the GU PPO of the country, but without killing the division commander-9 Black and the command of the 4th brigade of the PPO, shards from the 9th day of the telephone cable, which ran a telephone cable to them, with the Bilostok airport, who should be aware of the disruption of the links.

The intercessor appeared with the help of the witness of the sworn swaville. People's Commissar of Defense General of the Army K. A. Meretskov, who arrived to Minsk with the method of re-verification. In my eyes, on the airfield part, which is being misinterpreted, a “passenger” landed with a swastika on the keel. “Not believing my eyes, I turned around for food to the commander of the district, D. G. Pavlov. Toy vіdpovіv, scho for the orders of the head of the Head Department of Civil inspected by the fleet at which airfield it is punished to accept German passenger planes. Meretskov, reading Pavlov and commander of the Air Forces I. I. Koptsya for those who did not inform the people's commissar. On a rhetorical question: "How will the war and aviation of the district not be able to defend against the blow of the enemy, what will you do?"- Kapets unmistakably vіdpovіv: "Then I will shoot". It's wonderful, as the head of the Main Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet, General V.S. Wanting a wine, without a doubt, deyav for a year that for a vkazіvkoy of the greater ceramics of the country. So, if I may say so, “voice” could, in the opinion of the Kremlin and, perhaps, J. Stalin himself, demonstrate a peaceful namіri of the SRSR.

And his word Hero of the Radian Union (also for Spain) Major General of Aviation I. I. Kopets finished trimming. If the day of the day, 22 worms in the district headquarters of the VPS at the Minsku, I was fooled by the sticks about the Namylii shock along the Aerodroma, I was all the same as the picture of the Army, the copeca of the PISHIKA 23 M. Zakharov, Ivan Koptsya is no longer alive.